Exam 1 - Quiz 1 thru 8
Mikhail is deliberately lying about other children and tearing up their work in the classroom. He has been repeatedly sent to the principal and his teacher is concerned about the effects of the disruptive behavior on the other students in the class. Which of the following would be the primary reason for assessment in Mikhail's case? Select one: a. to screen him for a disorder b. to reach a diagnosis c. to plan treatment d. to remove him from the situation entirely and permanently
Best Guess c. to plan treatment IDK Wrong a & b
Abstinence is the primary goal of motivational enhancement therapy. Select one: True False
False
Intelligence and achievement are two words for the same thing; intelligence refers to nonacademic domains and achievement refers to the scholastic domain. Select one: True False
False
Psychotic symptoms have been associated with the use of cannabis. Select one: True False
True
There is a higher rate of suicide attempts among adolescents with substance use disorder than among adolescents without substance use disorder. Select one: True False
True
ADHD is: Select one: a. a psychiatric disorder that frequently causes children to lose contact with reality. b. a conduct disorder that typically results from lack of parental control. c. a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. d. a genetic disorder inherited directly from fathers.
a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity.
In what ways do boys and girls with Fragile X syndrome differ? Select one: a. Boys tend to show a more severe form of the disorder. b. Girls tend to produce less FMRP because both of their X chromosomes are typically affected, creating a more severe version of the disorder. c. Physical abnormalities are more common in girls with Fragile X than in boys with Fragile X, while behavioral challenges are more common in boys with Fragile X than in girls with Fragile X. d. Boys with Fragile X show more problems in simultaneous processing while girls with Fragile X show more problems with sequential processing.
a. Boys tend to show a more severe form of the disorder.
Which of the following is part of intellectual functioning? Select one: a. processing new information b. fine motor skills c. forming and maintaining social relationships d. gross motor skills
a. processing new information
Which of the following "systematically reviews all of the major psychiatric diagnoses to determine whether the child meets criteria for any diagnosis?" Select one: a. A structured diagnostic interview b. the DSM-5 c. Behavior rating scales d. Clinical observation
a. A structured diagnostic interview
Bethany is 16 years old. Two years ago, her parents went through a nasty divorce that caused them to engage in daily insults and shouting matches around the house. At the time, she begged her parents to stop fighting because she said, "I hate it!" Her parents are now completely separated and the fights have stoped. However, Bethany has developed a fear of engaging in good conversations with anyone, (e.g., her boyfriend, her best friend, her mother, etc.), if she thinks they might express different opinions from those of her own. She experiences a racing heartbeat, shallow breathing, sweaty palms, and dizziness. Then she walks away and refuses to talk. What could Bethany be experiencing? a. Bethany could be experiencing a specific phobia to verbal fights or disagreements. b. Bethany could be experiencing lack of confidence in her communication skills. c. Bethany could be very self-centered wanting to be right in every conversation. d. Bethany could be developing into a more quiet and shy individual.
a. Bethany could be experiencing a specific phobia to verbal fights or disagreements.
Recent research suggests that the two most important components of CBT are: a. Exposing children to feared stimuli, and challenging their negative thoughts about these events. b. Teaching children relaxation techniques, and helping them develop new habits. c. Teaching children to practice behavioral inhibition, and giving them positive reinforcement. d. Exposing children to modeling, and teaching them to exercise self-monitoring.
a. Exposing children to feared stimuli, and challenging their negative thoughts about these events.
The field of cultural pharmacology acknowledges that there is variability among ethnic groups regarding the pharmacokinetics of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Based on your supplemental reading for this week, which of the following is true? a. Hispanic individuals may require lower doses of antidepressants and antipsychotics when compared to White Americans. b. African Americans may respond to higher doses of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) than White Americans. c. Asians may respond to higher doses of antipsychotic medications when compared to White Americans. d. Pacific Islanders may require lower doses of antidepressants and anxiolytics when compared to White Americans.
a. Hispanic individuals may require lower doses of antidepressants and antipsychotics when compared to White Americans.
Why is multimethod assessment important? Select one: a. It helps the clinician obtain a more complete picture of children's functioning. b. It compensates for invalid norm-referenced tests. c. It allows clinicians to skip certain methods. d. It allows clinicians to avoid conducting interviews.
a. It helps the clinician obtain a more complete picture of children's functioning.
Which of the following is true about IQ? Select one: a. It is normally distributed. b. Its standard deviation is 20. c. About <.1% of people have scores below 70. d. A score of 130 is considered average.
a. It is normally distributed.
Which of the following medications have been approved by the FDA for children with ASD who exhibit sleep problems? Select one: a. No medications have been approved for treating sleep problems in this population. b. natural melatonin c. synthetic melatonin d. both natural and synthetic melatonin
a. No medications have been approved for treating sleep problems in this population.
