Exam 1 Review Questions

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship between two variables? A. -.90 B. -.50 C. +.80 D. +.25

A. -.90

The________ gland secretes epinephrine. A. Adrenal B. Thyroid C. Pituitary D. Master

A. Adrenal

A(n) ________ facilitates or mimics the activity of a given neurotransmitter system. A. Axon B. SSRI C. Agonist D. Antagonist

A. Axon

A researcher interested in how changes in the cells of the hippocampus (a structure in the brain related to learning and memory) are related to memory formation would be most likely to identify as a(n) ________ psychologist. A. Biological B. Health C. Clinical D. Social

A. Biological

An individual may suffer from ________ if there is a disruption in the brain signals that are sent to the muscles that regulate breathing. A. Central sleep apnea B. Obstructive sleep apnea C. Narcolepsy D. SIDS

A. Central sleep apnea

The two major hormones secreted from the pancreas are: A. Estrogen and progesterone B. Norepinephrine and epinephrine C. Thyroxine and oxytocin D. Glucagon and insulin

A. Estrogen and progesterone

Research suggests that cognitive processes, such as learning, may be affected by ________. A. Hypnosis B. Meditation C. Mindful awareness D. Progressive relaxation

A. Hypnosis

________ is most effective in individuals that are very open to the power of suggestion. A. Hypnosis B. Meditation C. Mindful

A. Hypnosis

The ________ plays a role in controlling slow-wave sleep. A. Hypothalamus B. Thalamus C. Pons D. Both A and B

A. Hypothalamus

Before participating in an experiment, individuals should read and sign the ________ form. A. Informed consent B. Debriefing C. IRB D. Ethics

A. Informed consent

An action potential involves Na+ moving ________ the cell and K+ moving ________ the cell. A. Inside; outside B. Outside; inside C. Inside; inside D. Outside; outside

A. Inside; outside

The correlation coefficient indicates the weakest relationship when ________. A. It is closest to 0 B. It is closest to -1 C. It is positive D. It is negative

A. It is closes to 0

________ is one way in which people can help reset their biological clocks. A. Light-dark exposure B. Coffee consumption C. Alcohol consumption D. Napping

A. Light-dark exposure

________ refers to drug craving. A. Psychological dependence B. Antagonism C. Agonism D. Physical dependence

A. Psychological dependence

The operant conditioning chamber (aka ________ box) is a device used to study the principles of operant conditioning. A. Skinner B. Watson C. James D. Koffka

A. Skinner

The benefit of naturalistic observation studies is ________. A. The honesty of the data that is collected in a realistic setting B. How quick and easy these studies are to perform C. The researcher's capacity to make sure that data is collected as efficiently as possible D. The ability to determine cause and effect in this particular approach

A. The honesty of the data that is collected in a realistic setting

In Milgram's controversial study on obedience, nearly ________ of the participants were willing to administer what appeared to be lethal electric shocks to another person because they were told to do so by an authority figure. A. 1/3 B. 2/3 C. 3/4 D. 4/5

B. 2/3

Humans have ________ pairs of chromosomes? A. 15 B. 23 C. 46 D. 78

B. 23

Damage to the ________ disrupts one's ability to comprehend language, but it leaves one's ability to product words intact. A. Amygdala B. Broca's Area C. Wernicke's Area D. Occipital lobe

B. Broca's Area

Sigmund Freud developed his theory of human personality by conducting in-depth interviews over an extended period of time with a few clients. This type of research approach is known as a(n): ________. A. Archival research B. Case study C. Naturalistic observation D. Survey

B. Case study

________ cycles occur roughly once every 24 hours. A. Biological B. Circadian C. Rotating D. Conscious

B. Circadian

Scientific knowledge is ________. A. Intuitive B. Empirical C. Permanent D. Subjective

B. Empirical

________ are defined as observable realities. A. Behaviors B. Facts C. Opinions D. Theories

B. Facts

________ refers to a person's genetic makeup, while ________ refers to a person's physical characteristics? A. Phenotype; genotype B. Genotype; phenotype C. DNA; gene D. Gene; DNA

B. Genotype; phenotype

________ is to animal research as ________ is to human research. A. Informed consent; deception B. IACUC; IRB C. IRB; IACUC D. Deception; debriefing

B. IACUC, IRB

The ________ is controlled by the experimenter, while the ________ represents the information collected and statistically analyzed by the experimenter. A. Dependent variable; independent variable B. Independent variable; dependent variable C. Placebo effect; experimenter bias D. Experiment bias; placebo effect

B. Independent variable; dependent variable

________ involves following a romp of research participants for an extended period of time. A. Archival research B. Longitudinal research C. Naturalistic observation D. Cross-sectional research

