Exam 2 (1)
Buchanan v. Warley (1915)
A Supreme Court ruling that invalidated a residential segregation ordinance in Louisville, Kentucky.
Powell v. Alabama
A Supreme Court ruling that overturned the original convictions in the case because the judge had not ensured that the accused were provided adequate defense attorneys. The Court ordered new trials.
Norris v. Alabama
A Supreme Court ruling that ruled the exclusion of African Americans from Alabama juries had denied the Scottsboro defendants equal protection under the law- a principle that had widespread impact on state courts by opening up juries to blacks.
Austro-Hungarian Empire
A collection of eleven nationalities that was determined to stop aggressive expansionism of its neighbor and long-standing enemy, Serbia; it was at the core of the tensions in Europe.
Indian New Deal
A diluted version of John Collier's proposed Indian Reorganization Act, which was designed to reinvigorate Native American cultural traditions by restoring land to tribes, grant them the right to start businesses and establish self-governing constitutions, and provide federal funds for vocational training and economic developed. The Indian New Deal brought partial improvement to the lives on Native Americans, but it did spur the various tribes to revise their constitutions so as to give women the right to vote and hold office.
National Youth Administration (NYA)
A government agency that provided part-time employment to students and aided jobless youths.
Recession
A slowdown in economic growth.
Initiative
A petition for citizens to have a proposal put on the ballot.
Amelia Earhart
A pioneering aviator who was former stunt pilot at air shows who became the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic. She disappeared flying over the Pacific Ocean in 1937.
Women's Christian Temperance Union
A powerful campaign organized by women to address social ills. This organization boasted 300,000 members and, by attacking drunkenness and closing saloons, the reformers hoped to accomplish three things: 1. prevent domestic violence by husbands and fathers; 2. reduce crime in the streets; and 3. remove one of the worst tools of corruption- free beer on election days- used by political bosses to "buy" votes among the working class.
Recall
A progressive innovation whereby corrupt or incompetent elected officials could be removed by public petition and vote.
Arabic Pledge
A public assurance on September 1, 1915 from the German government: "Liners will not be sunk by our submarines without warning and without safety of the lives of non-combatants, provided that the liners do not try to escape or offer resistance."
Identify the following contributions to the modernist movement.
- Armory Show: made modern art popular in the United States - Lost Generation: produced cynical literary works inspired by the events of World War I - Albert Einstein: produced scientific discoveries that changed the way people viewed reality
Put the following postwar events in chronological order.
- Democrats lose control of both houses of Congress. - Peace talks begin in Paris. - The Treaty of Versailles is signed. - President Wilson begins a transcontinental speaking tour to bolster public support for the League of Nations.
Identify how the following contributed to the reactionary conservatism of the 1920s.
- Emergency Immigration Act of 1921: This act used the 1910 census to set immigration limits for immigrants from Europe. - Immigration Act of 1924: This act limited the number of immigrants who could enter the country to 150,000 per year. - Ku Klux Klan: White Protestant Americans used this to intimidate and discriminate against immigrants and other people who were not "natives."
Identify what encouraged the development of the following industries during the 1920s.
- Oil: The increasing popularity of automobiles provided a market for this growing American industry. - Automobile: States and the federal government built thousands of miles of national highways and roads. - Radio: This industry grew as national companies used mass advertising to sell consumer products. - Airplane: The Air Commerce Act allowed the government to fund airport construction.
Put the following post-World War I events in chronological order.
- Postal workers intercept nearly forty mail bombs addressed to government officials. - A bomb destroys the front of U.S. Attorney General Palmer's house in Washington, D.C. - J. Edgar Hoover is appointed to head a government agency tasked with gathering information on radical groups, such as anarchists and socialists. - Federal agents round up 5,000 suspected radicals and deport some to Russia.
Although one early commentator wrote in the Literary Digest, "Our isolated position and freedom from entangling alliances [ensure that] we are in no peril of being drawn into the European quarrel," America would ultimately be drawn into the conflict. Put in chronological order the following events that contributed to the United States joining the First World War.
- World War I begins with a German declaration of war. - President Wilson allows American banks to loan money to the governments of nations at war. - The sinking of the Lusitania outrages the American public and leaders. - Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare in the Atlantic. - The American public reacted angrily to the Zimmermann telegram.
Eleanor Roosevelt
-1st lady & social reformer -pushed FDR to appoint women to govt. positions
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
-32nd President (D) 1933-1945 -2 term governor from NY -distant cousin of Teddy Roosevelt -overwhelming victory; Senate & House won huge majority -"Brain Trust" - team of advisors
African Americans and New Deal
-Eleanor Roosevelt arranged for singer Marion Anderson to perform at the Lincoln Memorial on Easter, 1939 -*FDR refused to approve a federal anti-lynching law & end the poll tax (S Dem.)
Mugwumps
"Gentlemen" reformers who had fought the patronage system and insisted the government jobs be awarded on the basis of merit.
Huey Long
-Louisiana Senator & critic of New Deal -Share-Our-Wealth program -Motto "Every Man a King" -proposed limiting fortunes (3-4 million), guaranteed incomes ($2,500), & free college education -assassinated
What does it reveal about the national consumer culture?
-Manufacturers marketed directly to women, who managed the domestic life of the family. -Consumer culture grew as manufacturers produced new appliances for the home.
What were the other major new social and cultural trends and movements that became prominent during the twenties? How did they challenge traditional standards and customs? Identify the tactics employed by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to support its mission.
-The NAACP actively campaigned for racial equality through the use of legal action. -The NAACP researched and publicized the problems faced by African Americans.
Identify how new technologies and the rise of consumer culture influenced American life.
-The radio became the center of American home life. -The United States became a worldwide producer of movies.
New Deal Coalition
-alliance of diverse groups dedicated to supporting the Dem party in the 30's & 40's -S whites, AA's, women, urban groups, & unionized workers -Women & AA's were appointed to federal positions & programs -*unions enjoyed better conditions & increased bargaining power -*work-relief programs & labor laws attracted urban voters
Art
-artists supported by the Federal Art Project (a branch of the WPA) -art was sober and serious -*Grant Wood*- famous painting- American Gothic
TV
-comedians Bob Hope, Jack Benny, & George Burns -soap operas- sponsored by soap companies; played late morning for homemakers -children's programs ran late afternoon once they were home from school
New Deal Under Attack
-conservatives argued the New Deal spent too much $ on direct relief & policies to control businesses & socialize the economy -conservative Supreme Court struck down the NIRA as unconstitutional & the AAA- saying agriculture should be regulated by the states
Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act)
-defined unfair labor practices -settled disputes between employers & employees (collective bargaining)
Identify the effects that artists and writers following modernism sought to have on American society.
-disseminate new and unconventional ideas -disturb society
Radio
-families spent hours listening to radio shows -FDR & "fireside chats" - most direct means to access Americans
Orson Welles
-famous radio broadcast based on the novel The War of the Worlds -Martians had invaded Earth! - power of mass media recognized -directed movie classic Citizen Kane (1941)
Farm Security Admin
-helped tenant farmers become landowners -hired photographers to document rural towns & farms
Congress of Industrial Org
-labor organization composed of industrial unions -sit-down strike was a bargaining tactic in the 30's
New Deal
-program designed to end the depression -*3 goals- relief for needy, economic recovery, financial reform
Works Progress Admin
-quickly created unskilled jobs -construction -women sewing groups -historians
Fair Labor Standards Act
-set max work hrs. a week & minimum wage -40 cents an hour by 1945
deficit spending
-spending more $ than the govt. receives in revenue -FDR agreed to w/ reluctance
Movies
-talking pictures ushered in a new era in Hollywood -(comedies, musicals, love stories, and gangster films) -*Gone With the Wind*- (1939) drama about S plantation life during the Civil War -The Wizard of Oz - (1939) -Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs - (1937) animation by Walt Disney
New taxes
0
By 1932, how many Americans were out of work as a result of the Great Depression?
1 in 4
Complete the passage below describing how the automotive industry influenced economic growth in the 1920s. As more Americans purchased cars, there arose a greater need for __1__ to support them. The __2__ industry thrived as new automotive plants were built, along with __3__. The demand for automobiles also sparked new innovations such as the __4__, which made cars and other mass-produced items more affordable.
1 infrastructure 2 construction 3 roads and bridges 4 assembly-line process
What does "modernism" mean in intellectual and artistic terms? How did the modernist movements influence American culture in the early twentieth century? Complete the passage below describing the influences on the modernist movement. Modernism began as a reaction to __1__ changes, such as the theory of __2__, as well as __3__. Modernists believed that __4__ could not be taken for granted, and many modernists also __5__ in God. Modernists' experimentation with __6__ forms reflected a belief in a __7__ reality.