What was the primary difference between Leo Kanner's observations of children with "early infantile autism" and Hans Asperger's observations of "autistic psychopathy"? Select one: a. Only Kanner's patients showed impairment in language. b. Only Asperger's patients showed difficulties interacting with others. c. Only Kanner's patients were overwhelmingly male. d. Only Asperger's patients displayed an insistence on sameness.
a. Only Kanner's patients showed impairment in language.
Which of the following is part of the Barkley's Neurodevelopmental Model that explains the behavior observed in children with ADHD? Select one: a. The Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS): b. The Mesolimbic Neural Circuit c. The Behavioral Activation System (BAS): d. All of the above. e. None of the above.
a. The Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS):
Which is true of the differences in ASD prevalence across ethnicities? Select one: a. When SES is controlled for, differences in ASD prevalence across ethnicities disappear. b. White, non-Latino children are more likely to be diagnosed with ASD, even when SES is controlled for. c. Latino children are most likely to be diagnosed with ASD across all SES groups. d. African American children are more likely to be diagnosed with ASD in the United States.
a. When SES is controlled for, differences in ASD prevalence across ethnicities disappear.
Billy was diagnosed in third grade with ADHD. He is now 15 years old and showing a persistent stubbornness and noncompliance toward adults. He refuses to obey, talks back, throws tantrums, and is spiteful and argumentative toward his parents. Select one: a. You should add the diagnosis of Oppositional Defiant Disorder to Billy's ADHD diagnosis because ADHD and Oppositional Defiant Disorder are two separate disorders. b. You should not add the diagnosis of Oppositional Defiant Disorder to Billy because the new symptoms he is presenting are just part of ADHD. c. You should add the diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder to Billy because he is clearly causing problems in his social environment. d. None of the above.
a. You should add the diagnosis of Oppositional Defiant Disorder to Billy's ADHD diagnosis because ADHD and Oppositional Defiant Disorder are two separate disorders.
Justin is 20 years old and a sophomore in college. He describes having a combination of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms that are interfering with his school work. He says he used to have more symptoms as a young boy, but they have gotten better. After a careful assessment interview with Justin, you realize that he only reports five symptoms. This does not seem to be a significant number and you are hesitant to "stick" Justin with the ADHD "label" for only five symptoms. What should you do in the end? Select one: a. You should diagnose him with ADHD because at his age, only five symptoms are required for the ADHD diagnosis. b. You should not diagnose him with ADHD because it would not be fair to him, given that he has only a few symptoms. c. You should not diagnose him with ADHD because perhaps he is just going through an adjustment phase and the symptoms will disappear later. d. You should diagnose him with ADHD, even if he does not meet the DSM-5 criteria, because it is obvious that he needs medication to survive in school, and he can only get the prescription if he has the diagnosis.
a. You should diagnose him with ADHD because at his age, only five symptoms are required for the ADHD diagnosis.
Which of the following is NOT a specifier for the functioning of children with ASD in the DSM-5? Select one: a. age at which the disturbance first appeared b. medical condition or genetic disorder underlying the condition c. severity of each class of symptoms d. existence of language impairment e. None of the above.
a. age at which the disturbance first appeared
Matthew is a 7-year-old who is afraid of needles. He screams, kicks, and hits nurses any time he needs a blood test. But he needs them due to a blood disorder that requires monthly monitoring. So Matthew and his therapist develop a hierarchy, ranging from behaviors that elicit only mild anxiety or distress to strong anxiety or distress. During each session at the therapist's office, Matthew and his therapist confront a different stimulus associated with needles, gradually moving up the hierarchy, at the same time that the therapist prohibits Matthew from screaming, kicking, and hitting. This is a CBT technique called ________________. a. exposure and response prevention b. habit reversal training c. generalization d. cognitive restructuring
a. exposure and response prevention
One reason described in the text that ASD may be disproportionately diagnosed in males is ______. Select one: a. high levels of male hormones in utero can affect the developing brain, particularly in the limbic system and frontal cortex, which largely process social information b. the X chromosome is protective against ASD, because ASD appears to be an X-linked condition c. socialization of females tends toward praise for repetitive behaviors, such as washing dishes and folding clothes; thus, girls who exhibit these repetitive behaviors may not be diagnosed d. males with ASD tend to exhibit many more disruptive behaviors than girls with ASD, and so there may be more cause to seek diagnosis and treatment for males suspected of having the disorder
a. high levels of male hormones in utero can affect the developing brain, particularly in the limbic system and frontal cortex, which largely process social information
Tina calls anything with writing on it (e.g., a book, label, billboard, etc.) a "sign." This is an example of ______. a. overextension b. underextension c. problem with grammar d. problem with morphemes
a. overextension
Alina is 5 years old. Her mother thinks that Alina has a panic disorder because she throws temper tantrums every morning and refuses to go to school. You decide to formally evaluate Alina to obtain more information about her situation because: a. panic disorders do not typically emerge in the preschool years. b. panic disorders can become very serious in children that age if they go untreated. c. Alina could be suffering from a panic disorder with agoraphobia. d. Alina could be treated with an approved SSRI to help her feel better about going to school.
a. panic disorders do not typically emerge in the preschool years.
