Exam #1 Festival and Event Tourism

CULTURAL TOURISM

- behaviors, arts, beliefs, food, and clothing -is the totality of socially transmitted behavior, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought characteristics of a community. It is a style of social and artistic expression characteristic of a society.

publicity

-"advertising that is free" -Non-biased perception as you have media coverage --Press Release and follow-up are crucial! -very low cost -not always something you need to seek out

3. Construction Document Phase

-Drawings arranged in a logical sequence -Plans, elevations, sections, and details that are free of superfluous information -Drawings drawn to scale and dimensioned accurately -Drawings and specifications that describe, locate, dimension, and identify physical properties, performance characteristics,and sources of supply OBJECTIVE- TO DEPICT GRAFICALLY THE CHARACTERISTICS AND EXTENT OF THE PROJECT WHEN IT IS READY FOR CONSTRUCTION PROVIDING ALL THE INFO TO PREPARE THE BID

ch 4 financial management

-Not all events are profit oriented...maybe we want to promote something -The aim of financial management is for ALL expenses to be recovered at the time of the event

cruise ship tourism

A growing industry...room for more experiences Cruise ships offer tourists all the conveniences and attractions of an luxurious lifestyle

festivals

A type of event focused on entertainment.....usually a celebration of some sort, in a community

visitor def.

A visitor is a traveler taking a trip to a main destination outside his/her usual environment -For less than a year; for any main purposeother than employment

gambling tourism

Activities associated with gambling and casino tourism:

adventure tourism

Adventure destinations present various degrees of risk to the individual

site analysis

Analysis determines physical/financial feasibility -Results of the analysis must conform to GOVERNMENT STANDARDS and REGULATIONS -Civil and environmental engineers conduct the physiographic survey of the site -Dimensions; human-made structures -Topography; surface vegetation; wetlands -Human-made structures -Others conduct(4): traffic impact in circulation study, required environmental study, community impact study, and analyzing issues concerning zoning ordinance and land use

types of festivals

Art Film Food & Beverage(Wine) Music Religious Seasonal

ecotourism

Ecotourism is a reminder for tourists of whyour earth is a very special and fragile place.And why we must protect it!

entertainment tourism

Entertainment tourism differs from cultural tourism by the type of experience offered

THEME/AMUSEMENT PARK TOURISM

Exploring the world of fantasy is a distinct form of tourism

image/branding

First stage of process -Name, logo & image -Image + Logo = Branding --If you use sponsors...you must obtain permission (sensitive) -Slogans are sometimes developed -Color scheme is carried throughout -Consistency is important

fixed/variable costs (controllable vs. uncontrollable)

Fixed = generally do not vary (Ex: Rent, fees, etc) - uncontrollable Variable = rise as attendees increase (Ex: F&B) - controllable

SPECIAL INTEREST TOURISM

Focuses on a particular interest and experience chosen by the tourist Selective and often personalized

events

Gathering of people for a common purpose (i.e. to network, to learn, to have fun)

press release

Guidelines - our events are smaller...so a press release to a local paper/radio will suffice -Appeal in first 2 sentences -List all the facts - who, what, when, why, where (i.e., ready to go article) -Contact details -Reason for event -Benefits to participation -Post on event/festival website or social media -Press Releases can cover damaging incidents as well...

heritage and nostalgia tourism

Heritage tourism is exploring one's family heritage—sometimes referred to as diaspora tourism Nostalgia tourism is about celebrating an event that left an imprint in the minds of its participants

sports tourism

Huge business with very large events (e.g., World Cup, Olympics) Participatory and spectator sports bring tourists from long distances

cash flow

In summary, monthly expenses and projected revenue need to be entered into a spreadsheet to establish how cash flow can best be managed. A funding crisis, just days before an event, is not uncom- mon in this industry.

email marketing

Inexpensive and effective way of marketing the tourism product -Offers several advantages over other types of online media -Messages can be personalized, content customized and deliver up-to-date information -Messages can stay in the recipient's inboxuntil they are read, stored, or deleted -Effectiveness can be measured preciselyand instantly

direct/push marketing

Information is sent to the customer withouthis or her request Traditional media almost exclusively use this techniques Incentives for those "pushing"

what questions should be asked?