B. Longitudinal research

A(n) ________ uses magnetic fields to create pictures of a given tissue. A. EEG B. MRI C. PET scan D. CT scan

B. MRI

The ________ content of a dream refers to the true meaning of the dream. A. Latent B. Manifest C. Collective unconscious D. Important

B. Manifest

Which theorist would have been most likely to agree with this statement: Perceptual phenomena are best understood as a combination of their components. A. William James B. Max Wertheimer C. Carl Rogers D. Noam Chomsky

B. Max wertheimer

________ has its roots in religious practice. A. Hypnosis B. Meditation C. Cognitive therapy D. Behavioral therapy

B. Meditation

________ is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that plays a role in regulating biological rhythms and immune function. A. Growth hormone B. Melatonin C. LH D. FSH

B. Melatonin

Multiple sclerosis involves a breakdown of the ________. A. Soma B. Myelin sheath C. Synaptic vesicles D. Dendrites

B. Myelin sheath

The ________ secretes hormones that regulate the body's fluid levels. A. Adrenal B. Pituitary C. Testes D. Thyroid

B. Pituitary

The ________ places less emphasis on research and more emphasis on application of therapeutic skills. A. PhD B. PsyD C. Postdoctoral training program D. Dissertation

B. PsyD

LSD affects ________ neurotransmission. A. Dopamine B. Serotonin C. Acetylcholine D. Norepinephrine

B. Serotonin

________ appears to be especially important for enhanced performance on recently learned tasks. A. Melatonin B. Slow-wave sleep C. Sleep deprivation D. Growth hormone

B. Slow-wave sleep

Our ability to make our legs move as we walk across the room is controlled by the ________ nervous system. A. Autonomic B. Somatic C. Parasympathetic D. Sympathetic

B. Somatic

________ is another word for sleepwalking. A. Insomnia B. Somnambulism C. Cataplexy D. Narcolepsy

B. Somnabulism

Sleep spindles and k-complexes are most often associated with ________ sleep. A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 and stage 4 D. REM

B. Stage 2

The ________ receive(s) incoming signals from other neurons. A. Soma B. Terminal buttons C. Myelin sheath D. Dendrites

B. Terminal buttons

________ is most well-known for proposing his hierarchy of needs. A. Noam Chomsky B. Carl Rogers C. Abraham Maslow D. Sigmund Freud

C. Abraham Maslow

Longitudinal research is complicated by high rates of ________. A. Deception B. Observation C. Attrition D. Generalization

C. Attrition

________ is loss of muscle tone or control that is often associated with narcolepsy. A. RBD B. CPAP C. Cataplexy D. Insomnia

C. Cataplexy

Symptoms of ________ may be improved by REM deprivation. A. Schizophrenia B. Parkinson's disease C. Depression D. Generalized anxiety disorder

C. Depression

________ is the field of study that focuses on genes and their expression? A. Social psychology B. Evolutionary psychology C. Epigenetics D. Behavioral neuroscience

C. Epigenetics

Researchers might use ________ when providing participants with the full details of the experiment could skew their responses. A. Informed consent B. Deception C. Ethics D. Debriefing

C. Ethics

The ________ is a sensory relay station where all sensory information, except for smell, goes before being sent to other areas of the brain for further processing. A. Amygdala B. Hippocampus C. Hypothalamus D. Thalamus

C. Hypothalamus

The body's biological clock is located in the ________. A. Hippocampus B. Thalamus C. Hypothalamus D. Pituitary gland

C. Hypothalamus

One would need at least a(n) ________ degree to serve as a school psychologist. A. Associate's B. Bachelor's C. Master's D. Doctoral

C. Master's

________ involves observing behavior in individuals in their natural environments. A. Archival research B. Case study C. Naturalistic observation D. Survey

C. Naturalistic observation

Researchers must ________ important concepts in their studies so others would have a clear understanding of exactly how those concepts were defined. A. Randomly assign B. Randomly select C. Operationalize D. Generalize

C. Operationalize

If your ________ is activated, you will feel relatively at ease. A. Somatic nervous system B. Sympathetic nervous system C. Parasympathetic nervous system D. Spinal cord

C. Parasympathetic nervous system

An individual's consistent pattern of thought and behavior is known as a(n) ________. A. Psychosexual stage B. Object permanence C. Personality D. Perception

C. Personality

Before psychology became a recognized academic discipline, matters of the mind were undertaken by those in ________. A. Biology B. Chemistry C. Philosophy D. Physics

C. Philosophy

The ________ secretes messenger hormones that direct the function of the rest of the endocrine glands. A. Ovary B. Thyroid C. Pituitary D. Pancreas