Margie's mother asks her to pick up the red cup and bring it to the table. Margie does. This shows Margie's skills in ______. a. receptive language b. expressive language c. receptive and expressive language d. compliance only; this does not assess language
a. receptive language
Which of the following is NOT a specific area of deficit in the social communication of children with ASD? Select one: a. response to feedback and corrections by others b. interpersonal relationships c. nonverbal communication d. social-emotional reciprocity
a. response to feedback and corrections by others
In a classroom using the TEACCH approach, the basketball and the basketball hoop are painted the same color. This is an example of ______. Select one: a. scaffolding b. visual schedules c. hand-over-hand assistance d. structured teaching
a. scaffolding
Conduct problems are ______. Select one: a. the second most common childhood problems referred for mental health treatment, surpassed only by ADHD. b. the third most common childhood problems referred for mental health treatment, surpassed only by anxiety and depression. c. infrequently referred to mental health providers because these issues are often not considered mental health issues, but instead "bad behavior" issues d. approximately 20% of the most common mental health problems experienced by children and adolescents.
a. the second most common childhood problems referred for mental health treatment, surpassed only by ADHD.
Which of the following is NOT among the three main goals of 28-day inpatient treatment programs for substance use disorders? Select one: a. to separate the individual from antisocial peers who perpetuate substance use b. to attend to immediate medical needs and detoxify the body c. To help the adolescent understand the harmful effects of the substance use on health and functioning d. to improve the quality of interpersonal relationships
a. to separate the individual from antisocial peers who perpetuate substance use
The distinction between childhood-onset CD and adolescent-onset CD is ______. Select one: a. whether at least one symptom occurs before age 10. b. whether the criteria are fully met before age 10. c. whether the child is diagnosed before age 10. d. whether the condition is treated before age 10.
a. whether at least one symptom occurs before age 10.
Which of the following is the best example of a multimethod assessment? Select one: a. A psychologist asks a parent and a teacher to complete a rating scale about a child's behavior. b. A psychologist observes a child at school and then asks a teacher and parents to complete a rating scale about the child's behavior at school and at home. c. A psychologist gathers data from parents about the child's behavior at home, at school, and at home on the weekend. d. A psychologist uses self-report questionnaires from parents, teachers, and the child to assess the child's mood.
b. A psychologist observes a child at school and then asks a teacher and parents to complete a rating scale about the child's behavior at school and at home.
Alexis experiences angry outburst in which she can be very aggressive physically and verbally. Her family is always "walking on egg shells" when relating to her because they never know when she will explode next. Her mother tries to justify her by saying that she only acts like that in response to frustration or provocation and that she often expresses remorse after acting out. Which condition do you think Alexis is most likely to have? Select one: a. Conduct Disorder b. Intermittent Explosive Disorder c. Oppositional Defiant Disorder d. Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
b. Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Results on the efficacy of CBT have indicated which of the following? Select one: a. It is only effective for those with mild substance use problems. b. It results in greater reductions in substance use than do other types of therapy. c. The cognitive component is effective, but the behavioral component is not. d. The behavioral component is effective, but the cognitive component is not.
b. It results in greater reductions in substance use than do other types of therapy.
Which is true about the relationship between ADHD and substance use disorder? Select one: a. Most adolescents with ADHD eventually develop a substance use disorder b. Most adolescents with substance use disorder have ADHD. c. Adolescents with ADHD and substance use disorder use a wider range of substances than adolescents with substance use disorder alone. d. Adolescents with substance use disorder typically develop ADHD after beginning their substance use.
b. Most adolescents with substance use disorder have ADHD.
Kyle is 16 years old. His 10th grade teachers notice that, for the past month, he has been fidgeting in his seat and interrupting or intruding on others quite often, regardless of whether he is in Math, English, History, or any other class. However, during a parent/teacher conference, Kyle's parents are surprised to know about this behavior because this was never noticed through Kyle's prior years in school. Does Kyle have ADHD? Select one: a. Yes, it is possible that he is presenting the predominantly hyperactive/impulsive type of ADHD. b. No, Kyle should not be diagnosed with ADHD because the current symptoms were not present before he was 12 years old. c. Yes, Kyle's symptoms have persisted for a whole month and that will be sufficient to diagnose him with ADHD. d. Yes, because his constant interruptions of others could have a negative impact on his social activities.
b. No, Kyle should not be diagnosed with ADHD because the current symptoms were not present before he was 12 years old.
Which of the following is the most widely used semistructured diagnostic interview for children and adolescents? Select one: a. Children's Mental Status Exam b. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children (Kiddie-SADS) c. The Cultural Formulation Interview d. The Scale of Impairment
b. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children (Kiddie-SADS)
A clinician observes a mother-child dyad in an analog task. In a playroom, the mother is advised to switch from playing with one toy to playing with another every 5 minutes. The therapist notices that when the mother does not give clear warning of the switch, her child tantrums. When he tantrums, the mother soothes him by returning to the original toy. Which is the following is true? Select one: a. The clinician may be performing a functional assessment. b. The failure to provide time for the child to process the transition may be the antecedent. c. The tantrum is the consequence. d. The mother's response to the tantrum is punishing.
b. The failure to provide time for the child to process the transition may be the antecedent.