1 scientific 2 relativity 3 World War 1 4 social progress 5 did not believe 6 artistic 7 subjective
what ratio represents the approximate casualties of americans to japanese at guadalcanal
1 to 10
put the following items in the correct sequential order of appearance according to the lecture
1. bullion 2. paper money 3. checks 4. credit cards
place the proper chronological order/sequence according to the lectures
1. spanish american war 2. world war I 3. german annexation of czechoslovakia 4. world war II
By 1932, approximately how many Americans were unemployed?
15 million
by 1939 what proportion of the american labor force remained out of work
17 Percent
on average how many british soldiers died daily in the great war?
1800
according to the the frontier era of american development had ended
1890 national census
Prohibition
18th Amendment - a law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages
how long did the conflict known as the great war last
1914 TO 1918
the first new deal lasted from
1933-1935
"Welfare state"
A series of new programs that was created to help people get jobs, which was the first time the federal government took responsibility for assisting the most desperate Americans.
In 1992, Hispanics made up ______ percent of registered voters. In 2014, they were ______ percent.
2, 10
according to your textbook, in 1959 this percentage of americans had no financial assets to their name
25 percent
by 1900 what percentage of the residents in major cities was foreign born
30 percent
in 1992 hispanics made up _____ percent of registered voters, in 2014 they were _______ percent
35, 54
in the presidential election of 1920, women made up what percentage of the electorate
40 percent
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
50-year-old heir of the Austro-Hungarian throne who was assassinated along with his wife on June 28, 1914 by Gavrilo Princip.
Sixteenth Amendment
A Constitutional amendment that authorized the federal income tax.
Great War, First World War, World War I
A European conflict that suddenly erupted in 1914, lasting four years with 20 million civilian and military deaths and 21 million people wounded. The war resulted from national rivalries and ethnic conflicts.
What was content of the Zimmermann telegram, and why was it so significant in bringing the United States into World War I?
A German official contacted the Mexican government and encouraged Mexico to invade the United States, which pushed the United States toward joining the war.
Rural Electrification Admin
$ to bring electricity to isolated areas
Federal Emergency Relief Admin
$500 million for direct relief for needy in form of grants & work relief programs
Progressive Movement
(1901 -1917) Formed by Midwestern Farmers, Socialists, and Labor Organizers -attacked monopolies, and wanted other reforms, such as bimetallism, transportation regulation, the 8-hour work day, and income tax
Fourteen Points
(1918) President Woodrow Wilson's proposed
Bonus Expeditionary Force (Bonus Army)
(1932) Protest march on Washington, D.C. by thousands of military veterans and their families, calling for immediate payment of their service bonus certificates; violence ensued when President Herbert Hoover ordered their tent villages cleared.
First New Deal
(1933-1935) Franklin D. Roosevelt's ambitious first-term cluster of economic and social programs designed to combat the Great Depression.
Social Security Act
(1935) Legislation enacted to provide federal assistance to retired workers through tax-funded pension payments and benefit payments to the unemployed and disabled.
Consumer culture
A society in which mass production and consumption of nationality advertised products comes to dictate much of social life and status.
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
A tariff that made it more difficult for European nations to sell their products in the United States, which meant that those countries had less money with which to buy American goods.
"Flaming youth"
A term used to describe the wild parties, free love, speakeasies, skinny-dipping, and the uses to which automobiles were put on lovers' lanes.
Homelessness
A thousand Americans per day lost their homes to foreclosure.
Florence Kelley
A tireless activist who fought to improve living conditions for the poor and to end child labor who voiced the Progressive Era's widespread belief that once people knew "the truth" about social ill,s "they would act upon it."
During the 1980s, this epidemic ran rampant among gay men and intravenous drug users.
AIDS
During the 1950s, the United States experiences a wave of juvenile delinquency. What was a primary cause?
Access to automobiles
Which of the following ideologies did suffragists incorporate into their movement?
Activists used the social gospel to make a case for women's suffrage.
In 1989, the Soviet Union pulled out of
Afghanistan
Of all the political witch hunts during the Truman administration, the one most damaging to his administration involved
Alger Hiss
Which of the following was part of Marcus Garvey's message to African Americans?
All races should have social and political separation in order to promote their own ideals.
Installment buying
Allowed consumers to pay over a period of time while obtaining the product immediately. This caused consumer debt to almost triple during the twenties and by 1929, almost 60 percent of American purchases were made on the installment plan.
Frances Perkins
America's 1st female cabinet member; secretary of labor -*some New Deal programs set lower minimum wages for women (NRA) or only hired men (CCC)
This organization was created to assist Native Americans during the 1960s.
American Indian Movement
Susan B. Anthony
An ardent suffragist who co-founded the Woman Suffrage Association with Elizabeth Cady Stanton to promote a woman suffrage amendment to the Constitution, higher pay for women workers, and easier divorces for abused wives.
Progressive Era
An extraordinary period of intense social activism and dramatic political innovation.
Casualties were staggering in the Great War, mainly because of new technologies. Which of the following was not used in the Great War?
Atomic weapons
SSA as retirement funds
Beginning in 1937, workers and employers contributed payroll taxes to establish the fund. Most of the collected taxes were spent on pension payments to retirees; whatever was left over went into a trust fund for the future.
For modernists, what would be considered a great honor?
Being completely misunderstood by their intended audience.
The computer company Microsoft is best associated with
Bill Gates
Lusitania
British ocean liner torpedoed and sunk by a German U-boat; the death of nearly 1,200 of its civilian passenger, including 128 Americans, caused an international outrage.
According to your textbook, Roosevelt's early higher taxes of the first New Deal were often criticized by ________________ and _________________.
Business leaders; political conservatives
Open shop
Business policy of not requiring union membership as a condition of employment; such a policy, where legal, has the effect of weakening unions and diminishing workers' rights.
Signs of a weakening economy
By 1927, steel production, residential construction, and automobile sales were slowing, as was the rate of consumer spending. by mid-1929, industrial production, employment, and other measures of economic activity were also declining. In early September, the stock market fell sharply and by mid-October, world markets were in a steep decline.
Unemployment
By 1932, a quarter of the workforce was out work. Businesses posted signs that read, "We are Firing, not Hiring."
"Return to normalcy"
Campaign promise of Republican presidential candidate Warren G. Harding in 1920, meant to contrast with Woodrow Wilson's progressive and internationalism.
President Reagan viewed this area as the greatest threat to the United States
Central America
Complete the passage below describing how Congress improved working conditions during the Second New Deal.
Congress created a MINIMUM WAGE and limited the workweek to FORTY HOURS. The FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT made SIXTEEN the minimum age for employment. Congress' new laws applied to businesses ENGAGED IN INTERSTATE COMMERCE.
The United States involvement in Vietnam grew from an earlier policy of
Containment
Western Front
Contested frontier between Central and Allied Powers that ran along northern France and across Belgium; it was the line of fighting after Germany invaded Belgium.
Identify Roosevelt's strategy for providing federal work relief to jobless Americans, and evaluate its success.
Correct Answer(s) - His strategy was initially limited to the state level; however, he implemented a federal work relief program soon after. - As unprecedented as the work relief projects were, Roosevelt viewed these programs as temporary and was reluctant to sustain them.
What impact did the stock market crash of 1929 have on the American economy?
Correct Answer(s) - It exposed the shaky foundations of the 1920s economy. - It led to a widespread panic that deepened the economic crisis.
Identify some of the factors that contributed to the Red Summer of 1919.
Correct Answer(s) - Many whites associated African American civil rights activists with communism. - The Great Migration of African Americans out of the South into northern urban areas led to heightened racial tension in many cities.
How did Roosevelt's vision in the 1932 presidential election differ from that of Hoover, the incumbent president?
Correct Answer(s) - Unlike Hoover, Roosevelt believed in using federal funds to thwart poverty and stimulate economic recovery. - Roosevelt was a strong believer in experimenting with new and bold strategies to revive the economy.
Baseball
Created in the 1870s in rural areas, baseball had, by the 1920s, gone urban and earned its label of "the national pastime." Professional baseball teams attracted intense loyalties and intense crowds. In 1920, more than a million spectators attended Yankee's games.
In 1962, U.S. spy planes discovered what appeared to be Soviet missile sites in
Cuba
Emergency Banking relief Act
Declared a four-day bank holiday to allow the financial panic to subside. Roosevelt's financial experts worked all night drafting a bill to restore confidence in the nation's banks.
