Exam 1 broadcast

Shooting B-roll Critical to storytelling Avoid "____"

"talking heads"

Patience when shooting At least _ seconds per shot __ action Wait for the action

10 Anticipate

50/25/25 rule

50% close ups/extreme shots 25% wide shot 25% medium shot

Remote Production

A combination of studio and field production. For example, a football match covering using OB van

Studio production

A great deal of studio production occurs within the controlled environment of TV studio or control room. Studio production includes -News -Game shows -Talk shows -Information programs -Situation comedies -Soap operas, etc

A-roll and B-roll What is the difference between the two?

A roll is the primary thing you see in the sequence B roll is what goes over it

Rule of thirds

According to the rule of thiers, the frame is divided into three parts horizontally and vertically. The subject of the photo is place into one of the four intersections Balance the picture by using the rule of thirds Keep the camera at eye-level of the subject

Shooting Video

Action, movement, body language Let the action come to you Use a tripod Avoid panning and zooming Action/reaction shots Sequence of shots Details

B-Roll

Also known as CUTAWAYS, B-roll is used to help illustrate the topic.. You can't shoot too much B-roll Comes in handy if there is a jump-cut or an error in the video B-roll can be an effective way to cover mistakes

Camera zoom

Also try to use static shots for news packages - pans and zooms are awful to edit and are best left to longer features.

Camera pan

Also try to use static shots for news packages - pans and zooms are awful to edit and are best left to longer features. 1. to photograph or televise while rotating a camera on its vertical or horizontal axis in order to keep a moving person or object in view or allow the film to record a panorama : to pan from one end of the playing field to the other during the opening of the football game

Jump cuts

An edit in a sequence of shots which has the subject jerking from one position to another.

Pressure Groups

Big pressure groups include trade unions and employers' organizations. Smaller groups and many charities also act as pressure groups; test the views of each one vigorously.

10 poor listening habits

Calling subject uninteresting Criticizing the speaker or delivery Getting over-stimulated Listening only for facts Not taking notes or outlining everything Faking attention Tolerating or creating distractions Tuning out difficult material Letting emotional words block the message Wasting the time difference between speed of speech and speed of thought

Become familiar with the equipment

Camera Microphone Tripod

Aspects of Video Storytelling contd..

Can capture action and reaction Body language plus voice = presentation

The book: Interviewing tips

Choose a focus for the interview. Research - do lots Choose the interviewee carefully. Prepare yourself. Prepare the interviewee. Put questions clearly, concisely and pertinently. Facts are good but very often ask questions that get a reaction, a feeling or opinion. Listen to the interviewee and react. Use body language. Don't record too much. Have an outline on paper or in your head Avoid multiple questions.

Overlays

Chromakey is electronic means still or moving pictures behind a reporter or presenter. It is also known as Color Separation Overlay (CSO) or Color Keying.

Closed vs. Open-ended questions

Closed-ended Limit response Conversation stopper open -ended Cannot be yes or no answer Elicit more detail "Tell me more about...." Works as a question

The Pre-Production Process (Know your subject)

Commit to a topic Decide how to approach the topic (point of view) Make an appointment to discuss the topic with your subjects Meet with subjects and decide on a date and time to tape interviews Jot down ideas for b-roll shots Proceed with the production

Editing strategies

Continuity editing - most common editing style Create sense of continuity despite discontinuity of "cuts" Sequences -Mini-stories that make up main story .. went over fast

Shoot in ____ Segments

Discrete Remember that you will be determining what the viewer sees and how the story unfolds So try to shoot discrete segments that you then can assemble into that story when you're editing

Interviewing tips

Do your research Choose quiet location Be on time Write questions before Explain the story and be upfront Be observant and listen Ask for clarification Be quiet "Yeah" "Mhm" DONT DO Always ask if interview would like to add anything

Interviewing techniques: Set up: 1 Interview Audio (Contd.)

During the sound-check ask subjects to pronounce and spell their first name and last name That'll come in handy when your find yourself needing to reference them in your narration Remember that even common names can have unusual pronunciations

Types of news

Emergencies Crime Gov and politics Planning and Development Conflict and controversy Industry and Business Health, Medicine, Science Soft human interest Sport Seasonal or Unseasonal Weather Travel Local and National Special Interest Animals Cultural and Religious Periods Entertainment and Celebs

Close up (CU)

Fill the frame with the subject. Use a related environment whenever possible. Both eyes should be visible and the subject should not be looking into the camera Balance the picture by using the rule of thirds

Interviewing techniques: Set up: 1 interview audio

First, use either a lavalier mic, shotgun mic or portable recorder The key here is positioning the microphone closer to subject Second, monitor your volume levels. Listen to what you're recording with a good pair of headphones (not earbuds) Track a visual indicator of levels on your recording device

Interviewing techniques: During the interview

Focus and listen Set the tone: be enthusiastic Interview people in their environment

Shooting tips

Shoot eye level Set the tone and the theme of the segment at the start Look for backgrounds and environments that are eye-catching Its okay to see some action going on in the background Be imaginative, but always remember reporter is not the story

Interview Etiquette

How should a jour dress for interview? What is the right time to arrive? 15 or 30 mins Is it appropriate to have questions prepared in advance? Yes How do you make your interviewee feel comfortable? -Start talking to them normal -How was your day -Are you enjoying the weather

Hoaxes

If in doubt, check it out. The only sure protection against the hoaxer is a set of sharp wits and the common sense to check the information.