Which of the following does the mental status exam assess? Select one: a. muscle tone b. appearance and actions c. language acquisition d. hearing
b. appearance and actions
Nelly is 6 years old. Her parents frequently alternate between being overly permissive (very lax on discipline) and excessively hostile ( yelling, threatening, grabbing, or hitting. This type of pattern is one of the best predictors of _____________________. Select one: a. anxiety in young children b. conduct problems in young children c. young children's lack of trust in their parents d. depression in young children
b. conduct problems in young children
The anxiety-reducing properties of low doses of alcohol can best be explained by which of the following? Select one: a. stimulation of the norepinephrine system b. inhibition of glutamate c. increased activity in the amygdala d. decrease in the release of endogenous opioids
b. inhibition of glutamate
According to Monitoring the Future, illicit drug use among adolescents ______. Select one: a. is more common than marijuana use b. is less common than prescription medication misuse c. is more common for inhalants than for other types of illicit drugs d. has increased since 1995
b. is less common than prescription medication misuse
A 36-month-old of normal intelligence who produces only one-word phrases would be most likely to be diagnosed with which of the following? a. specific language impairment b. late language emergence c. speech sound disorder d. specific learning disorder
b. late language emergence
Marlene says, "I see two bike." This is an example of an error in ______. a. phonology b. morphology c. semantics d. pragmatics
b. morphology
Wonje is suspected of having ADHD. Wonje's clinician wants to be sure to interview Wonje's parents, teachers, coaches, and Wonje himself to better understand Wonje's behavior in different situations. This is referred to as ______. Select one: a. behavioral observation b. multi-informant assessment c. informal data gathering d. multimethod assessment
b. multi-informant assessment
Which of the following is NOT a component of treatment identified by the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology as being most likely to yield benefits to children with ASD and their families? Select one: a. early intervention b. naturalistic setting (home if possible) c. engagement of parents d. monitoring of children's progress
b. naturalistic setting (home if possible)
Which of the following is NOT one of the five principles of motivational interviewing? Select one: a. approaching the client with acceptance and nonjudgment b. persuading the client to change beliefs about sbustance use c. rolling with resistance and avoiding argumentation d. promoting the client's self-efficacy
b. persuading the client to change beliefs about sbustance use
Tommy was accused of shoplifting at a local mall a few days ago. He was intentionally trying to walk away from the store while wearing a new pair of shoes that he was supposedly trying on. The shoes cost $75.00. When police interrogated him, he denied any wrong doing and said he was distracted when walking out and had forgotten to put back on his own shoes. However, he was still given a citation and asked to appear in court two weeks later. Tommy got angry at the officer but didn't say anything. Later on, while walking around the mall parking lot, Tommy slashed the tires of a police car that was parked near by. Tommy's behavior is an example of _________. a. aggression. b. property violations c. rule violations d. oppositional behavior.
b. property violations
The genes that place children at risk for ODD and CD have _____________________. Select one: a. have been identified as IL6 and TP53. b. have been associated with the child's gender. c. have remain elusive. d. have been clearly connected to first-degree relatives with histories of conduct problems.
c. have remain elusive.
Which of the following is true of IQ in individuals with intellectual disability? Select one: a. All those with IQs below 70 qualify for diagnosis of intellectual disability. b. None of those with IQs above 70 qualify for diagnosis of intellectual disability. c. About 2% to 3% of the population have IQs in the range recommended as the cutoff for intellectual disability. d. IQ cutoffs only apply to adults with intellectual disability.
c. About 2% to 3% of the population have IQs in the range recommended as the cutoff for intellectual disability.
Brandon has demonstrated a persistent disregard for the rules of society. He also shows a wide range of disruptive and destructive behaviors, including physical fighting, theft, vandalism, and truancy. Select one: a. ADHD should be considered as the primary DSM-5 diagnosis for Brandon. b. Oppositional Defiant Disorder should be considered as the primary DSM-5 diagnosis for Brandon. c. Conduct Disorder should be considered as the primary DSM-5 diagnosis for Brandon. d. Truancy should be considered as the primary DSM-5 diagnosis for Brandon.
c. Conduct Disorder should be considered as the primary DSM-5 diagnosis for Brandon.
Which of the following is an epigenetic explanation for the finding that paternal age has been shown to increase children's risk for ASD? Select one: a. Older fathers are typically of higher SES, and higher SES is associated with increased risk for ASD. b. Spontaneous genetic mutations are more common in the sperm cells of older men. c. Environmental stressors over the man's lifetime could lead to changes in the way genes are expressed. d. Older fathers are more likely to have learned about genetics and be more aware about the way their genes affect their children, leading to greater detection of ASD signs and symptoms in their offspring.
c. Environmental stressors over the man's lifetime could lead to changes in the way genes are expressed.