Is the aim to make a profit? --Charity events? --Donated goods and services (how does this complicate things?) How much will it cost? --Keeping track of incurred costs --(Ex: Fees, equipment, rentals, advertising, insurance, etc) Where is revenue coming from How many tickets to break even --What other questions need to be asked? What is the cash-flow situation -How are most events unique? How do we avoid fraud? -Collecting money on the day of the event? How would you avoid shrinkage?

feasibility keys to success

Is the event a good idea? --Why are you holding it? Do we have the skills to plan and run the event -Time, commitment, and energy? -Does the community support it?-Size is a factor... -Do we have the required infrastructure? --Don't forget about parking! -Can we get a venue we can afford? -Will it attract an audience?/Media support Is it financially viable? Is the criteria for success viable?

mass marketing

Motivating people to travel is key to traditional tourism mass marketing

pro-poor tourism

Paying greater attention to the role tourism development can play in reducing poverty

CONFERENCE & CONVENTION TOURISM

People attending business events often sample the pleasures of the location (Business and pleasure can mix!!)

Negative results in these types of tests and analyses could cancel or alter the project, including a search for an alternative site.

Physiographic Survey - vegetation/topography/wetlands AND Geotechnical Survey - landforms/surface features/parcel shape

price

Price is the amount of money charged for a good or service. Price is the sum of the values consumers exchange for the benefits of having or using the product or service. The only marketing mix element that produces revenue. Product, Place, Promotion represent cost. Changing too much chases away potential customers, charging too little cuts revenue

project management

Project starts with: o Tourism development planner --> helps expand idea o Owner/ Developer o Real estate broker the project team is then expanded to include: -Architect; civil consultants -Electrical and structural consultants -Mechanical and HVAC consultants -Landscape consultants -Construction contractor

Ch 13 UNWTO FINISH THIS SECTION

Promotes the development of responsible, sustainable, and universally accessible tourism pays particular attention to sustaining the best interests of underdeveloped countries the objective is to contribute to: -economic development -international understanding -peace, prosperity, and universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms

feasibility

Questions need to be asked about... -The financial viability of the idea -The demographics of the audience -The infrastructure required -Potential risks -Public support -Evaluation -How can we measure success? -Profits and/or community support

motivation

Response to these promotions follows 3 stages: -Cognitive stage ==Attention; awareness; perception -Affective stage ==Interest; liking; intention -Behavioral stage ==Action; purchase; trial; adoption The customer must be motivated in some way to make a purchase (i.e., travel somewhere)!

ch 5 types of risk

Risk management is the process of identifying such risks, assessing these risks, and managing these risks.

shopping tourism

Shopping and acquiring goods and services is one of the pleasurable activities of tourism

health and medical tourism

The medicinal qualities of thermal baths and mud baths are believed to cure many degenerative diseases: -Arthritis; neuralgia; herniated disks -Nervous disorders and circulatory problems Usually, an adjacent hotel with full facilities provides overnight accommodation Activities associated with health tourism: -Receiving—medical treatment, beauty treatment, health treatment -Related sightseeing while on trips to receive medical treatment -Other—e.g., related dining and visiting friends while on medical trips

GENERAL SIGHTSEEING TOURISM

The tourism experience depends on the modeof locomotion - how ppl travel effects what they see. For example if traveling in car you see the sights different then if you are walking -Activities associated with general sightseeing: Riding—train, car, bus, ship, airplane, helicopter Walking—street, trail Observing—rural, urban, coastal, desert, mountain and other scenery Sensing—smell, touch, sound Other—e.g., comparing daily experienceswith those of other tourists

advertising

This is the second element...decides on what is the best way to reach (and inform) your selected market...based on where he/she lives -Print -Radio/TV - local vs national -Direct mail -Billboards -Brochures -Internet --Cost is the biggest issue

demonstrate effect of Tourism

Tourism has great potential for providing exposure to different cultures Applies both to traveling tourists and to receiving host populations at the destination Interaction between the two portrays norms, values, social structure, and social organization of both social structure, The demonstration effect can take place spontaneously or it can be planned spontaneously

subsets

Tourism is therefore a subset of travel,and visitors are a subset of travelers

primary/selective demand

Tourism promotion stimulates primary and selective demand. Promotion for primary demand refers to encouraging the demand for the product itself, like choosing specific airlines and hotels. Promotion for selective demand is about differentiating the product from the competition. The response to these promotions by target audience follows three stages: • Cognitive stage: Attention, awareness, perception • Affective stage: Interest, liking, intention • Behavioral stage: Action, purchase, trial, adoption

tourism definition

Tourism refers to the activity of visitors (stems from refers to the activity of visitors (stems from Leisure/Recreation)