What was not a factor in the surging economy of the United States after WWII?
Decrease in federal taxes
In working with the Russians, President Nixon pursued a policy of
Detente
Conservatives during the 1950s were outraged by the actions of the new generation. Who best epitomized their scorn?
Elvis Presley
Which of the following was not passed during President Nixon's administration?
Equal rights amendment
The commander of the German forces at Normandy who was at home during the invasion was
Erwin Rommel
To apply pressure in diplomatic circles in regards to Vietnam, President Nixon
Expanded the air war
Second New Deal (1935-1938)
Expansive cluster of legislation proposed by President Roosevelt that established new regulatory agencies, strengthened the rights of workers to organize unions, and laid the foundation of a federal social welfare system through the creation of Social Security.
Einstein's discoveries, including his general theory of relativity, had little impact on the world outside the scientific community because the average person could not understand his science.
FALSE
Because of the overall prosperity of the decade, blacks were able to close the income gap with whites by the end of the 1950s.
False
Between 1945 and 1954, Chicago witnessed two large race riots
False
By 1966, Martin Luther King Jr. had become a leading spokesman for black power
False
During the early years of the Great Depression, millions of Americans suffered from rising inflation, a collapsing financial system, food shortages, and land evictions. But because most were willing to endure severe wage decreases, employment remained steady.
False
Roosevelt's unpopularity among African American voters convinced him not to run in the 1908 election because it was unlikely that he would be victorious.
False
T/F: In May 1945, Germany surrendered in exchange for assurances that Hitler would not be tried as a war criminal.
False
T/F: The Battle of the Leyte Gulf underscored Japan's ability to continue in defense of the Philippines
False
The majority of the American troops who died during World War I died in combat.
False
The postwar era witnessed tremendous economic depression and failing social contentment
False
Within days of U.S withdrawal, the cease-fire in Vietnam collapsed.
False
Which of the following did not benefit from a post-World War I economic boom?
Farmers
GDP
From 1929 to 1933, the United States economic output dropped almost 27 percent.
When President Franklin D. Roosevelt died in office, he was succeeded by
Harry S. Truman
What statement best describes the Democrats' 1952 presidential candidate. Adlai Stevenson?
He was barely known outside of his home state.
What was President Clinton's greatest legislative failure during his first administration?
Health care reform
When Coolidge chose not to run for a second term of his own, the Republicans nominated
Herbert Hoover
Why did spectator sports become popular in the 1920s?
Higher incomes and innovations in transportation allowed Americans to attend professional sporting events.
The first atomic bomb was dropped on
Hiroshima
In May 1947, charges were issued at this entity as a hotbed of communism.
Hollywood
Wilbur and Orville Wright
In 1903, the owners of a bicycle shop in Dayton, Ohio, had built and flown the first airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
Automobile revolution
In 1916, the total of cars in the United States passed 1 million: by 1920, more than 8 million were registered, and 1929 there were more than 23 million. This revolution was propelled by the discovery of vast oil fields in Texas, Oklahoma, Wyoming, and California.
During the Great War, African American men fought
In racially segregated units
Settlement house
Innovative community centers that provided housing, sponsored health clinics, lectures, music lessons and art studios, men's club, and employment bureau, job training, gymnasiums, coffeehouses, and savings bank.
After World War I came to an end, the United States actively practiced ______________ in its relations with the rest of the world.
Isolationism
Analyze the map below. Immigrants from which of the following nations faced discrimination for their radical political ideologies?
Italy
Fears of revolution were so widespread in post-war America that the U.S. attorney general created a government division to collect information on radicals headed by
J. Edgar Hoover
Which ethnic group was forbidden from immigrating to the United States by the immigration laws passed in the 1920s?
Japanese
The "father" of Eisenhower's policy of massive retaliation was
John F. Dulles
The first author to illustrate the increasing feeling of anxiety in the United States after WWII was
John Galbraith
The Grapes of Wrath
John Stein's best-selling novel about the Depression published in 1939 that was about a poor but proud woman being disgraced by accepting "charity" from the Salvation Army.
During Eisenhower's administration, the conflict in _______ came to an end
Korea
In what region of the nation did women first gain full suffrage rights?
Left Side
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Legislation that paid farmers to produce less in order to raise crop prices for all; it was later declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of United States v. Butler.
New Era
Major social and political changes signaled in American life.
The student free-speech movement was created by
Mario Savio
"Black Cabinet"
Mary McLeod Bethune worked with other blacks in New Deal agencies to form an informal cabinet to ensure that African Americans across the country had equal access to federal programs.
Great Migration
Mass exodus of African Americans from the rural South to the Northeast and Midwest during and after the great War.
President Lyndon Johnson's plan to provide health insurance for the elderly is known as
Medicare
Richard Nixon secured what famous country singer to promote his presidential campaign?
Merle Haggard
Founded in the 1960s, this group worked to promote the advancement of women
NOW
What landmark piece of President Carter's administration was referred to as being "nibbled to death by ducks"?
National Energy Act
Prohibition (1920-1933)
National ban on the manufactured and sale of alcohol, though the law was widely violated and proved too difficult to enforce effectively.
Much as the New Deal ignored African Americans, it also ignored
Native Americans
Richard Wright
Native Son: about a young black man trying to survive in a racist world
Sussex
On March 4, 1916, a U-boat torpedoed the French ferry Sussex, killing eighty passengers and injuring two Americans.
Black Tuesday
On October 29, after a week of stock market values tumbling and investors trying to sell stocks whose values were falling, widespread panic set. The worst day in the stock market history up o that point set stock market prices into a free fall, creating a financial panic as businesses and banks went bankrupt.
When the United States entered the Great War, American troops were most needed
On the Western Front
Lincoln Steffens
One of the leading muckrakers in the McClure's magazine who answered the question of "Will the people rule? Is democracy possible?" with was to make it more democratic. He pushed fro several reforms intended to make the political process more open and transparent.
Ida Tarbell
One of the most dedicated muckrakers who spent years doggedly investigating the illegal means by which John D. Rockefeller had built his gigantic Standard Oil Trust.
"Shell-shock'
Post-traumatic stress disorder that affected thousands of soldiers.
Carrie Chapman Catt
President of the National American Woman Suffrage Association who echoed the fears of many women when she warned of the danger that "lies int he votes possessed by the males in the slums of the cities, and the ignorant foreign vote."
Nativism
Reactionary conservative movement characterized by heightened nationalism, anti-immigrant sentiment, and laws setting stricter regulations on immigration.
Heading toward the 1984 election, what term was used to describe President Reagan's first administration?
Reagan Revolution
Hoover was a member of what political party?
Republican
What was not part of Eisenhower's Moderate Republicanism plan?
Restore authority to the federal government
Who won the presidential election of 1968?
Richard Nixon
Who did not run as a candidate for president in 2000?
Ross Perot
The Townsend Plan targeted which segment of the American population to aid during the Great Depression?
Senior citizens
During George W. Bush's presidency, what event boosted his public approval rate the most?
September 11, 2001
Hoovervilles
Shantytowns that sprouted from the Great Depression; they were given this name in criticism of the president.
Secretary of State Bryan places demands on Germany
Signed a letter demanding that the Germans abandon unrestricted submarine warfare and reparations to the families of those killed in the sinking of the Lusitania. The Germans responded that the ship was armed (false) and secretly carried a cargo of rifles and ammunition (true). A second letter was sent repeating the American demands in stronger terms.
The Great Bull Market
Since 1924, the prices of stock shares invested in U.S. companies had steadily risen. Beginning in 1927, prices soared further on wings of reckless speculation.
During the civil rights movement, peaceful protests at white-only establishments were called
Sit-ins
How did the following progressive reforms contribute to the promotion of social justice in the United States?
Sixteenth Amendment - income tax created by Congress to redistribute wealth and prevent the richest Americans from controlling all the nation's wealth National Consumers League - educated Americans about child labor and poor working conditions Temperance Movement - campaign against the evils of alcohol
Revenue Act of 1935
Sometimes called the "Wealth-Tax ACt" but popularly known as the "soak-the-rich" tax, it raised tax rates on annual income above $50,000, in part because of stories that many wealthy Americans were not paying taxes.
During the Great War, the Espionage and Sedition Acts
Stifled free speech
In 1962, Tom Hayden and Al Haber created this, the first campus organization based on the tactics employed during the civil rights.
Students for a Democratic Society
The biggest housing boom after WWII came in this area.