Which anxiety disorder experienced by children or adolescents is most closely associated with depression later in life? a. Agoraphobia b. Selective mutism. c. Generalized anxiety disorder. d. Panic disorder.
c. Generalized anxiety disorder.
Aiden has been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. Which is NOT a way in which Aiden's parents might have contributed to his social anxiety? a. His parents might have avoided charged discussions. b. His parents might have modeled or taught him anxiety responses. c. His parents practices might have allowed him too much autonomy. d. His parents might have passed to him some genetic influence for social anxiety.
c. His parents practices might have allowed him too much autonomy.
Which of the following best describes the efficacy of multidimensional family therapy? Select one: a. It is associated with reduction in substance use while traditional group therapy is not. b. It is associated with reduction in substance use, but it takes much longer to get these results than to get comparable results with family therapy. c. It is associated with greater reduction in substance use than traditional group therapy and produces more rapid results. d. It has been shown to be more efficacious than family-based education, but less efficacious than individual or group supportive therapy.
c. It is associated with greater reduction in substance use than traditional group therapy and produces more rapid results.
Kristie is a 25-year-old woman who was diagnosed with ADHD when she was 7. She has smoked at least 3 cigarette packs per day since she was 15. She tells you that she and her boyfriend are expecting a child. She is about 8 weeks pregnant. Which of the following is true? Select one: a. Kristie may continue smoking, as long as she reduces the number of cigarettes to no more than 1 pack per day." b. Kristie may continue smoking as long as she does it outside her home where there is more fresh air to breathe." c. Kristie may continue smoking if she really wants to increase the chances for her baby to have a premature birth, low birth weight and complications with delivery involving hypoxia." d. Kristie may continue smoking as long as she keeps taking her Ritalin every day. This will decrease the risk for her baby to have ADHD later in life."
c. Kristie may continue smoking if she really wants to increase the chances for her baby to have a premature birth, low birth weight and complications with delivery involving hypoxia."
Cindy is 17 years old. Her family physician refers her to you for evaluation because she thinks that Cindy might be experiencing panic attacks. Which of the following is strongly associated with the likelihood that Cindy will actually seek treatment from you? a. Whether or not she knows of other people in her family who suffer from panic attacks. b. The age when Cindy began to experience the attacks. c. The number of symptoms that Cindy has experienced already. d. Whether or not she also suffers from a social anxiety disorder.
c. The number of symptoms that Cindy has experienced already.
Regarding medications for children or adolescents with conduct problems, studies have suggested that ______________ . a. Buspirone may control the anxiety that is present in conduct problems. b. Trazodone may help with the depression that is present in conduct problems. c. There are currently no medications approved for specifically targeting conduct problems in children or adolescents. d. Any "off label" psychotropic medication will significantly diminish conduct problems.
c. There are currently no medications approved for specifically targeting conduct problems in children or adolescents.
Noah is referred to your practice for diagnosis and treatment of conduct problems. His school counselor is not sure if he has ADHD or ODD. How would you try to differentiate between one and the other? Select one: a. You will ask Noah's mother which symptoms were present earlier in the life of Noah, since ODD symptoms show up earlier than ADHD symptoms. b. You will ask Noah's mother if he has problems losing his temper, since only ADHD involves problems of that nature. c. You will ask Noah's mother if the conduct problems are exhibited in more than one setting, since ADHD requires symptoms to be present in multiple settings and ODD does not. d. You will ask Noah's mother if he shows impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning, since children with ADHD are the only ones who experience impairment in these areas.
c. You will ask Noah's mother if the conduct problems are exhibited in more than one setting, since ADHD requires symptoms to be present in multiple settings and ODD does not.
Several professional organizations have issued best-practice guidelines for the evidenced-based treatment of ADHD in children, adolescents and adults. These guidelines suggest that preschool-age children should receive ____________ as the first line of treatment for ADHD. Select one: a. medication b. a combination of behavior therapy and medication c. behavior therapy d. None of the above.