UNWTO plays a catalytic role in:

United nations world tourism organization -promoting technology transfers and international cooperation -stimulating/ developing public-private sector partnerships -encouraging the implementation of

volunteer tourism

Volunteer tourism is often associated with international humanitarian programs

importance of weather

Weather is the greatest risk for us in event management •Hurts ticket sales• Limits activities •Could cause logistical issues...(e.g., flooding) •Sours the mood of customers

balance sheet

What a business is worth at a certain point in time --Assets - liabilities --What's the issue with the event's industry? Most of our assets are _______ ?

licensing

a. This might be the liquor licensing and this covers the age of drinkers, the venue, and the situations (for example, the meals) with which alcoholic drinks can be served as well as the legal hours of alcholo service. b. Need to be correctly labeled and sold in legal meausres c. Sign must say offense to sell or supply to minors d. Licensee must be able to show that reasonable steps (including requests for indetification) have been taken to ensure that minors have not been served alcholo

safety and security

accidents, terrorism, and riots

The project idea has been verified, and the market demand/financial analysis completed, what's next?

acquiring the land

break even analysis

chart

E-commerce

e-Commerce—a subset of the Internet for commercial purposes Services carry information on tourism products and services, allow financial exchanges, and communication

T/F: At the project level, discussions involving macroeconomic issues, national laws, and local regulations should be addressed?

false

stakeholders- Police, ems, mayor's office

i. Police (protect cash and crowd) 1. city will dictate the number of officers that you will need based on number of ppl 2. Tell police about traffic ii. EMS(emergency service (paramedicas and fire palns) 1. Alert fire chief ten days to two weeks prior to event. 2. Depending on the size of event and crowed the local deparmtnet will determine how many paramedics and other employees need to be on hand. 3. If general public invited then this normally covered by city 4. If doing athletic activities then should contact your local hospital and rec cross iii. Mayor's Office

the principle product of LDCs

tourism is the PRINCIPLE PRODUCT of 83% united nations world tourism organization - 49 LDCs

T/F: Every tourism project has to go through a permit process administered by local government authorities

true

Project Planning and Control Systems (PP&CSs)

used by government agencies and private developers for tracking planning/execution of tourism projects at the AT THE LOCAL LEVEL

copyrights

viii. Music copyright: need to get permission to use music done in two ways (1. Go through performing rights orgniazation that represent song writers and publishers. The fees, although nominal, recognize the copyright and commercial value of music. The fees vary according to the use of the music -from back- ground music, live performances, music played at free or benefit con- certs, etc.-| the second way is to obtain persmission directly to the owner of the copyright for each specific music

the objectives of PP &CS are to:

• Establish for the executing agency a master business plan for executing projects and updat- ing them • Provide the executing agency with a work breakdown for following the progress of its projects • Provide the executing agency with periodic appraisals of project performance against the formal plan concerning scope, schedule, and costs • Provide a common database of planning and control information ensuring consistent understanding and communication concerning the projects

the pp and cs tries to accomplish the following:

• Facilitate the planning and control functions in a disciplined, consistent, and orderly manner • Provide the means to track the costs and performance of any element of the work breakdown • Provide the executing agency an early warning system for identifying potential problems before they become serious • Provide the executing agency the flexibility for making planning and control adjustments and taking corrective actions as needed

the principle features of the pp&cs are:

• It uses proven project management techniques in a coordinated, systematic manner. • It provides a coding structure that facilitates comparison of scope and cost relationships within the plan. • It contains systematic summaries making the proper degree of detail available to the exe- cuting agency.

sporting event risks

•Attendees --Baseball bats/balls --Pacers/Pistons brawl participants --ex-monica sales •Animals •Temporary fencing, staging, and seating -- structural Engineer consultation recommended

legal risks

•Contract disputes (Event Organizer vs Client/Sub-contractor)

financial risks

•Unanticipated costs/revenues •Fraud or fines •Cash flow issues

natural disasters

•Weather (including acts of nature) •Flooding - temporary structures, electrical, etc

technology risks

•Y2K, 2013 Superbowl, The 2016 Grammys

P&L (profit and loss) statement

-Prepared after the event (a given period) -Should match the budget (the financial plan) -Gross revenue, costs of goods sold, gross profit, overhead costs, operating profit, net profit

public relations

-Role is to manage the image of the organization and event -Very important with any negative incidents -Entertaining VIP guests is PR --You need to know the reason why your organization is acting as host...as agreements have usually been made

