Exam 1 of A&P1 LAB

Migration of a keratinocyte from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum takes about __________ weeks. The dead, keratinized cells usually remain in the exposed stratum corneum layer for an additional ___________ weeks. Overall, keratinocytes are present for about ___________ month following their formation.

2; 2; 1

Match the structure with the labels on the given picture of skin. Instructions

A: hair follicle B: arrector pili muscle C: sebaceous gland D: apocrine sweat gland

Match the exocrine gland structure with the labels on diagram. Instructions

A: merocrine sweat gland B: merocrine sweat duct C: sebaceous gland D: apocrine sweat gland

In addition to keratinocytes, the stratum spinosum also contains another epidermal cell type called epidermal ______ cells that help to fight infection.

dendritic

First-degree burns involve only the ______ and are characterized by ______, pain, and slight edema (swelling).

epidermis ; redness

The two distinct layers of the integument consist of a layer of stratified squamous epithelium called the ______ and a deeper layer of areolar and dense irregular connective tissue called the ______.

epidermis; dermis

Sebaceous glands and sweat glands are types of ______ glands of skin.

exocrine

The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein _______.

keratin

Within the stratum, granulosum begins a process called ______.

keratinization

Skin is classified as either thick or thin based on two parameters: the number of epidermal __________ in the epidermis and the relative ________ of the epidermis, rather than the thickness of the entire integument.

layers; thickness or thinness

In thick skin, there is an extra layer of epidermal cells. This layer is called the stratum ______.

lucidum

Thermoregulation is a major function of _______ sweat glands.

merocrine

The two types of sweat glands in the skin are ______ sweat glands and _______ sweat glands.

merocrine ; aprocrine

To reduce the likelihood of skin cancer, people should use sunscreen regularly and avoid ______.

prolonged exposure to the sun

The apocrine sweat glands become active and produce secretory products during ______.

puberty

Merocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands that release their secretion onto the surface of the skin.

simple, coiled, and tubular

On many parts of the body, the components of the dermis include blood vessels, ________ glands, __________ glands, hair follicles, nail roots, sensrory nerve endings, and smooth muscle tissue.

sweat ; sebaceous

The secretion from merocrine sweat glands is carried to the surface of the epidermis via ______. The secretions of apocrine sweat glands are carried into ______.

sweat ducts ; hair follicles

True or false: The reason the cells of the stratum spinosum have a spiny appearance when viewed under a microscope is due to shrinkage of the cytoplasm.

true

True or false: skin cancer can develop in people of any age

true

The skin is best described as ______.

water resistant

vernix caseosa

waterproof protective covering composed of sebum and sloughed off cells

The main function of melanin pigment is to protect the __________ of keratinocytes from UV radiation.

nucleus, nuclei, DNA or nuclear DNA

Hair is found almost everywhere on the body except the sides and _______ of the hands and fingers, the sides and _________ of the feet and toes, the lips, and portions of the external genitalia.

palms ; soles

In anatomy, a single hair is also called a(n) ______.

pilus

The secretion produced by apocrine sweat glands is viscous, cloudy, and composed of ______ and ______ that are acted upon by bacteria, producing a distinct, noticeable odor.

proteins ; lipids

When compressed, tactile cells release chemicals that stimulate ______ endings in the dermis.

sensory nerve

Apocrine sweat glands are classified as ______ glands

simple, coiled, and tubular

After a stem cell divides in the stratum basale, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum ______ and it begins to lose its ability to divide.

spinosum

epidermal dendritic cells are found in which of the following strata?

spinosum and granulosum

Classify the tissue type of the epidermis: keratinized ______ epithelium.

stratified squamous

The layer of the skin from which most new epidermal cells are derived from is the ________.

stratum basale

The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the ________ ________.

stratum corneum

The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands, which are ______ glands and ______ glands.

sweat; sebaceous

Scattered among the cells of the stratum basale are cells that are sensitive to touch. These sensory cells are called ______.

tactile cells

Differences in hair density are due primarily to differences in its ______ and ______.

texture ; pigmentation

The stratum lucidum is found only in ______.

thick skin

There are three main variations in the epidermis. These variations are _________, colorations, and skin markings.

thickness

________ covers most of the body except for the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

thin

True or False: The epidermis exhibits variations among different body regions within a single individual, as well as differences between individuals.

true

True or false: Regeneration in the skin replaces damaged or dead cells with the same cell type and restores organ function.

true

The main functions of the subcutaneous layer are which of the following?

-acts as an energy reservoir -provides thermal insulation -protects the body

Which organs are involved in making calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D?

-kidney -liver -skin

The epidermis of thick skin ranges between ______ millimeters thick.

0.4 and 0.6

______ layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum.

3-5

Keratinocytes of the epidermis are usually present for about ______ week(s).

4

In the development of embryonic skin, the ________ layer gives rise to the epidermis, and the _________ gives rise to the dermis.

basal mesenchyme

Hemangiomas are ________ tumors.

benign

Each nail plate consists of a pinkish nail ______ and a distal whitish free ______.

body ; edge

Keratinocytes in the epidermis produce ______ when exposed to UV radiation.

cholecalciferol

Nails are derived from the same type of cells that produce the stratum ______ layer of the epidermis.

corneum

The stratum ______ consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells.

corneum

There are four layers of cells in the epidermis of thin skin. From superficial to deep, these layers are stratum ______, stratum ______, stratum ______, and stratum basale.

corneum; granulosum; spinosum

The exposed parts of nails and hair are composed of ___________ keratinocytes

dead

When a person is severely burned, a primary danger __________ is because the individual has lost the protective skin barrier and water can escape from body tissues

dehydration or infection

Motile cells in the dermis are called _______ cells.

dendritic

The keratinocytes within stratum lucidum are flattened and filled with protein __________, an intermediate product in the process of keratin maturation.

eleidin

The nails, hair, and exocrine glands of the skin are known as ______.

epidermal appendages

Apocrine and merocrine sweat glands release their secretory products by the process of ______.

exocytosis

True or False: The palms of the hands have more hair than the soles of the feet

false

In what two ways are damaged skin tissues normally repaired?

fibrosis and regneration

Friction ridges on the tips of fingers are known as ______.

fingerprints

A mild sunburn with no blistering is an example of a ______-degree burn.

first

In the layer of the epidermis called the stratum _____________, the process of keratinization begins.

granulosum

The most numerous cells of the epidermis are ___________ and the protein they produce is called __________.

keratinocytes; keratin

Periderm

layer of cells covering the developing embryonic epithelium

Mensenchyme

layer of embryonic cells that develops into the dermis

The first three strata of the epidermis consists of ______ keratinocytes and the most superficial strata contain ______ keratinocytes.

living; dead

Scattered among the keratinocytes of the stratum basale are pigment-producing cells called ______.

melanocytes

The most numerous and widely distributed sweat glands in the body are ________.

merocrine sweat glands

During the process of keratinization, the cell's __________ and organelles disintegrate and the cells start to die.

nucleus

______ skin contains the following accessories: nails, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

Thin