Data, Graphics and Visuals

LOOK AT NOTES

Citizen Reporters

Many stories coming to broadcasters from the public are now more than just tip-offs (or complaints) and can include audiovisual material leading this information to be classified as 'user generated content' or 'citizen journalism'.

Shot sequence

Shoot sequences 1. Wide shot 2. Medium shot 3. Close ups 4. Extreme close ups 5. Cut aways 50% close ups/extreme shots 25% wide shot 25% medium shot In each sequence you need to follow The action Shoot wide Medium close ups

Interviewing techniques: Stage 2

Once on location, set up the interview You'll need to determine where you and your subject will be positioned Consider the backdrop, lighting sources and potentially problematic background noise

News anchors and presenters

Output is concerned with producing programs from the material gathered.

Bicycle Story Test (for sequencing)

Say you want to capture a person arriving at work in the morning on her bicycle that's one sequence It could be made up of the following shots -The person pulling up to the building -Getting off the bicycle -Chainig the bicycle to the stand -Take off gloves -Taking off helmet -Tucking gloves into helmet -Walking into building -Every detail is important. You can't shoot enough details.

Interviewing techniques: 4-pay close attention to the lighting

Shadows can become big distractions and too little light can have a big impact on quality Always position the key light (the brightest light source) in front of the subject, favoring one side slightly over the other If you brought a light with you, position about 45 degrees off your subject's line of sight If you're relying on available light, think about how can use windows

While balance

Simply put, white balance in digital photography means adjusting colors so that the image looks more natural. We go through the process of adjusting colors to primarily get rid of color casts, in order to match the picture with what we saw when we took it. Why do we have to do this? Because most light sources (the sun, light bulbs, flashlights, etc) do not emit purely white color and have a certain "color temperature".

Interviewing techniques: Step up 2: Shot composition

Six-Step "Tried and True Formula" for Video Interviews Use medium shots (only while recording the interview not for B-rolls Follow the rule of thirds ..

Types of production

Studio production Field production Remote production

Interviewing techniques: Research and reporting:

Take notes on the questions you want to ask; Do logistical planning: Will you conduct the interview indoors or out What time of the day? What equipment will you need?

What is the time difference?

The average person talks at a rate of 125-175 words per minute, while we can listen at a rate of up to 450 per minute

Types of interviews

The hard exposure interview which investigates a subject. The informational interview which puts the audience in the picture. The emotional interview which aims to reveal an interviewee's state of mind.

Medium shot (MS)

The medium shot shows the person wait up. It brings the subject matter closer to the viewer while also including some background info

Listening

The most basic of all human needs is the need to understand and be understood. The best way to understand people is to listen to them - ralph nichols ILA: International Listening Association

Rule of thirds

The rule of thirds is applied by aligning a subject with the guide lines and their intersection points, placing the horizon on the top or bottom line, or allowing linear features in the image to flow from section to section.

Interviewing techniques: 1-Use Medium shots

The standard interview shot puts a little bit of headroom above the subject Closer and wider shots can be effective, but they may not work in every scenario Rule of thumb here: the closer you are the more intimate shot becomes You're taking your audience from arm's length to within inches of your subject Wide shots create distance, but can also help establish contex

TV STUDIO

Tv studio is a large room 20 to 30 feet without any obstructions or distractions Tv studios come equipped with multiple cameras and microphones Lights are attached to the ceiling on a grid There is a control room with switches and controllers You set it up once and leave everything in place ready to go

Extreme close-up

Used to emphasize a point or isolate the subject

A resource for you to know

Video for multimedia (MediaStorm) -MediaStorm is a mm productions studio

Writing for the News:

WHAT formula What has happened? The introduction tells the story in brief. H How did it happen? Explain the immediate background or context. A Amplify the introduction. Flesh out the main points in order of importance. T Tie up loose ends. Give additional background material.

Elements of news judgement WRIIDN

Where Relevance Immediacy Interest Drama and Impact New, true, and interesting

The production process

While meeting with the subject, decide how to approach the subject and develop questions built around 3 to 5 main points Begin thinking about what pictures will work best for B-roll Tell the story through people Once the segment has been shot and footage reviewed, write script that will create 1-2 minute story with a beginning, middle and end.

Headlines

You need to know your audience to make news judgements and adapt writing styles. The audience can be local, national, global, or general or specialist. Good radio journalism means she stays in the car when she reaches her destination; good television journalism makes your channel his chosen appointment to view on mobile or TV. Broadcast news can be placed into types or groups such as crime, business, weather, politics, culture, arts and entertainment, sport or science.

News Programmes

aim to provide a broader view of the day's news, summarizing the best stories of the day instead of the hour.

Who does what? Output

anchor news presenter Journalists writers

Noseroom

from the nose of your subject to the camera

The WIDE SHOT

is often used to establish the scene

What is a video?

moving stills combined with a roll and b roll and audio or pictures

Capture nature audio Helps for ___ ____ as well

noise reductions

Headroom

refers to that space between the top of your frame and your subject's head.

The bulletin

snapshot of breaking news like a summary

who does what? Input

stories come in from news agencies, with reports from international news services and material from freelancer. Input editor Home/foreign editors Reporters and correspondents Camera crews Home/foreign assignment editors Operations organizers Engineering staff

360 degree video

video recordings where a view in every direction is recorded at the same time, shot using an omnidirectional camera or a collection of cameras.