c. behavior therapy
If a child does not engage in restricted, repetitive behaviors, he or she ______. Select one: a. can still be diagnosed with ASD b. cannot be diagnosed with any condition c. can still be diagnosed with social (pragmatic) communication disorder d. should be diagnosed with intellectual disability
c. can still be diagnosed with social (pragmatic) communication disorder
Children with specific language impairment (SLI) are typically diagnosed ______. a. in the first year of life b. in the second year of life c. in preschool or kindergarten d. in high school
c. in preschool or kindergarten
According to the definition of psychotherapy cited by the author, it is a(n): Select one: a. assessment process b. behavioral process c. interpersonal process d. evidence-based process
c. interpersonal process
Theory of mind deficits in children with ASD ______. Select one: a. can be assessed by a true belief task b. are less severe than theory of mind deficits in children with Down syndrome c. likely underlie the challenges those with ASD can have in complex social interactions d. result from making incorrect assumptions about the mental states of others
c. likely underlie the challenges those with ASD can have in complex social interactions
Millie has an intellectual disability (ID). She had delays sitting up and walking as an infant and has been diagnosed with a biological anomaly, though now, at age 6, she can use the toilet on her own. Which degree of intellectual disability does Millie most likely have? Select one: a. mild b. moderate c. severe d. profound
c. severe
Visual scene displays are especially useful for which of the following? Select one: a. individuals with well-developed speech who have relative deficits in visual-spatial processing b. older children who have already acquired the use of simple communication systems c. toddlers who have trouble using more complex pictures or symbols d. infants in the first year of life
c. toddlers who have trouble using more complex pictures or symbols
Which of the following is NOT a category of symptoms for conduct disorder (CD)? Select one: a. aggression to people or animals b. deceitfulness or theft c. vindictiveness d. serious violations of rules
c. vindictiveness
Annabel has been diagnosed with Separation Anxiety Disorder. Which of the following factors could have caused Annabel to experience this condition? a. Genetic factors b. Insecure attachment at infancy c. Highly controlling and overprotective parenting behaviors d. All of the above e. None of the above
d. All of the above
Ethan is 10 years old and has been diagnosed with Obsessive-compulsive disorder. His child psychiatrist is recommending that he receives a combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy and Sertraline (Zoloft) treatment. Ethan's mother does not want Ethan to be prescribed any medication and is asking you for empirical support to convince her otherwise. You tell her that according to the Pediatric OCD Treatment Study (2004), ________________. a. 38.3% of children who received CBT-only treatment showed no significant OCD symptoms after 12 weeks of treatment. b. 21.4% of children who received medication-only treatment showed no significant OCD symptoms after 12 weeks of treatment. c. 53.6% of children who received a combination of CBT and Sertraline treatments showed no significant OCD symptoms after 12 weeks of treatment. d. All of the above e. None of the above
d. All of the above
In the United States, few pediatric practices routinely schedule the time needed to conduct a complete psychiatric evaluation. Yet, primary care pediatric providers, including advanced practice nurses, routinely make treatment decisions regarding the use of stimulants and antidepressants for children. This practice may be influenced by: a. It is not an expectation of the role. b. There is limited specialized psychiatric resources for children and adolescents. c. The family comfort levels and trust with the pediatric primary care provider. d. All of the above e. Only (a) and (c)
d. All of the above
Some children with conduct disorders show low sensitivity to punishment. This low sensitivity may result in ___________________. Select one: a. an inability to internalize parental rules and regulations. b. inhibited development of a conscience, and capacity for moral reasoning. c. displays of premeditated, aggressive behaviors with little regard for others' rights. d. All of the above e. None of the above
d. All of the above
Alyssa has been diagnosed with ADHD. She frequently forgets appointments or assignments and waits until the last minute to start school projects. She also feels a sense of subjective restlessness while sitting in class. These issues are significantly interfering with her academic success. What could be the developmental stage at which Alyssa is right now? Select one: a. Alyssa is an adolescent. b. Alyssa is in preschool. c. Alyssa is a school-age child. d. Alyssa is a college student.
d. Alyssa is a college student.
Evidence-based treatments for children and adolescents with conduct problems typically include these common features: a. Effective programs that support parents as the primary change agents. b. Socio-cultural interventions that help youths to avoid deviant peers and other environmental stressors. c. Treatment that is delivered in psychiatric hospital settings to ensure consistency of interventions and to avoid parental hurdles like lack of transportation. d. Both (a) and (b) e. None of the above
d. Both (a) and (b)
Justin is 8 years old. His pediatrician thinks that Justin might have developed a specific phobia to cars and he refers Justin to you for a mental health evaluation. Justin will meet DSM-5 criteria for this diagnosis if _____________________. a. the anticipatory fear or anxiety that he feels when seeing or approaching a car disrupts his daily functioning. b. the symptoms that he experiences cause significant distress for him. c. he clings to his father any time he sees a car. d. Both (a) and (b) e. All of the above
d. Both (a) and (b)
You are working as a research assistant to one of your professors. She is leading a research study about conduct problems with children 1 to 12 years old. She asks you to observe her study participants in different play settings and report to her how many children displayed normative behavior and how many displayed significant oppositional and defiant behavior during play. How can you distinguish between what is normative and what is not? Select one: a. You consider the children's overall developmental context. b. You interview siblings and/or classmates c. You record the number and frequency of children's disruptive behavior incidents that you observed. d. Both (a) and (c) e. None of the above.
