exam 1
Autoimmunity can result from all of the following hypersensitivities except:A) type I.B) type II.C) type III.D) type IV.
A
Edema can result from all of the following alterations except:A) decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure.B) decreased capillary oncotic pressure.C) lymphatic obstruction.D) increased capillary membrane permeability
A
Free radical injury can be caused by all of the following factors except:A) tissue damage by antioxidants.B) radiation injury.C) tissue reperfusion following ischemia.D) enzymatic metabolism of chemicals.
A
The predominant antibody of a typical secondary immune response is:A) IgG.B) IgM.C) IgE.D) IgA.
A
n compensatory hyperplasia, growth factors stimulate cell division in response to:A) tissue loss.B) decreased hormonal stimulation.C) ischemia.D) puberty.
A
An error in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis is termed:A) aneuploidy.B) nondisjunction.C) polyploidy.D) anaplasia.
B
If a person is exposed to antigen X and is later exposed to antigen X again, which of the following immune responses will occur?A) PrimaryB) SecondaryC) DeterminantD) Immunosuppressive
B
People who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease; this is because of the genetic principle of:A) penetrance.B) expressivity.C) dominance.D) recessiveness.
B
The condition in which the immune cells attack the individual's own tissues as if they were invaders is called:A) alloimmunity.B) autoimmunity.C) hypersensitivity.D) graft rejection.
B
Which of the following features is characteristic of a type IV hypersensitivity?A) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated toxicityB) Delayed responseC) Usually life-threateningD) Mediated by the complement system
B
Humoral immunity is generated through the process of:A) direct cell lysis.B) stimulating an inflammatory response.C) producing antibodies.D) secreting toxic molecules.
C
Molecules that are capable of inducing an immune response are called:A) lymphocytes.B) haptens.C) antigens.D) antibodies.
C
The most common cause of Down syndrome is:A) paternal nondisjunction.B) maternal translocations.C) maternal nondisjunction.D) paternal translocations.
C
The outward manifestation of a disease, often influenced by both genes and the environment, is called the disease:A) genotype.B) allele.C) phenotype.D) dominance.
C
What type of immunity is conferred when an individual is given a vaccine?A) Natural immunityB) Passive acquired immunityC) Active acquired immunityD) Alloimmunity
C
What type of reaction occurs when the body mounts an aggressive response against an organ transplanted from another person?A) Type I hypersensitivityB) AutoimmuneC) AlloimmuneD) Immunosuppressive
C
When a person has an allergic reaction to bee stings, which antibody causes the life-threatening hypersensitivity response?A) IgMB) IgAC) IgED) IgG
C
Which of the following hypersensitivity reactions involves the formation of antigen-antibody (immune) complexes that get deposited on vessel walls or in extravascular tissue?A) Type IB) Type IIC) Type IIID) Type IV
C
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the following?A) XYB) XXC) XYYD) XXY
D
A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with lobar pneumonia (lung infection). Which of the following exudates would be present in highest concentration at the site of this advanced inflammatory response?A) SerousB) PurulentC) HemorrhagicD) Fibrinous
D
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is associated with:A) penetrance.B) recurrence risk.C) expressivity.D) delayed age of onset.
D
A positive tuberculin skin test for detecting the presence of tuberculosis is indicative of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?A) Type IB) Type IIC) Type IIID) Type IV
D
Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene.A) X-linked dominantB) X-linked recessiveC) autosomal dominantD) autosomal recessive
D
If a person has resistance to a disease from natural exposure to an antigen, the person has which form of immunity?A) NaturalB) InnateC) Passive acquiredD) Active naturally acquired
D
Joey, age 9, is admitted to a pediatric unit with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. He inherited this condition through a:A) sex-linked dominant trait.B) sex-influenced trait.C) sex-limited trait.D) sex-linked recessive trait.
D
Risk factors for Down syndrome include:A) fetal exposure to mutagens in the uterus.B) increased paternal age.C) family history of Down syndrome.D) pregnancy in women over age 35.
D
The most common cause of hypoxic injury is:A) free radicals.B) malnutrition.C) chemical toxicity.D) ischemia.
D
The most severe type I hypersensitivity response is:A) eczema.B) allergic rhinitis.C) serous otitis.D) anaphylaxis.
D
The primary cell of immunity is the:A) mast cell.B) macrophage.C) neutrophil.D) lymphocyte.
D
Which cell stimulates both the cell-mediated and humoral immune responses?A) Plasma cellsB) Cytotoxic T cellsC) B lymphocytesD) Helper T cells
D
Which is the main antibody transferred from a mother to an infant in breast milk?A) IgGB) IgMC) IgED) IgA
D
Which of the following exudates would be present in highest concentration at the site of a persistent bacterial infection?A) FibrinousB) SerousC) HemorrhagicD) Purulent
D
Which of the following is an example of an endogenous antigen?A) Poison ivyB) Injected medicationsC) PollenD) The body's own tissue
D
A 13-year-old girl has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present. Her condition is called:A) Down syndrome.B) Cri du chat syndrome.C) Turner syndrome.D) Edward syndrome
c
