Exam 1 Review Sheet: Physical/Biological Anthropology - Section 1

Genetic change from one generation to the next is known as___

B. Microevolution

Human beings have___ pairs of chromosomes.

A. 23

Evidence for evolution consists of___

A. All of the Above

You often hear arguments about whether evolution is a fact or a theory. Which is it?

A. Both

Alleles are___ if both of their effects are shown in the phenotype.

A. Codominant

Some traits are dominant, and some traits are recessive. This is known as Mendel's Law of___

A. Dominance

The shape of a DNA molecule is a___

A. Helix

The study of evolution of peppered moth provides an excellent example of___

A. Natural Selection

Each parent contributes one allele at each locus to his or her offspring. This is known as Mendel's Law___

A. Segregation

In DNA, the base A pairs with the base___

A. T

Populations in nature potentially exceed food resources in a given environment. Not all organisms secure enough food for survival every generation. Most die, only some go on to reproduce. These ideas were proposed by___

A. Thomas Malthus

Prior to the development of evolutionary thinking, the dominant view of biological variation focused on___

A. an unchanging natural world

A species is defined as a___

A. group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

Natural selection can act to___ variation between populations.

A. increase and decrease

Gene flow acts to make population___

A. more genetically similar to each other

The hypothesis of acquired characteristics stated that___

A. organisms changed during their lifetime, and would then pass these changes on to their offspring

The process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is copied onto RNA is called___

A. transcription.

While Darwin is often credited with the discovery of evolution by means of natural selection, ___ came to the same conclusions independently.

B. Alfred Russel Wallace

The probability of survival and reproduction of an organism is known as its___

B. Fitness

Which of the following is NOT a branch of anthropology?

B. Geographic anthropology

Each new generation has new variations. The first scholar to begin to grasp why this happens was___

B. Gregor Mendel.

____by taking a literal approach to the Bible, determined the Earth was 6,000 years old.

B. James Ussher

A major discovery with the human genome and decoding other species genomes is that all life shares a lot of genes in common?

B. True, all life shares a significant number of genes in common.

New alleles can be brought into a population by___

B. gene flow and mutation.

Sometimes alleles for different traits are inherited together. This is due to___

B. genetic linkage.

Balancing selection can be described as selection for the___

B. heterozygote.

Anthropology is___

B. the scientific study of humans

Biological Anthropologists study?

C. All of the Above

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main points outlined in the Theory of Evolution by Means of Natural Selection?

C. Fixity or immutability of species

The total DNA sequences of an organism is known as its___

C. Genome

Extinction as a concept was first understood and put forth by___

C. George Cuvier

The process of sex-cell formation provides___ chromosomes to an offspring from each parent.

C. Half

Bodily characteristics develop due to the wants and needs of the organism. This is part of a theory known as___

C. Lamarckism

Where is DNA found in a cell?

C. Primarily in the nucleus but can also be found in the mitochondria.

DNA regulates the process of protein synthesis with the help of___

C. RNA

Traits can skip a generation and reappear in the next generation. This is known as Mendel's Law of___

C. Unit Inheritance.

Fitness refers to an organism's___

C. ability to survive and reproduce in its environment.

Darwin's development of natural selection was influenced by the writings of the economist Thomas Malthus, who noted that___

C. many organisms will not survive in adulthood.

Mutations___

C. must occur in sex cells to have an evolutionary impact.

The claims of creation science are invalid from a scientific standpoint because___

C. they propose hypotheses that cannot be tested.

Geological processes at work today are the same as those at work in the past. This is known as____

C. uniformitarianism

Which is NOT one of the mechanisms of evolution?

Nonrandom mating.