Exam #1 Dev Psych
has recommended that ________ to reduce the risk of SIDS.
Infants be placed to sleep on their back
What is the foundation needed for gross motor skills to learn to walk?
Locomotion and postural control
By two years of age, children have reached about ________ of their adult weight and about ________ of their adult height.
1/2 Height, 1/5 Weight
The United States currently allows up to ________ weeks of ________ leave for caring for a newborn.
12; unpaid
By the time they enter first grade, it is estimated that children know about ________ words.
14,000
by the end of meiosis, each egg or sperm has _____ chromosomes
23 UNPAIRED
According to John Bowlby, at what age do infants/children begin to take into consideration the feelings of others before acting?
24+ months
In the first several days of life, most newborns lose ________ of their body weight before they adjust to feeding by sucking, swallowing, and digesting.
5-7%
Showing at point starts around
8-12 months
________ occurs when children adjust their schemes (accomodate new new info) to take new information and experiences into account.
Accommodation
Joey shot up in height over the past year, has developed a deeper voice, facial hair, preoccupied with the pursuit of independence and identity and is spending more time with friends and less with family. Which of the following periods of development is this?
Adolescene
_____ processes refer to changes in the individual's thought, intelligence, and language
Cognitive
The fiber that carries signals away from the neuron's cell body is called a(n):
Axon
Changes in motor skills, nutrition, exercise, the hormonal changes of puberty, and cardiovascular decline are all examples of _____ processes that affect development.
Biological
The younger the person's _____ age, the longer the person is expected to live, regardless of chronological age.
Biological (not actual age)
Physical connect between parents and newborn
Bonding
Which is true of children in the preschool years?
Boys have more muscle tissue and girls have more fatty tissue
For years, debate has focused on whether breast feeding is better for the infant than bottle feeding. The growing consensus is that:
Breast feeding is better for the baby's health
Haleigh has learned that when she waves her hands and smiles to show happiness, others around her show happiness, too. This adaptive interaction demonstrates the role of emotions in:
Cognition??
Darren was in a car accident and has suffered brain damage. He can understand what people are saying to him, but he has trouble speaking words in response. Darren has damage to his:
Broca
Which of the following statements about emotions is TRUE?
Children who are blind from birth show the same facial expressions as children who can view others' facial expressions.
Lauren wants to open her birthday gift before people arrive for her party, but she knows she shouldn't. Rather than stay in the room with the present, she decides to go in another room and play. Lauren is demonstrating:
Cognitive flexibility (ability to shift attention from one subject to another)
________ are cognitive groupings of similar objects, events, people, or ideas.
Concepts
Dr. Wong is a cognitive developmental theorist, so we know that he will stress the importance of _____ in understanding development
Conscious thoughts
What did Harlow's experiments on monkeys reared by surrogate mothers show regarding the attachment process?
Contact comfort is the crucial element regardless of the age of the monkey.
_____ encompasses the behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation.
Culture
Caregivers of ________ babies often neglect or physically abuse them.
Disorganized
In general, conservation involves the ability to understand that changes in physical arrangement or appearance:
Do NOT change an object's basic properties
In some cases, one gene of a pair always exerts its effects, overriding the potential influence of the other gene. This is the _____ principle.
Dominant- recessive
caregiver who provides continuous physical, emotional, and educational support for the mother before, during, and after childbirth
Doula
4 weeks into pregnanacy is what stage
Embryonic
Janelle, a college student volunteering at a local preschool, noticed that one child started to stand without holding on to furniture, then others quickly started to develop the same skills. This motivation to create new patterns of movement is best explained by the:
Environmental sequential theory
Which is true of studies of height in children from around the world?
Ethnic origin is a stronger predictor than socioeconomic status
_____ psychology emphasizes the importance of adaptation, reproduction, and "survival of the fittest" in shaping behavior
Evolutionary
Which of the following statements is TRUE about brain development?
Extensive brain development continues after birth, through infancy and later.
In the development of language and thought
External speech precedes internal speech (E B4 I)
_____ is a stage in reproduction whereby an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell
Fertilization
a B-complex vitamin that promotes normal prenatal development and reduces the risk of preterm deliveries
Folic acid
A sensitive, responsive approach for a caregiver to take regarding feeding small children includes all of these EXCEPT:
Forcing children to eat particular foods
Mother should NOT breast feed it
If she has AIDS
Most likely to develop X linked gene
Males
The _____ is a layer of the embryo, which will become the circulatory system, bones, Muscles, Excretory System, and reproductive system.
Mesoderm
The THEORY of ________ refers to awareness of presence and distinction between one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.
Mind
Psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, neuroscientists, and medical researchers all share an interest in unlocking the mysteries of development through the life span. This indicates how development is:
Multidisciplinary
form of self-talk is used for self-regulation, keeping himself focused on his task. Developmentalists call this:
Private speech
Heather is shown a teddy bear. The teddy bear is then hidden from her. Heather searches for the teddy bear. This shows that Heather has developed a sense of:
Object permeanence
imitation or modeling of behavior mirrors the concept of _____ in Bandura's social cognitive theory.
Observational learning
five stages of psychosexual development described in Freud's theory of development in order
Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital (OAPLG)
Piaget's concept of grouping (KEY WORD) isolated behaviors into a higher-order system is called:
Organization
What types of behaviors in caregivers create a sense of shame and doubt in children?
Overprotectiveness and criticism
If her (BMI) is in the 95th percentile. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, she would be classified as:
Overweight
Rachel loves to read books and also encourages her daughter to read by regularly taking her to the local library and buying her lots of books. Rachel's daughter is now an avid reader. This reflects a(n) _____ correlation.
