EXAM 1 materal child
A 4-year-old child insists he has more money with a nickel than his father has with a dime. What is this perception, as described in Piaget's theory? a. Egocentrism b. Artificialism c. Animism d. Intuition
D
A 4-year-old child tells the nurse she will not eat peas because they are green. Of what is this an example? a. Egocentrism b. Artificialism c. Animism d. Centering
D
A mother calls the pediatrician's office because her infant is "colicky." What is the most helpful measure the nurse can suggest to the mother? a. Sing songs to the infant in a soft voice. b. Place the infant in a well-lit room. c. Walk around and massage the infant's back. d. Rock the fussy infant slowly and gently.
D
A mother is concerned because her 10-month-old infant is lethargic. What is the best action the nurse can advise this mother to implement? a. Keep the infant's room well lit. b. Rub the infant's soles vigorously. c. Offer the infant a pacifier. d. Handle the infant slowly and gently.
D
A mother tells the nurse, "My 11-month-old son is not as active as my other children were at this age. He is the youngest of four and the older children love to dote on him." Which factor is influencing this child's language development? a. Heredity b. Sex c. Mother's health during pregnancy d. Ordinal position
D
At a well-baby visit, parents of a 6-month-old infant ask when to take the infant for the first dental visit. What is the nurse's best response? a. "If the teeth are brushed regularly, the child should see a dentist by 3 years of age." b. "The first dental visit should be arranged after the first tooth erupts." c. "The child should have a dental examination when all deciduous teeth have erupted." d. "A dental visit by 1 year of age is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry."
D
How might the nurse demonstrate the parachute reflex with an infant? a. Lifting the infant high in the air above her head b. Holding the infant in a football hold, cradling the head c. Seating the infant in a stroller in an upright position d. Placing the infant downward into the crib
D
The nurse is assessing a 3-year-old toddler. What is the expected weight gain for this age child? a. 2 times the birth weight b. 2.5 times the birth weight c. 3 times the birth weight d. 4 times the birth weight
D
What does the nurse consider as an appropriate snack for a 2-year-old child? a. Hot dog sections b. Grapes c. Popcorn d. Applesauce
D
What does the nurse recognize as an example of Piaget's concrete operational thinking? a. A 2-year-old child says, "It's nighttime" when his room is darkened. b. A 4-year-old child refers to the hospital as "my house." c. A 5-year-old child coloring a picture of a puppy says, "This is my puppy." d. A 7-year-old child says, "I am sick because I have germs in my chest."
D
1. The nurse is talking with a parent about tooth eruption. What teeth will the nurse explain are the first deciduous teeth to erupt? a. Lower central incisors b. Upper central incisors c. Lower lateral incisors d. Upper lateral incisors
A
An infant's birth weight is 7 pounds, 8 ounces. What can the nurse project the weight to be at 6 months? a. 12 pounds b. 15 pounds c. 18 pounds d. 22 pounds
B
At what age does an infant's birth weight triple? a. 9 months b. 1 year c. 18 months d. 2 years
B
A 16-month-old child is attending a well-child visit at a pediatric clinic. Which assessment would indicate the biggest cause for concern? a. Does not walk independently b. Prefers finger feeding c. Limited to single words d. Is unable to climb steps
A
A father is concerned about how long his preschool-age child will continue sucking his thumb. What is the most helpful response from the nurse? a. "Most children will stop thumb-sucking naturally by school age." b. "Over-the-counter treatments that give a bad taste can be placed on the thumb to discourage the practice." c. "Consistently touching the child's fingers whenever he sucks his thumb is most effective." d. "Thumb-sucking is detrimental to the eruption of the child's teeth and must be stopped as soon as possibl
A
A mother tells her 4-year-old child that balls should be played with outside and not inside the house. Why is the child likely to obey the rule? a. The child does not want to be punished. b. The child wants to please her mother. c. The child respects authority figures. d. The child believes that following the rules is right
A
A new mother is voicing concern she is breastfeeding her newborn too frequently. How often does the nurse instruct this mother she should expect her newborn to feed? a. Every 2 to 3 hours b. Every 4 to 6 hours c. Every 6 to 8 hours d. Every 8 to 10 hours
A
Parents tell the nurse they are frustrated with their toddler's recent behavior and refusal to agree with anything they ask of them. What does the nurse explain as the term for when a toddler tests their own power? a. Negativism b. Dawdling c. Tantrums d. Food fads
A
The nurse encourages a Puerto Rican family to bring food to a child because he is not eating the food served on his hospital tray. What can the nurse expect the child to eat? a. Dried beans mixed with rice b. Crisp vegetables c. Spaghetti and meatballs d. Wild berries, roots, and seeds
A
The nurse has discussed with a mother the process of introducing solid foods to her 6-month-old infant. What statement by the mother leads the nurse to determine that learning has taken place? a. "I will give my infant rice cereal first." b. "I will give my infant yellow vegetables first." c. "I will give my infant egg yolks first." d. "I will give my infant fruits first."