Suburbs
in this case, the supreme court ordered that if it is necessary for minorities to be bussed to other schools to achieve racial equality, it must be done.
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
The NAACP sought to stop lynching, which was still a commonly accepted form of vigilante racist violence in many areas of the nation.
TRUE
The modernist movement was an artistic response to the technological and scientific breakthroughs of the 1920s.
TRUE
Identify the actions Taft took that angered Roosevelt.
Taft fired Gifford Pinchot and allowed federally protected lands to be used for commercial interests.
The Supreme Court was hostile to many New Deal elements during Roosevelt's first term, ruling that elements such as the NRA were unconstitutional in seven out of nine cases that it reviewed. What was the main theme of the Court's decisions?
The Court ruled that the New Deal gave too much power to the federal government.
After the stock market crash of 1929, the Federal Reserve reduced the nation's money supply in an attempt to prevent inflation in consumer prices and restore confidence in the economy. This policy shrunk the nation's money supply by one-third between 1929 and 1932. What impact did this action have on the economy?
The Federal Reserve withdrew money from the economy, slowing economic growth rather than stimulating it.
Who did the Great Depression affect?
The Great Depression affected all classes and colors.
New Deal discrimination
The New Deal programs reflected President Roosevelt's disinterest on social issues such as racism and segregation.
Central Powers
The Triple Alliance; one of the two sides during the Great War, including Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.
Ford's Model T. Car
The celebrated "Tin Lizzie," cheap and long-lasting, came out in 1908 at a price of $850. By 1924, as a result of Ford's increasingly efficient production techniques, the same car sold for $290. The car came in only black.
What new method of governing cites was first implemented in Galveston Texas after a hurricane desrtroyed the city
The commission system
"On margin"
The common practice for buying stocks which allowed investors to make a small cash down payment (the margin) on shares of stock and borrow the rest from a stockbroker, who held the stock certificates as security in case the stock price plummeted. If stock prices rose, the investor made enough profits to pay for the "margin" loan and reinvested the rest. But if the stock price declined and the buyer failed to meet a "margin call" for cash to pay off the broker's loan, the broker could sell the stock at a much lower price to cover the loan.
Francis Perkins
The first female cabinet member who was the Secretary of Labor and designed the Social Security Act.
Which of the following statements regarding wilsons forteen points is incorrect
The fourteen points called for racial inequality
Marcus Garvey
The leading spokesman of Negro nationalism and the founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association who promoted racial segregation and hoped for an African Empire in Africa.
Serbia
The long-standing enemy of the Austro-Hungarian Empire that is in the Balkan peninsula.
Car culture
The mass production of automobiles changed social life during the twentieth centruy. During the 1920s, Americans literally developed a love affair with cars. cars enabled people to live farther away from their workplaces, thus encouraging suburban sprawl. Cars also helped fuel the economic boom of steel, rubber, leather, oil, and gasoline and stimulated road construction.
Huey Long
The most potent threat to Roosevelt who was Louisiana's Democratic senator. He was known as "Kingfish," and was a theatrical political performer (a demagogue) who appealed to the raw emotions of the masses. He devised a simplistic plan for dealing with the Great Depression that he called the Share-the-Wealth Society, which would raise taxes on the wealthiest Americans and redistribute the money to "the people"-giving every poor family $5,000 and every worker an annual income of $2,500.
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
The most successful of the New Deals programs to provide jobs to the unemployment that was managed by the War Department. It built 2,500 camps around the nation to house 3 million unemployed, unmarried young men aged eighteen to twenty-five to work as "soil soldiers" in national forests, parks, and recreational areas and on soil-conversation projects.
Harlem Renaissance
The nation's first self-conscious black literary and artistic movement; centered in New York City's Harlem district, which had a largely black population in the wake of Great Migration from the South.
Giant "chain" corporations
The new consumer culture helped create a national marketplace of retail stores and brands in which local and regional businesses were squeezed out. Large national retailers bought goods in such large quantities that they were able to get discounted prices that they passed on to consumers.
SSA for the disabled
The new legislation committed the national government to a broad range of social-welfare activities based upon the assumption that "unemployables"- people who were unable to work- would remain a state responsibility while the national government would provide work relief for the able-bodied.
Brain trust
The president assembled a team of brilliant specialists, many of them professors, who feverishly developed fresh ideas to address the nation's urgent problems and advise the president about options.
FDR's 1933 inaugural address
The president confessed that he did not have all the answers, but he did know that "this nation asks for action, and action now." To deal with the crisis, he asked Congress for " a broad executive power to wage war against the emergency" just as "if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe." His uplifting speech won rave reviews and letters from nearly 500,000 Americans.
Hoover and volunteers
The president hoped that ¨the natural generosity¨ of the American people and local charitable organizations would be sufficient to handle the crisis, and he believed that volunteers (the backbone of local charity organizations) would relieve the social distress caused by the Depression.
Hoover rejects federal intervention
The president refused to provide any federal programs to help the needy for fear that the nation would be ¨plunged into socialism¨ if the government provided direct support to the poor. His governing philosophy, rooted in Americaś mythic commitment to rugged individualism, self-reliance, and free enterprise, set firm limits on emergency government action, and he was unwilling to set that philosophy aside even to meet an unprecedented national emergency.
How was the foundation of the progressive movement different than that of the populist movement
The progressive movement was based on addressing issues that occured in urban areas
Banks close
The psychological panic of the stock market crash forced more than 9,000 banks to close their doors after people took their money out them and the stock market.
Temperance
The reduction of alcohol consumption.
Automobile
The remarkable growth of the automotive industry created an immediate need for roads and highways helped to stimulate other industries such as steel, concrete, an furniture.
Mass culture
The result of mass advertising and marketing campaigns. More and more Americans now not only saw and heard the same advertisements and shopped at the same companies' stores, but also read the same magazines, listened to the same radio programs, and watched the same movies. Through these media, they could follow the lives and careers of the nation's first celebrities and superstars.
Psychological panic
The stock market had the added effect of panic that accelerated the economic decline. Frightened that they were at risk of losing everything, people rushed to get their money out of banks and out of the stock market, making the situation worse.
Referendum
The votes from citizens of a initiative.
20's Construction
The war had caused people to postpone building offices, plants, homes, and apartments. By 1921, however, a building boom was underway that would last the rest of the decade and led the way to an economic boom.
Leisure time
The widespread ownership of automobiles as well as rising incomes changed the way people spent their leisure time. during the 1920s, Americans fell in love with mass spectator sports.
Radios in the home
The widespread ownership of radios changed the patterns of everyday life. At night after dinner, families gathered around the radio to listen to music, speeches, news broadcasts, weather forecasts, and comedy shows.
How was Wilson's Fourteen Points received by heads of state of European nations at the Paris Peace Conference?
They rebuked Wilson's unrealistic idealism as unattainable, while attempting to gain as much as possible for their respective nations.
How did members of the Lost Generation contribute to the modernist movement?
They voiced concerns about the state of the post-World War I society.
Conservative politics affect women of the 20's
This political mood of the twenties helped to steer women back into their traditional role as homemakers, and college curricula began to shift accordingly. At Vassar College in New York, an all women's school, students took courses such as "Husband and Wife," "Motherhood," and "The Family as an Economic Unit." At the same time, fewer college-educated women pursued careers: the proportion of physicians who were women fell from 6 to 4 percent during the twenties, with similar reductions among dentists, architects, and chemists.
Football
This sport, especially at the college level, also attracted huge crowds, usually more affluent than baseball spectators.
Thanks to this section of the Educational Amendments of 1972, discrimination on the basis of gender was forbidden at institutions that received federal funding.
Title IX
Nativism in the 1920s was a response to the increasing number of immigrants to the United States.
True
President Ford vetoed more bills than any previous president.
True
Roosevelt used the power of the federal government and the military to end strikes, despite questions surrounding the constitutionality of such action.
True
The Civilian Conservation Corps was one of the most successful jobs programs of the early New Deal.
True
The Five-Power Treaty, a naval disarmament treaty, also provided President Harding the opportunity to boast that citizens did not have to pay for an expanded navy. Thus it was an example both of Republicans' isolationism, as well as the Republicans' conservative approach to the federal budget.
True
The German decision on January 31, 1917 to sink all non-German ships in the Atlantic ultimately resulted in the United States joining World War I.
True
Woodrow Wilson campaigned under the idea of New Freedom, a program that held that all trusts should be broken up, while Roosevelt and Taft supported law-abiding trusts.
True
Cesar Chavez is best associated with which group?