d. Both (a) and (c)
Your best friend has an 8-year old son, Kyle. She tells you that Kyle gets nervous easily and would like to know if he is experiencing adaptive, healthy anxiety or maladaptive anxiety. In order to know if you should refer Kyle to a mental health provider or not, what information would you like to have? a. How intense and chronic Kyle's nervousness seems to be. b. How many situations seem to make Kyle nervous. c. How much Kyle's nervousness seem to interfere with his daily activities. d. Both (a) and (c) e. All of the above
d. Both (a) and (c)
Emily is 14 years old. She is walking home from a friend's house that is about 1/2 block from her house. A passing-by car suddenly slows down to her walking speed. Two strange-looking men start calling her "pretty." Emily starts sweating and feels her legs going very weak. She wants to run, but she knows that her legs won't let her run faster than the car. What is Emily experiencing? a. Worry about a clear immediate threat. b. A loss of safety threat. c. A cognitive response to threat. d. Fear about an imminent threat.
d. Fear about an imminent threat.
Joe has been diagnosed with cannabis use disorder, however Joe has been in treatment, and hasn't used cannabis for 2 months, despite his cravings for cannabis. Which of the following is true of Joe? Select one: a. Joe is not in remission because he still craves cannabis. b. Joe is in early remission. c. Joe is in sustained remission. d. Joe is not in remission because he has had symptoms within the past 3 months.
d. Joe is not in remission because he has had symptoms within the past 3 months.
It has been 3 months since Melissa's teacher told her parents that Melissa does not talk at school even when she is asked a question directly. Any attempts to get her talk are still unsuccessful. Melissa's parents are puzzled by her behavior because she does talk when she is at home. They have taken Melissa to her pediatrician who reports that he cannot find anything wrong with her health. What could be possibly going on with Melissa? a. Melissa could be suffering from Generalized Anxiety Disorder. b. Melissa could be suffering from Separation Anxiety Disorder. c. Melissa could be suffering from a specific phobia to school. d. Melissa could be suffering from Selective Mutism.
d. Melissa could be suffering from Selective Mutism.
Two months ago, Debbie had her first panic attack. She has been worried about having another one ever since. Her panic attack occurred while she was having a business lunch at a restaurant with a couple of co-workers. This happened when she saw her husband eating at another corner of the restaurant with an unfamiliar woman and found out that they were having an affair. So she now avoids going out for business lunches with her co-workers. This is significantly limiting her ability to be included in the work-related decisions that her co-workers make. Would you diagnose Debbie with a panic disorder? a. Yes, because she has been worried for more than a month about having another attack. b. No, because her worry needs to be present for a minimum of 3 months in order to be diagnosed with a panic disorder. c. Yes, because her fear of having business lunches with her co-workers is sufficient to constitute clinically significant distress or impairment. d. No, because she has not experienced recurrent panic attacks.
d. No, because she has not experienced recurrent panic attacks.
Which disorder is NOT related to obsessive-compulsive disorder? a. Excoriation Disorder b. Trichotillomania c. Hoarding Disorder d. Panic Disorder
d. Panic Disorder
Jenny's mom says, "You can go ride your bike, but first you have to do your homework." This is an example of ______. Select one: a. negative reinforcement b. parent -child interaction training c. token economy d. Premack's principle
d. Premack's principle
ADHD is a specific, unique predictor for: Select one: a. alcohol use. b. Prescription pain medications. c. Marijuana. d. Smoking and vaping.
d. Smoking and vaping.
Which of the following best describes the results of the Autism Genome Project? Select one: a. The majority of children with ASD have deletions or duplications of genetic material on specific chromosomes. b. The majority of children with ASD have a genetic abnormality or mutation on a single portion of one gene. c. The majority of children with ASD show the absence of neurexin 1, which produces proteins important to early brain development. d. The majority of children with ASD have causes that have not yet been explained.
d. The majority of children with ASD have causes that have not yet been explained.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the relationship between conduct problems and substance use? Select one: a. Youths with conduct disorders are more likely to use substances than those without conduct disorder. b. Youths with conduct disorders begin using substances at earlier ages than those without conduct disorder. c. ODD and CD may be important, unique predictors of adolescent substance use problems. d. The relationship between conduct problems and substance use is mediated by ADHD.
d. The relationship between conduct problems and substance use is mediated by ADHD.
What is the difference between how typically developing individuals and individuals with ASD process facial information? Select one: a. Those with ASD take much longer to process faces than typically developing individuals do, preventing them from processing emotions in the time needed to have typical emotional interactions. b. Those with ASD process faces in the left fusiform gyrus, the area typically used for processing information about objects, while typically developing individuals process faces in the right fusiform gyrus. c. Those with ASD process faces in the right fusiform gyrus, the area typically used for processing information about objects, while typically developing individuals process faces in the left fusiform gyrus. d. Those with ASD process faces in the inferior temporal gyrus, the area typically used for processing information about objects, while typically developing individuals process faces in the right fusiform gyrus.
d. Those with ASD process faces in the inferior temporal gyrus, the area typically used for processing information about objects, while typically developing individuals process faces in the right fusiform gyrus.