A
The nurse is assessing a 1-year-old infant in the pediatric office. What finding should the nurse report to the physician immediately? a. Respiratory rate of 60 breaths/minute b. Pulse rate of 100 beats/minute c. Minimal verbalization d. Fussy behavior
A
The nurse is planning to explain the use of time-outs to the parent of a 3-year-old child. How many minutes will the nurse indicate is appropriate for a child of this age? a. 3 b. 6 c. 10 d. 15
A
The nurse observes a 10-month-old infant using her index finger and thumb to pick up pieces of cereal. What does this behavior indicate the infant has developed? a. The pincer grasp b. A grasp reflex c. Prehension ability d. The parachute reflex
A
The parent of a 3-month-old infant asks the nurse, "At what age do infants usually begin drinking from a cup?" What is the nurse's most accurate response? a. 5 months b. 9 months c. 1 year d. 2 years
A
The parents of a 4-year-old boy are concerned because they have noticed him frequently touching his penis. What knowledge would act as the basis for the nurse's response? a. This behavior indicates a normal curiosity about sexuality. b. Masturbation suggests the boy has an excessive fear of castration. c. It is usually a result of discomfort from a penile rash or irritation. d. The behavior is abnormal and the child should be referred for counseling.
A
What activity would the nurse choose to meet Erikson's developmental task of industry when caring for a 7-year-old child? a. Completing a 50-piece jigsaw puzzle b. Looking at a comic book c. Playing a game of "I Spy" with the nurse d. Coloring a picture in a coloring book
A
What guideline should an adult follow when speaking to a toddler? a. Be at eye level with the child. b. Hold by the shoulders to keep the child's attention. c. Seat the child to focus on conversation. d. Speak in a firm strong voice.
A
What is the most appropriate intervention when dealing with occasional aggression in a 4-year-old child? a. Have the child take a time-out in the corner for 4 minutes. b. Spank the child at the time of the incident. c. Take away television privileges for the day. d. Send the child to his room for 30 minutes.
A
What tasks would be appropriate to expect of a 5-year-old child? a. Setting the table with paper plates b. Washing the dirty knives c. Carrying glasses from the table to the sink d. Scrubbing out the sink with cleanser
A
How many hours should toddlers be able to stay dry for the nurse to suggest they are ready to begin bladder training? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
B
What would the nurse assessing growth and development of a 2-year-old child expect to find? a. The child jumps with both feet. b. Twenty deciduous teeth have erupted. c. The child can hop on one foot. d. The child has a vocabulary of 900 words.
A
What would the nurse further investigate when assessing patterns of growth in a child? a. Previous weight was in the 75th percentile, and present weight is in the 25th percentile. b. Height is in the 90th percentile, and weight is in the 75th percentile. c. Last weight was in the 5th percentile, and present weight is in the 10th percentile. d. Weight is in the 50th percentile, and sibling's weight at the same age was in the 75th percentile.
A
When does the posterior fontanelle close? a. 2 to 3 months b. 3 to 6 months c. 6 to 9 months d. 9 to 12 month
A
Why does day care for the toddler differ from that of the preschooler? a. Toddlers have a shorter attention span. b. Toddlers need more group play. c. Toddlers are less prone to environmental dangers. d. Toddlers require less outdoor space.