UFW
Their Lowered tariff rates for the first time since the civil war
Underwood Simmons Tariff
President Nixon's plan of removing U.S. troops from Vietnam was called
Vietnamization
The so-called Big Four at the peace negotiations to end the Great War included all of the following except
Vladimir Lenin
___led the__ a group of determined communist revolutionaries in russia in 1917
Vladimir Lenin, Bolsheviks
Sussex Pledge
When President Wilson threatened to break of relations with Germany after the sinking of Sussex, Germany renewed its pledge that U-boats would not torpedo merchant and messenger ships.
Armory Show (1913)
Where Americans were first exposed to modern art in a substantial way
What did President Herbert Hoover mean when he warned about the "orgy of mad speculation"? Complete the passage below regarding the status of the stock market and investment practices on the eve of the Great Depression.
While the U.S. stock market had GROWN steadily since 1924, RECKLESS SPECULATION that began in 1927 contributed to a surge in the stock value of American companies. A specific investment practice that allowed stocks to be purchased "ON MARGIN" with a modest down payment enabled investors to borrow the rest of the money from a STOCKBROCKER. When stock values began to plummet, STOCKBROKERS called in these "margin" loans, but investors, who had expected STOCK PROFITS to cover these loans, weren't able to repay what they had borrowed.
With millions of men being drafted into the service, _______ took their places in the workforce.
Women
Music
Woody Guthrie- sang about the hardships during the depression & hope
It could be argued that the modern civil rights movement gained prominence at a lunch counter at a
Woolworths
Sit down strike
Workers refused to leave a workplace until employers had granted collective-bargaining rights to their union.
Who made up the so-called Bonus Expeditionary Force?
World War I veterans
At this conference, representatives from Russia, England, and the United States proposed the division of Europe after World War II ended.
Yalta
us expansion from 1867-1945 was fueled primarily by
a desire to get "more"
an unintended consequence of the immigration act of 1924 was
a large influx of hispanics from the western hemisphere
after living for a time in the west, roosevelt maintained that indians were
a lesser race
after living for a time in the west, theodore roosevelt maintained that indians were
a lesser race
Monopoly
a market in which there are many buyers but only one seller
modernism
a movement that begun in Europe before the Great War and reflected new developments in science, particularly Albert Einstein's theory of relativity and Sigmund Freud's exploration of how the subconscious mind shapes human behavior
National Park
a natural area protected and managed by the federal government
Trustbuster
a person working to destroy monopolies and trusts
______________ was a tax that had to be paid before a person could vote
a poll tax
Initiative
a procedure by which voters can propose a law or a constitutional amendment
which of the following was not part of kennedy's domestic program
abolishing welfare
a common occurrence during the gilded age of politics was that members of congress often
accepted bribes
which of the following statements is not true?
after the second world war, the united states returned to isolationism
president roosevelt faced four major challenges when he first took office. they included all of the following except?
aiding european governments abroad
president roosevelt faces four major challanges when he first took office they included all of the following except
aiding european governments abroad
in 1866 secretary of state william h seward attempted to gain for the united states
alaska
as america developed industrially, it needed access to all of the following raw materials except
aluminum
eugene v debs and the became famous during the
american railway union, pullman strike
during the 1980's
americans spent more than they made
The sixteenth amendment to the constitution provided for
an income tax
Temperance Movement
an organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption
after the armory show became on of the nations favorite topics of debate
art
his account of the salem witch trials in massachusetts was really an allegory for the mccarthy hearings
arthur miller
The Troubled Asset Relief Program was aimed at assisting ailing
banks
the troubled asset relief program was aimed at assisting ailing
banks
The biggest stumbling block to progressivism during the progressive era
big business
the economic situation in the new west can be best described as
boom/bust
in the second half of the 19th century all of the following were found in the new west except
bronze
in the second half the 19th century all of the following were found in the new west except
bronze
in this case, the supreme court ruled the concept of separate but equal unconstitutional
brown v. board of education
according to the lecture, which of he following is not a part of infrastructure?
business
when president harding died he was replaced by
calvin coolidge
when president harding died, he was replaced by
calvin coolidge
When president Carter cut federal spending and federal taxes to save the economy, he inadvertently
caused inflation to occur
in 1882 congress banned further immigration to the united states from what country
china
which of the following would have been considered an average progressive during that period?
christian moralists
The greatest social movement in the United States in the 20th century was
civil rights
in 1883, the united states supreme court ruled that the _____________ was unconstitutional
civil rights acts of 1875
to combat inflation during world war II
congress established the Office of Price Administration
President Eisenhower's domestic policy of dynamic conservatism was defined as
conservatism when it comes to money, liberal when it comes to human beings.
in the 20th century, _______ replaced the 19th century's ___________- based economy
consumer goods; agriculture
during reagan's administrations, this department was given a blank check to purchase whatever they needed
defense
which of the following tribes did not agree to relocate after a conference at medicine lodge, kansas in 1867
delaware
president trumans domestic policy was called the
fair deal
Because of their belief in freedom of the seas the british allowed americans to trade with germany
false
FDR made black civil rights a major priority
false
Federal money for farm demonstration agents was approved in the adamson act
false
Flappers was the slang word for illegal drinking establishments in the 1920's
false
from the beginning of his presidency, kennedy vigorously supported black civil rights
false
hemingway published his first novel, the sun also rises, in 1922
false
henry cabot lodge was one of the biggest supporters of the league of nations
false
in germany, a bloody revolution brought the destruction of the berlin wall
false
in the closing days of world war II, truman threated to bomb the soviets if they did not abandon Poland
false
in the presidential election of 1948, the republicans saw little hope for victory
false
19th Admendment
gave women the right to vote
at the end of his administration, president eisenhower
had retained most of the new deal's programs
when one company buys or forces out all of their competitors, it is participating in
horizontal integration
the louisiana native known as the kingfish who criticized president roosevelt
huey p long
Which of the following was not a part of Ronald Reagan's campaign in 1980?
increase social welfare programs
as a result of americans entry into the great war the federal government powers
increased
as a reslut of america's entry into the great war, the federal government's power
increased a great deal
which of the following is not considered part of the modernism movement
mark twain
who wrote letter from birmingham city jail while incarcerated for participating in a civil rights demonstration
martin luther king jr.
what bill did president truman veto because he said it would create a thought police
mccarran internal security act
president lyndon johnson's plan to provide health insurance for the elderly is known as
medicare
the southerners who participated in the crop-lien system included all of the following except
merchants
Upton Sinclair
muckraker who shocked the nation when he published The Jungle, a novel that revealed gruesome details about the meat packing industry in Chicago
the fastest growing group of americans in 2005 categorized themselves as
multiracial
what landmark piece of president carter's administration was referred to as being "nibbled to death by ducks"?
national energy act
much as the new deal ignored african americans it also ignored
native americans
much as the new deal ignored african americans, it also ignored
native americans??
a person who opposed immigration in the 1920s because it would dilute what is "meant to be an american" would be subscribing to what type of viewpoint
nativisim
the dust bowl occurred in all of the following states except
nevada
einsteins theories in the early 20th century revolutionized science by
showing that there are no absolute standards in the world
during this event, israel routed the armies of three invading armies, egypt, syria, and jordan
six-day war
which political party ran as a third party in the 1912 election?
socialist
Suffragist
someone who campaigns for voting rights
President theodore roosevelt its presidential plan was called the
square deal
the first large scale federal experiment with work relief was
the CWA
what new method of governing cities was first implemented in galveston, texas, after a hurricane destroyed the city
the commission system
populism was based on the idea that
the common man should have more of a say in politics
before the civil war, americans referred to the area between california and the mississippi river as
the great american desert
this document gave president lyndon johnson the authoirty to prevent further aggresion in vietnam toward the united states
the gulf of tonkin resolution
the extermination of "undesirables" that led to approximately 9 million deaths in europe is called
the holocaust
_____________ were the bloody conflicts between u.s. soldiers and native americans in the west from the 1860s to the 1870s
the indian wars
what event helped the united states defeat the japanese at midway?
the japanese military code had been deciphered by the americans
one of the major downsides of urban dwelling during the gilded age was
the lack of space forced homes to be too expensive to purchase for most people
those who came of age during the 1920s are known as
the lost generation
those who came of age during the 1920s are known as the
the lost generation
what was the executive order issued by truman to ensure there were no communists or their associates in the united states government called
the loyalty order
what is the name of the u.s. battleship that famously sank in havana harbor in 1898
the maine
Great Migration
the mass movement of blacks northward from the South; began at the start of the twentieth century but accelerated in 1915-1916, when rapidly expanding war industries in the northern states needed new workers
american isolationists in 1940 were primarily located in
the midwest
Harlem Renaissance
the nation's first black literary and artistic movement
after the civil war many southerners dreamed of a free world of small farms and industry. it was called
the new south
the panic of 1893 started when
the philadelphia and reading railroad declared bankruptcy
need for reforming the workplace was brought to national attention in 1911 when a fire broke out at
the triangle shirtwaist factory
in the korean war, who supplied south korea with war material?
the united states
the treaty that ended the war of 1898 and made cuba independent was the
treaty of paris
consumer culture
valued leisure, self-expression, and self-indulgence
according to the lecture, if john rockefeller was worried that he wouldn't be able to get oil delivered to his factories so he went out and bought oil drilling companies this would be a
vertical integration
the so-called big four at the peace conference negotiations to end the great war included all of the following except
vladimir lenin
one of the ways politics in the gilded age was different than today was that
voters voted for the same party, year after year, regardless of the candidate
what was not a problem that president obama inherited when he was inaugurated
war in libya
the newspaper that broke the story of watergate was the
washington post
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporations
(1993) Independent government agency, established to prevent bank panics, that guarantees the safety deposits in citizen's savings accounts up to $2,500.