Jessica is in 5th grade. Her mother brings her to your outpatient practice because she is concerned that Jessica does not seem to be capable of sustaining attention over time. Her teacher is not noticing this at school, but at home, she has not been listening to her parents, following through with assignments, organizing tasks, and remembering the location of important objects for the past several weeks. Jessica's mother is worried that Jessica might be developing ADHD and is angry at Jessica's father because he does not seem to care. Jessica's parents are going through a divorce right now. Would you diagnose Jessica with ADHD? Select one: a. Yes, because she shows difficulties with inattention, and inattention is the key feature of ADHD with predominantly inattentive presentation. b. Yes, because she clearly has difficulty completing tasks that require attention. c. No, because her lack of attention is only present at home and not other settings. d. You will not make a final decision until you have the opportunity to gather more information.
d. You will not make a final decision until you have the opportunity to gather more information.
Emma has had an alcohol substance use problem for several years. Recently, she has been going to a therapist for cognitive behavioral therapy. Emma has now been sober for 6 months. However, last weekend was her high school reunion. While there, she was with friends she used to drink with, and she had one shot of vodka. After that, she was full of guilt and thought to herself, "I'm so stupid. I'm just an addict and I'll never be cured." She had four more shots. This is an example of ______. Select one: a. risky relapse b. motivational deficit c. situational cuing d. abstinence violation effect
d. abstinence violation effect
Results of a meta-analysis examining the relative effects of four classes of ADHD medications (amphetamines, methylphenidates, atomoxetine, and guanfacine) to placebo showed that: Select one: a. all medications improved ADHD symptoms better than placebo. b. the largest effects were for the stimulant medications. c. stimulant medication was associated with improvements in children's academic, cognitive, and social functioning. d. all of the above e. none of the above
d. all of the above
The most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD fall into the following two broad classes of medications: Select one: a. anti-anxiety and antidepressants. b. anti-anxiety and mood stabilizers. c. antipsychotics and anti-anxiety. d. amphetamines and methylphenidates.
d. amphetamines and methylphenidates.
Which of the following best describes the pattern of head growth in children with ASD? Select one: a. smaller than average head circumference at birth, larger than average head circumference at age 1, smaller than average head circumference by late childhood. b. smaller than average head circumference at birth, average head circumference at age 1, larger than average head circumference by late childhood. c. larger than average head circumference at birth, average head circumference at age 1, smaller than average head circumference by late childhood. d. average head circumference at birth, larger than average head circumference at age 1, average head circumference by late childhood.
d. average head circumference at birth, larger than average head circumference at age 1, average head circumference by late childhood.
In order to be diagnosed with a Substance Use Disorder, a person must ______. Select one: a. be exhibiting tolerance and/or withdrawal b. have at least two symptoms from each of the four symptom categories c. use large amounts of the substance d. experience clinically significant impairment or distress
d. experience clinically significant impairment or distress
Which of the following is NOT one of the three interdependent ecological factors targeted in family therapy? Select one: a. relationships with parents b. home environment c. school d. peer relationships
d. peer relationships
A pediatrician asks a psychologist to conduct a brief evaluation for a toddler who is showing delays in language acquisition and social skills. This is an example of: Select one: a. a diagnostic interview b. a projective test c. reaching a diagnosis d. screening
d. screening
The most common use of medication to address substance use disorders is ______. Select one: a. as substitution therapy b. for detoxicfication during withdrawal c. to block the effects of the substance, making it less pleasurable to use d. to treat comorbid disorders
d. to treat comorbid disorders
How is adaptive functioning typically assessed? Select one: a. via the child's self-report b. via an intelligence test c. via a checklist that parents fill out d. via a semistructured interview given to caregivers
d. via a semistructured interview given to caregivers
Jaden is 6 months old. His parents see him as having a difficult temperament. He is quick to cry and fuss, easily frustrated, and have difficulty adjusting to change. This type of temperament could lead to the emergence of conduct problems by __________________. Select one: a. interfering with the development of effective emotion-regulation skills. b. compromising the quality of parent-child interactions. c. experiencing peer rejection later on in life. d. Only (a) and (c) e. All of the above
e. All of the above
Amy has just been diagnosed with ADHD and her parents are in your office asking if this is something they "gave" Amy. In an effort to explain to them the main causes of ADHD, you tell them that: Select one: a. children with ADHD are more likely to have a biological parent with the disorder than children without ADHD. b. adults with ADHD have a 57% chance of having at least one child with the disorder. c. siblings of children with ADHD are 3 to 5 times more likely to have the disorder compared to controls. d. None of the above is true. e. All of the above is true.
e. All of the above is true.
According to Barkley, the capacity for behavioral inhibition permits the development of basic executive functions. Which of the following are recognized as basic executive functions? Select one: a. Working memory and creative problem-solving b. Internalized speech and emotion regulation c. Internalized associations and muscle relaxation d. Long-term memory and and internalized associations e. Both (a) and (b)
e. Both (a) and (b)