A
When selecting a potty chair, the parents are encouraged to select one that has which characteristic(s)? (Select all that apply.) a. Small enough for the child's feet to touch floor b. Sturdy and stable c. Supportive of child's back and arms d. Made of plastic or fiberglass e. Capable of being taken apart easily
A, B, C,
The nurse cautions that children who have unmet hunger needs will likely display which characteristic(s)? (Select all that apply.) a. Irritability b. Ineffective feeding patterns c. No predictable sleep-wake cycle d. Distrust e. Effective parent bonding
A, B, C, D
The nurse points out which physiological change(s) in the toddler that serve(s) as protection against disease? (Select all that apply.) a. Toughening of the skin b. Increased capillary response for thermoregulation c. Stabilization of body temperature d. Elevation in white blood cell count e. Enlarged adenoids and tonsils
A, B, C, E
What should the teaching plan include about infant fall precautions? (Select all that apply.) a. Remove all unsteady furniture. b. Keep crib rails up and in locked position. c. Steady infant with hand when on changing table. d. Use tray attachment on high chair as restraint. e. Keep infant seat on the floor while indoors.
A, B, C, E
Parents of a toddler are discussing the emotion of fear with the pediatric nurse. What information can the nurse offer regarding fear and the toddler? (Select all that apply.) a. Stress increases fear. b. Rituals help deal with fear. c. Teasing the child can decrease fear. d. Once fear is learned it is difficult to eliminate. e. Adults should openly share their fears.
A, B, D
The nurse is preparing to outline principles of discipline for parents of an infant. What information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) a. Firmly say "No." b. Distract the child to another activity. c. Bribe the child with a sweet treat. d. Remain consistent. e. Ignore the child until behavior improves.
A, B, D
How do children differ from adults? (Select all that apply.) a. Higher metabolic rate b. Greater surface area in relation to their weight c. Less mature organ systems d. More fluid reserves e. Continuously changing growth and development pattern
A,B, C, E,
On a home visit, the nurse notes that the parents require teaching intervention to protect the 15-month-old child who lives there. What observation would lead the nurse to this conclusion? a. The fireplace has a screen. b. The dining room table has a tablecloth on it. c. There are paintings on the wall. d. The kitchen floor is clean but not shiny.
B
The nurse caring for a 4-year-old postoperative patient instructs him to blow bubbles. What nursing intervention is the nurse most likely implementing by using this form of therapeutic play? a. Providing pain relief b. Encouraging deep breathing c. Decreasing risk of infection d. Maintaining body temperature
B
A mother reports that she and her husband have had one child together, but both have children from previous marriages living in their home. The nurse will base the care planning on what type of family? a. Nuclear b. Blended c. Alternate d. Extended
B
A parent brings a 6-month-old infant to the pediatric clinic for her well-baby examination. Her birth weight was 8 pounds, 2 ounces. What will the nurse weighing the infant today expect her weight to be? a. At least 12 pounds b. At least 16 pounds c. At least 20 pounds d. At least 24 pounds
B
A parent is concerned about her children's reaction should their grandmother die. What understanding will guide the nurse's response? a. Children are unlikely to notice their grandmother's absence if no one reminds them. b. Young children often understand that other people die, but do not equate it with themselves. c. The children's response will depend entirely on whether they have been acquainted with death before this. d. Children can understand the concept of a higher being much like adults can
B
A parent is concerned because her infant has a diaper rash. What is the best action the nurse would advise the parent to implement? a. Use commercial diaper wipes to clean the area. b. Apply a protective ointment on the area. c. Change the infant's diaper less frequently. d. Keep the diaper area covered all of the time.
B
A parent remarks, "My 18-month-old daughter carries her blanket around everywhere. Is this normal?" What is the best explanation a nurse who has an understanding of toddler development might give? a. She carries her blanket because she is ritualistic. b. Carrying her favorite blanket is self-consoling behavior. c. This behavior can be discouraged by offering new toys to the child. d. This could be indicative of emotional distress
B
The nurse discusses child-proofing the home for safety with the mother of a 9-month-old infant. Which statement made by the mother would indicate an unsafe behavior? a. "I put covers on all of the electrical outlets." b. "In the car, she rides in a front-facing car seat." c. "There are locks on all of the cabinets in the house." d. "I have a gate at the top and bottom of the stairs."