Passive genotype-environment
When infants watch an object while exploring it manually and discover information about the object's texture, size, and hardness, they are exhibiting:
Perceptual motor coupling
Which of the following is the best course of action to prevent baby from contracting the disease when pregnant?
Perform cesarean section
__ meets the capacity for change
Plasticity
Adjusting speech to communicate with a two-year-old, a same-aged peer, or an adult shows an understanding of ________.
Pragmatics (context in which you are using the language)
Which of the following plays a key role in planning and organizing new actions and maintaining attention to tasks?
Prefrontal cortex
One reason older children and adults have difficulty recalling events from their infant and early childhood years is that during these years the ________ of the brain are immature.
Prefrontal lobes
The second Piagetian stage of development is the ________ stage, which lasts from approximately ________ years of age.
Preoperational; 2-7
_____ theories describe development as primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion.
Psychoanalytic
Engaging in face-to-face play primarily promotes an infant's ________ development.
Psychosocial
The theory that was created by Erik Erikson is known as the _____ theory of development.
Psychosocial
As parents change their emotional expressions in response to their infants, the infants also modify their emotional expressions in response. These mutually regulated responses are described as:
Reciprocal or synchronous
________ are built-in reactions to stimuli; they govern the newborn's movements, which are automatic and beyond the newborn's control.
Reflexes
Three-month-old Zoey looks up at her mother and smiles. Researchers call this type of smiling:
Reflexive (not in response)
highest causes of infant death in the United States with nearly 2,000 infant deaths annually attributed to it?
SIDS
When adults are working with young children, they often provide a lot of hints, assistance, instructions, and other support to help the children succeed. As the children demonstrate they can do more for themselves, the adults begin to withdraw these supports. This technique is called: (kid playing soccer example)
Scaffolding
Mariposa is in the Strange Situation; she moves freely away from her mother but keeps track of where she is through periodic glances. She would most likely be classified as:
Securely attached (explore the room, friendly positive interaction when reestablished)
Researchers have had mothers put a dot of rouge on the noses of babies and place the babies in front of mirrors to see their reaction. These researchers are studying the concept of:
Sense of self
Irene is taking a test where she hears a random list of numbers, which she is then asked to repeat in the right order. Irene's ________ memory is being tested.
Short term
a national government's course of action designed to promote the welfare of its citizen
Social policy
changes in the individual's relationships with other people, changes in emotions, and changes in personality
Socioemotional process
FIRST organ to develop in prenatal
Spinal cord
Results of a smoker having baby
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
_____ genes are those that make the individual more vulnerable to specific diseases or acceleration of aging
Susceptibility
During the ________ substage, children begin to use language more effectively and engage in PRETEND (KEYY) play.
Symbolic function
Vygotsky's theory emphasizes how _____ guide(s) cognitive development.
culture and social interaction
Which of the following is TRUE about Head Start programs?
They only provide for low-income families (Gov funded project to provide these children with the same learning opportunities)
The Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program provides all of the following EXCEPT:
Transportation
Children in smoking household are NOT likely to have
Weight issues
socioeconomic status (SES)
a person's position within society based on occupational, educational, and economic characteristics
Brad is an athletic boy who is on every sports team in school. Stephen loves math and is part of his school's math club. These instances reflect _____ correlations that occur when children seek out environments that they find compatible and stimulating.
active (niche-picking) genotype-environment
Development can be defined as the pattern of movement or change that:
begins at conception and continues through the human life span
nature vs nuture issue
biological vs environmental inheritances
The ________ model involves connections across domains, and over time, that influence developmental pathways and outcomes
developmental cascade
________ motor skills involve large-muscle activities, such as moving one's arms and walking.
gross
According to many developmental psychologists, soothing a crying infant will:
help the infant develop a secure attachment to the caregiver.
genome-wide association method usage
identify genetic variations linked to particular disease
In the Strange Situation, Cameron did not explore the playroom, clung to his mother when she was in the room, and was very upset when she left the room. When she returned, he appeared to be ambivalent—both wanting to be comforted by his mother and pushing her away when she attempted to do so. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Cameron as:
insecure resistant (clings anxiously, but fights back when reestablished)
The research on fathers as caregivers indicates that fathers:
interact with their babies in different ways, depending on whether they are the primary caregiver
John Bowlby argued that infants are biologically predisposed to form attachments, and by working through the phases they will develop a(n) ________ model of attachment.
internal working
Apgar scale good for
measuring newborn's ability to react to stress (of delivery)
Period of time from conception to birth
prenatal
a behaviorist would argue that the most important things that shape development are:
reward and punishment
A mother hands her baby a rattle, saying, "Here you are." She then gently takes the rattle away, smiling and saying, "Thank you." She does this repeatedly, letting the baby keep the rattle for several seconds each time and encouraging the baby to offer the rattle. Eventually, the baby takes the rattle, holds it for a few seconds, and then holds it out to her mother and smiles. This is an example of:
scaffoling (turn taking interactions between parent and child)
In preschool, most girls are ___ the boys.
slightly smaller than
Shelby has adjusted to the observation that his daughter, Drew, is a ________. Drew is much quieter than most of the other children, watches more than she plays, and doesn't show happiness as much as the others.
slow-to-warm (low activity level, somewhat negative, low intensity of mood)
The development of ________ helps infants interpret ambiguous situations more accurately, as when they encounter a stranger.
social referencing
Maternal obesity can lead to
stillbirth, extreme preterm delivery, diabetes
Two arteries and one vein
umbilical cord