"Freedom of the seas"
An international law that would allow neutral nations to continue its trade with all the belligerents that was upheld by President Woodrow Wilson and Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan.
The First New Deal primarily focused on stimulating the economy in order to end the economic downturn. It did little to address the human suffering that resulted from the Great Depression.
False
The Iran-Contra affair involved the illegal sales of arms to the Contra rebels in Iran
False
The cultural and technological changes—like electricity of the 1920s—meant that most women no longer worked primarily in the home.
False
The religious right was a Protestant-dominated movement in which Catholics were not allowed to participate
False
The success of the Democratic party in the 1930 election forced Hoover to alter his strategy on the economy in order to gain public support.
False
Though the economy was soaring by 1927 as a result of consumer spending, investments into the stock market were beginning to slow.
False
Recall
a procedure for submitting to popular vote the removal of officials from office before the end of their term
the 2 new deal focused on all of the following except
a reduction in taxes
the second new deal focused on all of the following except
a reduction in taxes
Complete the passage below to describe how the Women's Christian Temperance Union, which was led by Frances Willard from 1879 to 1898, and other temperance organizations evolved over time.
Many progressive women believed alcohol caused crime, political corruption, and domestic violence. The temperance movement initially sought to encourage responsible drinking. Eventually, women formed the Anti-Saloon League, which, along with the WCTU, championed the national prohibition of alcohol. Congress eventually approved a constitutional amendment that prohibited alcohol.
How did Native Americans' attitudes regarding the New Deal change over time?
Native Americans were optimistic at first, but quickly became disappointed in the New Deal, as it failed to improve their lives in significant ways.
Negro nationalism
Promoted black separatism from mainstream American life. It's leading spokesman was Marcus Garvey
Why did Roosevelt's progressive policies anger lumber companies?
Roosevelt's environmental conservation movement upset lumber companies because it prevented them from logging in certain areas.
in the presidential contest of 1900 roosevelt's enemies the democrats claimed that the philippine conflict was
a splendid little war
Referendum
a state-level method of direct legislation that gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislation or a proposed constitutional amendment
Social Security has been one of the most enduring legacies of the New Deal, even though Roosevelt never intended for retired Americans to depend solely on Social Security from the federal government during their retirement.
True
The Ku Klux Klan found nationwide success by targeting regional prejudices and exerted a deep influence on politics in states across the country.
True
The NAACP sought to stop lynching, which was still a commonly accepted form of vigilante racist violence in many areas of the nation.
True
The modernist movement was an artistic response to the technological and scientific breakthroughs of the 1920s.
True
The roaring 20s pitted a cosmopolitan urban america against the values of an insular, rural america
True
which of the following groups did not fight the war of 1898
dominicans
because of his behavior, president truman fired this general during the korean war
douglas macarthur
in order to wage the great war, the united states government did all of the following except
draft millions of young women
according to the lecture, bankruptcy allows someone in debt to get rid of some or all of their debts and keep some of their assets
false
according to the lecture, early turnpikes allowed people, like our shoemaker, to travel substantially faster than before
false
according to the lecture, one of the reasons for corporations was to increase a person's liability
false
according to the lecture, paper money is easily replaced if lost
false
as late as 1900 most new york city residents were still native-born americans
false
because of their belief in "freedom of the seas," the british allowed americans to trade with germany
false
congress narrowly defeated president johns request in 1964 for authorizatino to take all necessary measures to prevent further aggression from vietnam
false
dennis banks became the first hispanic mayor of a major city when he was elected in los angeles
false
despite the length and duration of world war II, total civilian and military deaths miraculously remained fewer than 1 million
false
eleanor roosevelt was a shy person who shunned attention but she did much work behind the scenes to raise support for her husbands new deal
false
federal money for farm demonstration agents was approved in the adamson act
false
flappers was the slang word for illegal drinking establishments in the 1920s
false
in the treaty of versailles, austria- hungary was considered ultimately responsible for World War II
false
j. strom thurmond was from new york
false
jack ruby was charged with assassination president john f. kennedy, but doubts about his guilt linger
false
jazz music inspired rural youth to remember their culture's musical roots
false
john steinbeck's the grapes of wrath told of wall street businessmen brought to their knees after black tuesday
false
john steinbecks the grapes of wrath told of wall street buisnessmen brought to thier knees after black tuesday
false
pioneer women enjoyed full equality with men in the west
false
power sources such as water coal wood and oil were more expensive in the United States than in other nations
false
power sources were more expensive in the united states than in other nations around the world
false
president george w. bush gave control of iraq's oil supply as one major reason for the 2003 invasion
false
president johnson was not as adept at handling congress as president kennedy had been
false
president nixon strongly supported court efforts to school desegregation
false
president wilson suffered a temporarily incapacitating stroke in france while negotiating the peace treaty
false
president wilson suffered a temporary incapacitating stroke while in france while negotiating the peace treaty
false
spain refused to consider practicall all of the american demands concerning cuba before the united states declared war
false
the biggest scandal under president hoover was the teapot dome affair of 1930
false
the bracero program mobilized native americans to support the war effort
false
the camp david accords were agreements between iran and iraq
false
the ccc adressed the problems of overchanging by doctors and others in the medical and health professions
false
the fair deal was president trumans name for his approach to foreign policy in the early days of the cold war
false
the homestead act of 1862 encouraged the development of thriving western farms
false
the number of inventions registered at the u.s. patent office remained fairly constant through the 19th century
false
the papers of joseph pulitzer and william randolph hearst helped invent what came to be known as "green journalism"
false
the sinking of the lusitania was the immediate cause of US entry into WWI
false
the strategic bombing of europe in 1943 and 1944 completely and utterly devastated German industrial production
false
the united states entered WWII on september 1, 1939
false
the zimmerman telegram sent to the mexican government from the white house was intercepted by the germans
false
the zimmermann telegram, sent to the mexican government from the white house, was intercepted by the germans
false
warren g. harding was shot by the assassin charles guiteau
false
wendy's restaurant purchasing mcdonald's is a vertical integration
false
as the great depression lengthened president hoover did all of the following except what
he asked union leaders to orgnaize strikes
what was a major reason that jimmy carter won the presidency in 1976
he convinced voters he was incorruptible
which of the following statements regarding theodore roosevelt is untrue
he had no interest in politics before running for the vice presidency
what was an early success of president carter's?
he reduced the white house staff by a third
The end of Richard Nixon's presidency came when
he resigned from office
who did barack obama campaign against in 2008 for the democratic nomination for president
hillary clinton
with the republicans in control of the federal government progressiveness dissapeared in the 20s
false
according to the lecture, which of the following are considered to be manifestations of countervailing powers?