B
The nurse is planning anticipatory guidance for a caregiver of a preschool-age child. The nurse will explain that permanent teeth begin erupting at what age? a. 4 years old b. 6 years old c. 8 years old d. 10 years old
B
The nurse observed three toddlers playing side by side with dolls. Closer observation revealed that the children were not interacting with one another. What type of play is this? a. Solitary b. Parallel c. Associative d. Cooperative
B
The nurse observes that a 2-year-old toddler is able to use a spoon steadily at mealtime. What does self-feeding help to develop in the toddler? a. Good nutrition b. A sense of independence c. Adequate height and weight d. Healthy teeth
B
The parent of a 3 1 2 -year-old child tells the nurse, "My daughter points instead of speaking whenever she wants me to get something for her, but she understands me when I ask her to do something." Based on the parent's comment, what does the nurse suspect? a. Age-appropriate language development b. An expressive language delay c. A receptive language delay d. A potential hearing deficit
B
The parent of a toddler tells the nurse, "My daughter's appetite has decreased. Thank goodness she loves to drink milk." What is the most appropriate response by the nurse? a. "Has your daughter been sick recently?" b. "How much milk does she drink in a day?" c. "Has she become a fussy eater, too?" d. "Have you tried offering her finger foods?"
B
What does the nurse calculate the basal metabolic index (BMI) of an 8-year-old child who is 48 inches tall (1.2 meters) and weighs 100 pounds (45.4 kg) to be? a. 28.9 b. 32.4 c. 34.8 d. 37.6
B
What instruction would the nurse include when planning anticipatory guidance for parents of a toddler? a. Adhere to a rigid schedule because the toddler is ritualistic. b. Limit-setting should include praise. c. Shoes should fit snugly at the toe and arch. d. Dress the toddler in pants with a zipper so that he or she can learn to zip and unzip clothes.
B
What is the best advice the nurse can offer a parent concerned because her 2-year-old child is very active and does not eat much? a. Insist that the child eat one food on the plate. b. Help the child wind down with a quiet activity before mealtime. c. Maintain a consistent eating schedule for the family. d. Serve the meal with a variety of interesting plates, cups, and utensils.
B
What is the earliest age at which the infant should be able to walk independently? a. 8 to 10 months b. 12 to 15 months c. 15 to 18 months d. 18 to 21 months
B
What is the most appropriate toy for the nurse to select for a normal 2-year-old child? a. Bicycle with training wheels b. Dump truck c. Wind-up toy d. Building block set
B
What is the nurse's best advice to a parent about a preschooler's "imaginary friend"? a. Having imaginary friends is a sign that the child has low self-esteem. b. It is common for preschoolers to have imaginary friends. c. Preschoolers invent an imaginary friend when they feel overwhelmed. d. The best approach to dealing with an imaginary friend is to ignore them.
B
What would be an expected finding when assessing language development in a 2-year-old child? a. A 900-word vocabulary b. Use of two-word sentences c. Use of pronouns and prepositions d. 100% of speech is understandable
B
When a small group of preschool-age children were playing house, each child was pretending to be a particular family member. What type of play does the nurse recognize these children are participating in? a. Parallel b. Cooperative c. Symbolic d. Fantasy
B
When the nurse asks a 10-year-old Native American if he is ready to go to therapy, he does not answer immediately. How does the nurse interpret this response? a. Indecision b. Considering the answer in silence c. Shyness with strangers d. Fear of medical personnel
B
The nurse suggests offering which food(s) to support the toddler's desire to self-feed? (Select all that apply.) a. Pureed foods b. Finger foods c. Foods served cold d. Foods in colorful dishes e. Foods that are varied and colorful
B, D, E
The nurse suggests to the parents of an obese 10-year-old child that they use the Portion Plate for Kids place mat. How does this tool help with selection of portion sizes? (Select all that apply.) a. Cartoon characters eating healthy foods b. Tips on healthy food choices c. Portion measurement in tablespoons for common food d. Calorie values for cup-size portions of common foods e. Familiar objects such as a deck of cards to measure servings
B, E
A 3-year-old child, while playing with his favorite toy in the playroom of the pediatric unit, is approached by another child who also wants to play with the same toy. What behavior will the nurse anticipate from this child? a. Will play well with the other child. b. Will give the toy up and then not play anymore. c. Will become angry and a physical response might ensue. d. Will ignore the toy and go on to something else.
