Exam 1 chapter 16-19
The "living wage" and the "American standard of living" were an outgrowth of what?
A mature consumer economy.
How did the Civil War come to be remembered by the 1890s as the white North and South moved toward reconciliation?
As a tragic family quarrel among white Americans, in which blacks played no significant part.
The Ludlow Massacre was a tragic confrontation between:
Colorado mine workers and militia.
What did the term "white man's burden" mean?
Domination of non-whites by white people was necessary for the progress of civilization.
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the significance of the 1892 strike in Homestead, Pennsylvania?
It demonstrated the enormous power of large corporations and reflected the belief of many working Americans that they were being denied economic independence and self-governance.
What explains the appeal of the Lost Cause mythology for Southern whites in the late nineteenth century?
It helped southern whites cope with defeat but preserve white supremacy.
How did nickelodeons reflect a mass-consumption society in the Progressive era?
Nickelodeons offered a popular and less expensive leisure activity for urban residents.
Which of the following most accurately describes the relationship between the government and the economy in the Gilded Age?
Politicians of both major parties favored business and banks and supported a reduction in the money supply and a return to the gold standard.
Which institution was hardest hit by the Redeemers once they assumed power in the South?
Public schools.
How did the expansion of railroads accelerate the second industrial revolution in America?
Railroads created a true national market for U.S. goods.
Why did workers experience the introduction of scientific management as a loss of freedom?
Skilled workers under scientific management had to obey very detailed instructions.
Which statement about the Haymarket Affair is FALSE?
The Knights of Labor was directly responsible for the violence that took place at Haymarket.
What brought about a new wave of sympathy for the plight of women in the garment industry in Lawrence, Massachusetts?
The appearance of malnourished children who had been evacuated from Lawrence shocked the public.
How did economic development in Brazil during and after the American Civil War affect the lives of southern cotton farmers?
The expansion of Brazilian cotton cultivation lowered global prices for the crop and led to indebtedness and loss of land for southern farmers.
Which of the following properly assesses the significance of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877?
The railroad strike signaled the nation's shift from southern reconstruction to the question of labor and class tensions.
Which statement about the theory of Social Darwinism is FALSE?
The theory argued that the "deserving poor" only included children.
Which statement about the Spanish-American War is true?
The war lasted only four months and resulted in less than 400 U.S. battle casualties.
How were skilled workers able to secure new freedoms for themselves in rapidly expanding industries?
Their knowledge allowed them to control the production process and the training of apprentices.
Why did new products like Ivory Soap and Quaker Oats symbolize the continuing integration of the economy in America's Gilded Age?
These products were national brands, sold everywhere across the United States thanks to the expanding railroad network.
Why did railroad companies and other businesses form "pools" during the American Gilded Age?
They hoped to escape the chaos of market forces by fixing prices with their competitors.
Why did businesses support the Pure Food and Drug Act?
They understood that greater public confidence in the quality of the products helped their sales.
What was the aim of Carlisle, a boarding school for Indians?
To civilize the Indians, making them "American," as whites defined the term.
How were federal troops used in the Pullman Strike of 1894?
To help suppress the strikers on behalf of the owners.
Why was "the city" the focus of Progressive politics?
Urban populations experienced the most dramatic growth and the most significant changes.
The ascendancy of the American Federation of Labor during the 1890s reflected:
a shift from broad reform goals to more limited goals.
Electoral reform during the Progressive era:
actually limited many Americans' right to vote.
The Industrial Workers of the World:
advocated a workers' revolution.
In the 1890s, the National American Woman Suffrage Association:
argued that native-born white women's votes would counteract the "ignorant foreign vote."
In Muller v. Oregon, the Supreme Court:
argued that women were too weak to work long hours.
"New immigrants":
arrived in large numbers from the Russian and the Austro-Hungarian empires.
The word "Progressivism" came into common use around 1910:
as a way of describing a loosely defined political movement.
President Theodore Roosevelt:
believed that the president should be an honest broker in labor disputes.
The Triangle Shirtwaist fire:
brought in its wake much-needed safety legislation.
Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller:
built up giant corporations that dominated their respective markets.
The Social Gospel:
called for an equalization of wealth and power.
William Jennings Bryan:
called for the unrestricted minting of silver money.
Asian and Mexican immigrants in the early twentieth century:
clustered in the West as agricultural workers.
The 1894 Pullman Strike:
crippled national rail service and triggered the arrest of union president Eugene V. Debs.
In his Atlanta speech of 1895, Booker T. Washington
encouraged blacks to adjust to segregation.
In the first decade of the twentieth century, American farm communities:
entered a "golden age" because of rising urban demand for farm goods.
One significant economic impact of the second industrial revolution was:
frequent and prolonged economic depressions.
After 1900, the campaign for women's suffrage:
included both middle- and working-class women.
The severe depression of 1893:
led to increased conflict between capital and labor.
All of the following factors contributed to explosive economic growth during the Gilded Age EXCEPT:
low tariffs.
The Progressive movement drew its strength from:
middle-class reformers.
The Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU):
moved from demanding prohibition to pushing for women's suffrage.
Newspaper and magazine writers who exposed the ills of industrial and urban life, fueling the Progressive movement, were known as:
muckrakers.
The Indian victory at the Little Bighorn:
only temporarily delayed the advance of white settlement.
The Progressive governor of Wisconsin, Robert M. La Follette, instituted all of the following reforms EXCEPT:
promising lower taxes and less government interference.
To create national parks like Yellowstone, Yosemite, and Glacier, the federal government:
removed Indians who hunted and fished on these lands.
Plessy v. Ferguson:
sanctioned racial segregation.
The second industrial revolution was marked by:
the acceleration of factory production and increased activity in the mining and railroad industries.
The Supreme Court in Lochner v. New York:
voided a state law establishing that bakers could work a maximum of sixty hours per week.
The Ghost Dance:
was a religious revitalization campaign among Indians, feared by whites.
The Knights of Labor:
was an inclusive organization that advocated for a vast array of reforms.
American expansionism after the 1890s:
was largely driven by the desire for expanded overseas trade.
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882:
was the first time race was used to exclude an entire group of people from entering the United States.
"Liberal" reformers of the Gilded Age believed:
wealth inequality was inevitable in modern society.
Elections during the Gilded Age:
were closely contested affairs.
Journalists who worked for newspapers like William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal, which sensationalized events to sell papers, were called:
yellow journalists.