farmers, professional associations, & unions
the opposite of democracy, this form of government involves a dictator who controls all aspects of his nation's life
fascism
in indochina, the league for independence of vietnam was led by
ho chi minh
in may 1947, charges were issued at this entity as a hotbed of communism
hollywood
according to the lecture, the first time that documents could be sent faster than the speed of transportation was with the invention of the
fax machine
the_____ guaranteed customer saving accounts in banks up to 2,500
federal deposit insurance corporation
a rebirth of women's movement in the 1960s focused on
feminism
in response to the crises of he great depression, states deported __________ and _________
filipinos, chinese
according to the lecture, _____________ generates opportunity
infrastructure
fears of revolution were so widespread in post war america that the u.s. attorney general created a government division to collect information on radicals headed by
j. edgar hoover
this man created the united states first billion-dollar corporation
j.p. morgan
during the 1920s this boxer became famous among the workingmen because he came from a humble beginning
jack dempsey
the first african american to play baseball for a major league team was
jackie robinson
the chilled iron sodbuster plow was developed by
james oliver
this woman established hull house, a settlement for immigrants in chicago
jane addams
why did the united states embargo oil to japan in the early 1940s
japans aggression on east asia and specifically japans acquisition of french indo china
this was a training program introduced by president lyndon johnson that was aimed at inner-city youths ages sixteen to twenty one
job corps
during the collapse of the soviet union, which of the following did president george h. w. bush not do?
launch a pre-emptive strike into russia to destroy their nuclear capability
the way in which businesses cultivated and bought influence from government officials is called
lobbying
Civilian Conservation Corps
put young men (18- 25) to work building roads, parks & planting trees , helped to prevent another Dust Bowl
all of the following forces supported late 19th century imperialism except
racial equality
all of the following forces supported the late 19th century imperialism except
racial equality
fireside chats
radio talks about issues of public concern
economists call a marked slowdown in economic growth a
recession
immediately following the conclusion to world war I, ________ divided people in regards to immigration issues
red scare
the most popular leisure destinations for the urban working class during the gilded age were
saloons
what did one journalist call the social and intellectual center of the neighborhood during the gilded age in large cities
saloons
the father of the muckrakers, and their style of writing could be considered
samuel mcclure
what was not a cause of the changes in recreation and leisure in the gilded age?
sanitation improvements
the presidential election of 1884 could be described as
scandals over issues
the civil rights act of 1964 banned racial segregation everywhere except
schools
in an effort to prevent corporations from obtaining market monopolies, congress passed the
sherman anti-trust act
in 1962, tom hayden and al haber created this, the first campus organization based on the tactics employed during the civil rights
students for a democratic society
the cash crop that made hawaii valuable to the united states was
sugar cane
Nixon abused his presidential powers during the Watergate affair by
ordering the CIA to confuse the FBI about the case
president reagan planned on beating the russians in the cold war by
overwhelming them both financially and militarily
the united states attacked which central american country in 1989 to capture their president and drug dealer?
panama
peace negotiations to end the great war were held in
paris 1919
president lyndon johnson declared a war on
poverty
According to progressives, what was the main source of the crisis facing the United States?
powerful corporations
in 1949, the chinese nationalist government fled to
taiwan
what was not new technology developed during world war II?
tanks
Stokely Carmichael is best associated with
the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
What aspect of American neutrality during the first years of World War I does this cartoon criticize?
the Wilson administration's policy of strict neutrality, while not limiting U.S. banks from loaning money to nations at war to buy weapons, food, and other supplies from the United States
in the republican nomination speech, richard nixon appealed to a group called
the silent majority
which of the following statements regarding the southern economy by 1900 is untrue
the south had greatly industrialized
advocates of a new south believed that
the south needed to embrace new technologies
Nixon's plan for winning the presidency was known as
the southern strategy
nixon's plan for the presidency was known as
the southern strategy
president nixon was able to improve diplomatic relations with china because at the time china was experiencing poor relations with
the soviet union
the author of the infamous de lome letter was depuy de lome. who was he?
the spanish ambassador to the united states
how did the wilson administration use women to aid the war effort?
they were told to take on jobs previously held by men
how did the wilson administration use women to aid the war effort
they were told tot take on jobs previously held by men
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act was designed
to provide cash to states to spend on various projects
the american recovery and reinvestment act was designed
to provide cash to states to spend on various projects
the student free-speech movement was created by
tom hayden
according to the lecture, the first time that people could move faster than the speed of a horse on land was with the introduction of the train
true
although warren g harding presided over what can be argued as the most corrupt administration in American history he was never personally linked to any official wrongdoing
true
americans in the period between 1867-1945 believed that american ideals were universal in their appeal
true
anarchists oppose all forms of government
true
as president, benjamin harrison supported generous pensions for veterans
true
barry goldwater opposed the civil rights act of 1964
true
bush clinced re-election in 2004 by carrying the electoral votes of ohio
true
by 1900 lumbering in the south had surpassed in textiles in value
true
by the early 1970s, the public mood was shifting toward conservatism
true
despite his support from the religious right, reagan as president did not restore prayer to public schools
true
despite the new deal full recovery from the depression did not come until the crisis of world war 2
true
during the gilded age, voter turnout was significantly higher than it is today
true
during ww1 popular prejudice associated anything with germany as bad
true
harry truman was born and raised in missouri
true
history is the distillation of the past into a critically sound description and analysis understandable to a modern audience
true
hubert humphrey was lyndon johnsons running mate in the presidential election of 1964
true
in 1896, the republican party supported the gold standard
true
in march 1917, german submarines sank five u.s. vessels in the north atlantic
true
in the 1920's many investors bought stocks on margin- that is, with borrowed funds
true
in the 1950s, the most popular new household product was the television
true
israel's creation in 1940 was followed immediately by a war with its arab neighbors
true
jack kerouac, allen ginsberg, and other beats rebelled against middle-class life and conventional literary expression
true
japan bombed pearl harbor at least partially due to a US oil embargo of japan
true
japanese americans ewre put into prison camps during WWII largely because of fears of sabotage
true
japanese-americans were put into prison during WWII largely because of fears of sabotage
true
johnsons great society programs helped reduce the number of people living in poverty
true
many adults, having experienced the depression of wartime rationing, were eager to consume more in the 1950s
true
more than 400,000 blacks moved northward during the war years
true
nixon and his white house aides tried to cover up the watergate break-in
true
one legislative victory for president clinton came when congress approved NAFTA
true
president ford vetoed more bills than any previous president
true
prior to modern bankruptcy law, a debtor could be sent to prison if he or she could not pay their bills
true
rural areas experienced practically no population growth in the 1950s and 1960s
true
social darwinist ideas justified policies of imperial expansion
true
the agreements at the yalta conference included stalin's pledgeto enter the war against japan three months after germanys defeat
true
the civil rights act of 1957 established the civil rights commission and a new civil rights division in the justice department
true
the economic stimulus bill was also called the american recovery and reinvestment act
true
the german resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare was the immediate reason for the US entry into WWI
true
the hawley smoot tariff raised import duties to an all time high
true
the indian wars effectively ended with the capture of geronimo a chief of the chiricahua apaches
true
the indian wars effectively ended with the capture of geronimo, a chief of the chiricahua apaches
true
the popular election of senators required a constitutional amendment
true
the republican candidate for president in 1916 was charles evans hughes
true
the roaring twenties pitted a cosmopolitan urban america against the values of an insular, rural america
true
the sandlot incident in san francisco 1877 led to attacks against chinese immigrants
true
the sandlot incident in san francisco in 1877 led to attacks against chinese immigrants
true
the united states agreed to pay $10 million plus $250000 a year for the panama canal zone
true
the united states agreed to pay 10 million plus 250000 a year for the panama canal zone
true
the united states entered WWII on december 7, 1941
true
the war between japan and the united states involved racial hatred on both sides
true
when AIDs emerged in the 1980s, many of the reagan administration viewed it as a gay disease
true
within a few months of the end of world war II, there were strikes and other labor disputes in many key industries
true
woodrow wilson was a ministers son who grew up in the south
true
During the first decade of the 21st century, the United States received ________ immigrants as all other countries combined.
twice as many
during the first decade of the 21st century, the united states received ____________ immigrants as all other countries combined
twice as many
in working with the russians, president nixon pursued a policy of
detente
united states involvement in vietnam started at the battle of
dien bien phu
In 2008, Barack Obama ran an impressive Internet based-campaign
True
was the powerful chiricahua apache chief who was captured by the united states
geronimo
as chancellor, hitler created a secret police force known as
gestapo
what increased the anti-war protests in the fall of 1969
nixon's increased air war
martin luther king jr. encouraged _____________ civil disobedience to promote the civil rights movement
nonviolent
this individual was the most requested speaker during the 1950s because of his promotion of the "good news" and his book of Positive Thinking
norman vincent peale
In 1952, President Truman fired 250 employees of the IRS because
of corruption charges
flappers
pleasure-seeking young women who challenged prewar restrictions with their short hemlines, drinking, smoking, and open discussions of sex
the doctrine of separate but equal had been created in the landmark case
plessy v. ferguson
18th Admendment
prohibited the consumption of alcohol
Seventeenth Amendment
(1913) Constitutional amendment that provided for the public election of senators rather than the traditional practice allowing state legislatures to name them.