C
A preschool child is asked, "Why do trees have leaves?" Which response would be an example of animism? a. "So I can have shade over my sandbox." b. "Because God made them that way." c. "To hide behind when they are scared." d. "For the squirrels to play in."
C
An assessment of a child's nutritional status reveals the child is alert, with shiny hair, firm gums, firm mucous membranes, and regular elimination. How would this child's nutritional status be described? a. Overnourished b. Undernourished c. Well nourished d. Borderline
C
How does the nurse characterize the play of 5-year-old children? a. Enjoying rough and tumble play b. Playing well-organized games c. Following rules d. Preferring inside activities
C
How would the nurse advise a parent who states, "I never know how much food to feed my child"? a. Serving sizes should not exceed 1 teaspoon of each type of food. b. Food quantities must be carefully measured to avoid overfeeding. c. Use 1 tablespoon of each food for each year of age as a guideline. d. A toddler should eat three balanced meals. Snacks are not necessary
C
Parents of a 6-month-old infant ask the nurse why it is necessary to offer iron-rich formula to their child. What is the correct response? a. "The infant has limited ability to produce red blood cells." b. "The infant has ineffective digestive enzymes." c. "The infant has exhausted maternal iron stores." d. "The infant has need of the iron to support dentition."
C
The mother of a 7-month-old infant reports that the first lower central incisor has erupted. She asks the nurse, "How many teeth will he have by his first birthday?" The nurse explains that the infant will have how many teeth by 1 year of age? a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8
C
The mother of a 7-month-old infant states, "The baby is eating food now. Should I give him regular milk, too?" What is the nurse's best response? a. "You should give the baby low-fat milk." b. "Try the milk. See if he has any digestive problems." c. "Continue breast milk or iron-fortified formula until 1 year of age." d. "At this age, infants can tolerate lactose-free or soy-based milk."
C
The mother of a 7-year-old pediatric patient asks the nurse about her child's sleep requirement. What is the most accurate response by the nurse? a. "7 to 10 hours a night" b. "5 to 7 hours a night with one daytime nap" c. "11 to 13 hours a night" d. "4 to 6 hours a night with two daytime naps"
C
The mother of an infant born prematurely tells the nurse, "The baby is irritable. She cries during diaper changes and feedings. Can you make some suggestions about what I should do to soothe her?" What is the most appropriate recommendation to help this parent? a. Play the radio or TV while you feed the infant. b. Put the infant in a room with sunlight. c. Wrap the infant snugly when you hold them. d. Change the infant's position quickly.
C
The nurse is assessing development in a 9-month-old infant. What would the nurse expect to observe? a. Speaking in 2-word sentences b. Grasping objects with palmar grasp c. Creeping along the floor d. Beginning to use a spoon rather sloppily
C
The nurse is discussing preschoolers' sexual curiosity with the parent. What statement by the mother leads the nurse to determine that the mother understands the information? a. "Make up funny words for body parts." b. "Distract the child with a toy if they ask about sex." c. "Answer their questions when they ask." d. "Tell them to ask you again when they are 6 years old."
C
The nurse is discussing toilet training with parents. What behavior by the child would identify toilet training readiness? a. Willing to sit on the potty for 15 to 20 minutes b. Dry in the daytime for 4-hour periods c. Able to communicate that he or she is wet d. Curious about bathroom activities
C
The parent of a 4 1 2 -year-old child tells the nurse, "Bedtime is difficult. I can't get my son to go to bed at night." The nurse and the child's mother discuss options. What intervention is the most appropriate choice? a. Allow the child to put himself to bed when he is tired. b. Let the child read in his room until he falls asleep. c. Establish a bedtime routine and use it consistently. d. Tire him out with physical activity before bedtime.
C
What could the nurse recommend to a child's mother to encourage a toddler to practice independence? a. Offer a variety of items to choose from to stimulate his mind. b. Allow the child to determine his own daily routine. c. Offer him a choice between two items. d. Set the routine herself, but discuss with her toddler how he or she would have done it differently.