C. Pituitary

Growth hormone is secreted by the ________ while we sleep. A. Pineal gland B. Thyroid C. Pituitary gland D. Pancreas

C. Pituitary gland

________ is(are) described as slow-wave sleep. A. Stage 1 B. Stage 2 C. Stage 3 and stage 4 D. REM sleep

C. Stage 3 and 4

The major limitation of case studies is ________. A. The superficial nature of the information collected in this approach B. The lack of control that the researcher has in this approach C. The inability to generalize the findings from this approach to the larger population D. The absence of inter-rater reliability

C. The inability to generalize the findings from this approach to the larger population

________ occurs when a drug user requires more and more of a given drug in order to experience the same effects of the drug. A. Withdrawal B. Psychological dependence C. Tolerance D. Reuptake

C. Tolerance

A person's participation in a research project must be ________. A. Random B. Rewarded C. Voluntary D. Public

C. Voluntary

Which of the following was mentioned as a skill to which psychology students would be exposed? A. Critical thinking B. Use of the scientific method C. Critical evaluation of sources of information D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Using existing records to try to answer a research question is known as ________. A. Naturalistic observation B. Survey research C. Longitudinal research D. Archival research

D. Archival research

Height and weight are positively correlated. This means that: A. There is no relationship between height and weight B. Usually, the taller someone is, the thinner they are. C. Usually, the shorter someone is, the heavier they are. D. As height increases, typically weight increases.

D. As height increases, typically weight increases

Which of the following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school? A. PhD B. PsyD C. Master's degree D. Bachelor's degree

D. Bachelor's degree

Meditation may be helpful in ________. A. Pain management B. Stress control C. Treating the flu D. Both A and B

D. Both A and B

Sympathetic activation is associated with ________. A. Pupil dilation B. Storage of glucose in the liver C. Increased heart rate D. Both A and C

D. Both A and C

The central nervous system is comprised of ________. A. Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems B. Organs and glands C. Somatic and autonomic nervous systems D. Brain and spinal cord

D. Brain and spinal cord

Cocaine blocks the reuptake of ________. A. GABA B. Glutamate C. Acetylcholine D. Dopamine

D. Dopamine

A researcher interested in what factors make an employee best suited for a given job would most likely identify as a(n) ________ psychologist. A. Personality B. Clinical C. Social D. I-O

D. I-O

A(n) ________ is a sudden, permanent change in a sequence of DNA? A. Allele B. Chromosome C. Epigenetic D. Mutation

D. Mutation

The most common treatment for ________ involves the use of amphetamine-like medications. A. Sleep apnea B. RBD C. SIDS D. Narcolepsy

D. Narcolepsy

If someone wanted to become a psychology professor at a 4-year college, they would probably need a ________ degree in psychology. A. Bachelor of science B. Bachelor of art C. Master's D. PhD

D. PhD

Sometimes, researchers will administer a(n) ________ to participants in the control group to control for the effects that participant expectation might have on the experiment. A. Dependent variable B. Independent variable C. Statistical analysis D. Placebo

D. Placebo

In the scientific method, a hypothesis is a(n) ________. A. Observation B. Measurement C. Test D. Proposed explanation

D. Proposed explanation

________ means that everyone in the population has the same likelihood of being asked to participate in the study. A. Operationalizing B. Placebo effect C. Random assignment D. Random sampling

D. Random sampling

________ occurs when there is a chronic deficiency in sleep. A. Jet lag B. Rotating shift work C. Circadian rhythm D. Sleep debt

D. Sleep debt

Which statement best illustrates a negative correlation between the number of hours spent watching TV the week before an exam and the grade on that exam? A. Watching too much television leads to poor exam performance B. Smart students what less television C. Viewing television interferes with a student's ability to prepare for the upcoming exam D. Students who watch more television perform more poorly on their exams

D. Students who watch more television perform more poorly on their exams

Which of the following is NOT a structure of the forebrain? A. Thalamus B. Hippocampus C. Amygdala D. Substantia nigra

D. Substantia nigra

A(n) ________ is a list of questions developed by a researcher that can be administered in paper form. A. Archive B. Case study C. Naturalistic observation D. Survey

D. Survey

Scientific hypotheses are ________ and falsifiable. A. Observable B. Original C. Provable D. Testable

D. Testable

Rogers believed that providing genuineness, empathy, and ________ in the therapeutic environment for his clients was critical to their being able to deal with their problems. A. Structuralism B. Functionalism C. Gestalt D. Unconditional positive regard

D. Unconditional positive regard

A major criticism of Freud's early theories involves the fact that his theories ________. A. Were too limited in scope B. Were too outrageous C. Were too broad D. Were not testable

D. Were not testable