2. Design Development Phase

-Site plan indicating the general location and nature of site improvements -Plans, elevations, sections, and schedules for fixing the architectural, structural, mechanical, and electrical systems -Outline of specifications -Updated statement of probable construction costs objective-TO FIX AND DESCRIBE THE SIZE AND CHARACTER OF THE PROJECT ANYTHING THAT NEEDS TO BE FIX, MORE VISUALS

1. Schematic Design Phase

-Site plan, with diagrammatic drawings showing the relationships of project parts -Small-scale line drawings of principal floor plans -General description of the project -Statement of the probable project construction cost -objective--IS TO ASSIST THE CLIENT AND UNDERSTANDING THE PROJECTS PROGRAM I-LLUSTRATE THINGS (VISUALY) AND DETERMINE THE FEASIBILITY OF THE PROJECTS

SWOT Analysis

-Strength =internal to org -Weakness= internal to org -Opportunities = external favorable things -Threats= external competition or risks Key - improve/maximize the strengths and opportunities, and mitigate weaknesses/threats (contingency plans are a MUST)

budget

-part of the initial planning stage -must be completed prior to event -must anticipate revenues/expenditures --net profit or net loss -contractor & supplier quotes included Is part of the event proposal or the basis of the initial quote by the EMC to the client

the three phases

1. the schematic design phase 2. the design development phase 3. the construction document phase

state, regional, local levels marketing assistance

At the state, regional, and provincial levels, advanced market economies have established large, relatively well-financed tourism promotion organizations. Convention bureaus, hotel and restaurant associations, regional tourism promotion organizations, and chambers of commerce all vie for tourist dollars and promote their areas and trades. State governments may have a tourism bureau attached to one of their departments. Provincial or state governments appropri- ate annual tourism promotion budgets. Some government agencies are financed by dedicated funds from a tourism revenue source such as a hotel tax. Some of the funds are channeled to regional and local tourism promotion groups in the form of grants. The primary function of these bureaus and groups is to distribute public information on tourism in their areas to the gen- eral traveling public. They may have official kiosks in central locations like airports and interstate highway stops for providing tourism information. Hotels, restaurants, and other tourist facilities visited by tourists distribute literature about attractions and facilities.

types of events

Charitable and Fund Raising Corporate= Conferences, product launches, team building parties Private= Weddings, Bar Mitzvahs Political Sport= Olympics, World Cup, Super Bowl, World Series

general interest tourism

Consists of an array of unsolicited experiences Does not focus on a particular interest or experience not demanded by tourists

camping and rv tourism

The essence of camping and RVing is carrying ones own overnight accommodation and living quarters while engaging in tourism activities

feasibility study

The feasibility study may be limited to a financial analysis verifying the: -Development costs -Operational expenses and revenues -Profitability of the proposed venture It may be expanded into a business plan covering: -Market analysis; corporate objectives -Participants and their shares **Important to note: creating a new tourism venture is a matter of solid business judgment...but creativity is very important in the process.

federal/state/local

i.Federal Government (Federal Law)>> State Government (Laws of States) >>Local Government (Regulations) (Counties, Cities, Towns) ii. There are laws and regulations at each of these levels that may require compliance iv.First place to start is at local level v.Local gov acts and regulations 1.The size of the event largely determines the detail required in the submission, since smaller events tend to have a lower impact on the community. 2.If event covers more than one jurisdiction, additional proposal may need to be submitted 3.May need building of permanent structure all necessary building permits would be required 4.Application for the use of the premises and property fro entertainment may also be necessary 5.Plans would need to be developed for the erection of temporary structures and approval would need ot be sought for them 6.Approavals required by most cites are a.Loudspeakers or amplies in public spaces b.Installing amusement devisces c.Signing or provding entertainment in public places d.Using a building or structure for entertainment e.Building a tempraroy structure. f.City councils are also very concerned about cleaning programs during and after the event, noise and disturbance of local residents, and traffic management

the process of developing a tourist attraction or facility starts with an ...

idea

workers comp

is obligatory, covers treat- ment and rehabilitation of injured workers. Volunteers and spectators are not covered,

mismanagement

people-related problems

feasibility cont'd

planning = 12-18 months look at chart on ppt