C
What fear is unique to the preschool period? a. Water b. Animals c. Bodily harm d. Death
C
What intervention might the nurse suggest as helpful for the child with enuresis? a. Applying an electric pad that gently shocks the child b. Waking the child several times during the night to urinate c. Decreasing fluid intake after the evening meal d. Increasing dietary fiber intake
C
What is a unique organization of characteristics that determines an individual's pattern of behavior? a. Environment b. Heredity c. Personality d. Experience
C
What is an abnormal finding in an evaluation of growth and development for a 6-month-old infant? a. Weight gain of 4 to 7 ounces per week b. Length increase of 1 inch in 2 months c. Head lag present d. Can sit alone for a few seconds
C
What is the earliest age at which an infant is able to sit steadily alone? a. 4 months b. 5 months c. 8 months d. 15 months
C
What is the most appropriate activity to recommend to parents to promote sensorimotor stimulation for a 1-year-old infant? a. Ride a tricycle. b. Spend time in an infant swing. c. Play with push-pull toys. d. Read large picture books.
C
What should the nurse avoid when demonstrating a bath procedure to parents of Vietnamese origin? a. Talking directly to the mother b. Exposing the child's genitals c. Touching the child's head d. Using cool water
C
What should the nurse suggest as the most appropriate toy choice for a 3-year-old? a. A board game b. A small pet, such as a goldfish c. A large construction set d. Push-pull toys
C
What toy is developmentally appropriate for the nurse to suggest to entertain a 5-year-old child? a. Jack-in-the-box b. Book of nursery rhymes c. Model airport with toy planes d. Model car construction kit
C
What type of development is the nurse assessing when an infant can lift his or her head before he or she can sit? a. Specific to general b. Proximodistal c. Cephalocaudal d. General to specific
C
What type of play is most appropriate when planning care for a child with moderate intellectual deficiency? a. Exercise leg and arm muscles. b. Be educationally oriented to make up for lost time. c. Be adjusted to mental age rather than chronological age. d. Involve contact sports and aggressive physical activity with other children.
C
What would the nurse expect a 4-month-old infant to be able to accomplish? a. Hold a cup. b. Stand with assistance. c. Lift head and shoulders. d. Sit with back straight.
C
Which behavior reported by a parent of an 18-month-old toddler would the nurse report to the pediatrician as a cause for concern? a. Has temper tantrums. b. Feeds self sloppily. c. Walks by holding onto furniture. d. Speaks in short sentences.
C
Which finding would concern the nurse assessing vital signs on a 2-year-old child? a. Temperature of 37.1° C (98.8° F) b. Pulse at 100 beats/minute c. Respirations of 36 breaths/minute d. Blood pressure of 90/60 mm Hg
C
Which statement best describes the 3-year-old child? a. Boisterous, tattles on others b. Aggressive, shows off c. Helpful, wants to assist with chores d. Talkative, inquisitive about the environment
C
Which statement indicates the mother of an 8-month-old infant understands infant sleep patterns? a. "I put the baby in my bed until she falls asleep, then I put her in her crib." b. "I let the baby skip an afternoon nap so that she will fall asleep earlier." c. "I put the pacifier in the crib so that she can find it when she wakes up." d. "I rock the baby back to sleep if she wakes up at night."
C
Which healthy snack foods would the school nurse suggest to a group of adolescents? (Select all that apply.) a. Bubble gum b. Chocolate-covered peanuts c. Raw vegetables d. Cheese e. Dried fruits
C, D
What is the best nursing action when an 8-year-old child comes to the school nurse with his central incisor in his hand and reports he knocked his tooth out on the water fountain? a. Give him an ice cube to suck on. b. Have him wash his mouth out with peroxide and water. c. Wrap the tooth in a clean tissue. d. Wash off the tooth and place it in a container of milk.
D
What statement made by a parent indicates correct understanding of infant feeding? a. "I've been mixing rice cereal and formula in the baby's bottle." b. "I switched the baby to low-fat milk at 9 months." c. "The baby really likes little pieces of chocolate." d. "I give the baby new foods before he takes his bottle."
D
What will the nurse advise a parent to do when introducing solid foods? a. Begin with one tablespoon of food. b. Mix foods together. c. Eliminate a refused food from the diet. d. Introduce each new food 4 to 7 days apart
D