Zimmerman Telegram
(1917) Message sent by a German official to the Mexican government urging an invasion of the United States; the telegram was intercepted by British intelligence agents and angered Americans, many of whom called for war against Germany.
Sacco and Vanzetti case
(1921) Trial of two Italian immigrants that occurred at the height of Italian immigration and against the backdrop of numerous terror attacks by anarchists; despite a lack of clear evidence, the two defendants, both self-professed anarchists, were convicted of murder and were executed.
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
(1923) Harding administration scandal in which Secretary of the Interior Albert b. Fall profited from secret leasing of government oil reserves in Wyoming to private oil companies.
Scopes Trial
(1925) Highly publicized trial of a high school teacher in Tennessee for violating the state law that prohibited the teaching of evolution; the trial was seen as the climax of the fundamentalist war on Darwinism.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
(1932) Federal program established under President Hoover to loan money to banks and other corporations to help them avoid bankruptcy.
Securities Exchange Commission
(1934) Federal agency established to regulate the issuance and trading of stocks and bonds in an effort to avoid financial panics and stock market "crashes."
Wagner Act
(1935) Legislation that guaranteed workers the right to organize unions, granted them direct bargaining power, and barred employers from interfering with union activities.
Match each term with the appropriate description.
- "Hard Times Ain't Gone Nowhere": song that spoke to the continued grievances faced by African Americans - tramps: usually men who lived on the road or the train; also called hobos - poorhouses: initially housed those made homeless by the economic downturn - "Remember My Forgotten Man": song that spoke to the plight of households with jobless or absent husbands - soup kitchens: distribution points where the hungry could receive the bare necessities of food and water
Identify the First New Deal policies.
- Civil Conservation Corps: provided jobs for Americans repairing roads, laying sewer lines, constructing airports or schools, and teaching in small rural public schools - Agricultural Adjustment Act: paid farmers to limit their livestock and crop production in order to increase crop prices - Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: lessened the potential of future panics by guaranteeing that saving accounts up to a certain amount would be reimbursed with government funds in the event of bank failure - Securities and Exchange Commission: a federal regulatory agency established to monitor the purchase and sale of stocks and bonds under the new enforcement laws - National Recovery Administration: sought to promote economic growth by allowing large corporations to establish prices among themselves for certain products
Identify the following economic acts or strategies that occurred during the economic crisis of the 1930s.
- Emergency Relief Act: Hoover's response to calls for federal aid for struggling Americans to finance construction projects at the state level - Revenue Act of 1932: a major tax increase that was poorly timed and further contributed to the economic crisis - Reconstruction Finance Corporation: an attempt by Congress, supported by Hoover, to aid banks and other struggling entities by providing them with emergency loans
Match the following terms to their influence over young people in the 1920s.
- Flaming Youth: depicted young women engaging in skinny-dipping and sexual activities - Freud: provided young people justification to rebel against social norms and indulge in sex - Flappers: the dress and style of young women, which was strikingly different than previous generations
Put in chronological order the following German actions that pushed the United States to join the war.
- German U-boats sink the Lusitania. - German U-boats sink the Arabic. - The Germans agree to the Sussex Pledge. - The Germans announce a policy shift: they would wage unrestricted submarine warfare in the Atlantic Ocean. - The British intercept the Zimmermann telegram and learn of a German conspiracy. - German U-boats sink five American ships in the Atlantic Ocean.
Identify the accomplishments of the following modernist individuals.
- Sigmund Freud: This thinker helped promote greater cultural awareness of the influence of sexual desire on people's behavior. - Louis Armstrong: This artist helped create a musical style that captured the spirit of the age with its emphasis on pleasure, movement, nervousness, and rejection of convention. - Zelda Fitzgerald: F. Scott Fitzgerald called this person the "First American Flapper" for her provocative behavior and actions.
German general Erich Ludendorff said that "America became the decisive power in the war." Place the following events in chronological order to explain the importance of American troops to the defeat of Germany.
- Tsar Nicholas II abdicates the Russian monarchy. - Lenin signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. - The return of German troops from the Eastern Front strengthens the Western Front for a final campaign against France and Belgium. - Over 1 million Americans take part in the Meuse-Argonne offensive to repel the German advance into France. - The Allied offensive forces German leaders to ask for peace based on Wilson's Fourteen Points.
Identify how the following programs in Roosevelt's Second New Deal changed the role of the federal government.
- Works Progress Administration: allowed the government to employ millions of Americans to work on public works projects - Wagner Act: created an organization to oversee unions - Court-packing plan: reformed the Supreme Court, and gave the Court more authority to ensure the civil liberties of all Americans - Social Security Act: created several social-welfare programs to protect Americans who were not working
How did the woman suffrage movement evolve? Put the following events in chronological order to illustrate how the movement changed over time.
- Wyoming Territory extends equal voting rights to women. - The National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) is formed. - Nine western states grant women full suffrage rights. - New York allows women to vote in all elections.
End of New Deal
-3rd New Deal not employed -the economy had improved & FDR did not favor continued deficit spending -Hitler's rise to power in Germany warranted attention
Identify how the end of World War I contributed to the creation of a consumer culture.
-Americans no longer needed to conserve important resources to support the war effort. -Factories that once dedicated themselves to war production needed something else to make.
Critics of the New Deal
-Conservatives -fed govt. was made too large & too powerful -Liberals -not enough done to socialize the economy -Supporters of the New Deal -good balance between unregulated capitalism & overregulated socialism
Lasting Effects
-FDR expanded the power of the fed govt. & the presidency -Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. -regulates banking (insures individual accounts) -Securities & Exchange Commission-monitors the stock market -New Deal legislation set standards for wages & hours, banned child labor, and ensured collective bargaining (FLSA & Wagner) -*New Deal did not end the depression- spending for WWII did -National Labor Relations Board- (Wagner) mediator in labor disputes -Social Security-legacy lives on today helping millions -2nd AAA made loans available to farmers -determined by surplus & parity price- price intended to keep income steady -CCC planted trees & created hiking trails -Tennessee Valley Authority hydroelectricity & flood prevention
How did the modernist fixation on abstraction and relativity influence culture in America?
-Many critics disapproved of the abstract nature of modern art. -It spawned debate among Americans regarding the nature of "reality." -The Armory Show made modern art extremely popular with some critics and members of the public.
Mary McLeod Bethune
-educator; headed the Division of Negro Affairs of the NYA -organized "Black Cabinet" of influential AA's to advise FDR on racial issues
Glass-Steagall Act
-establishes Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) -insured accounts up to $5000
Mexican Americans
-most lived in SW & worked on farms (mostly unprotected by federal laws) -*agencies disqualified workers from programs if they had no permanent address
John Collier
-restored tribal ownership to some reservations -helped create the Indian Reorganization Act in 1934 (3) 1. land belonged to entire tribe; prohibited govt. from taking it 2. children could attend schools on the reservation 3. tribes could elect tribal councils to govern land
Which of the following cultural and social movements of the 1920s are evident in Guy Pène Du Bois's Nightclub (1933)?
-the flappers' style -the rise of "Jazz Age" nightclubs -the loneliness and alienation that were typical of the Lost Generation
Assess the consumer culture that emerged in America in the 1920s. What are the factors that contributed to its growth? Complete the passage below describing how consumer culture influenced the American standard of living. Consumer goods __1__ the American quality of life. During the 1920s, the number of Americans with access to electricity nearly __2__. Americans had greater access to modern consumer goods, thanks to the creation of __3__. The national consumer culture also led to a __4__ in which Americans began to consume the same radio programs, __5__, magazines, and advertisements.
1 improved 2 doubled 3 national retailers 4 mass culture 5 movies
the philippines received their independence from the united states in what year
1946
Place the following in the proper chronological order/sequence according to the lecture
1. bombing of pearl harbor 2. battle of midway 3. battle of okinawa 4. bombing of hiroshima
in what order did the united states acquire the following territories
1. texas 2. alaska 3. puerto rico 4. virgin islands
president theodore roosevelt personally to break which strike
1902 coal strike
Pure Food and Drug Act
1906 - Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs, it gave the government broad powers to ensure the safety and efficacy of drugs in order to abolish the "patent" drug trade. Still in existence as the FDA.
Meat Inspection Act
1906 - Laid down binding rules for sanitary meat packing and government inspection of meat products crossing state lines.
in what year did the united states sign a treaty to end its involvement in WWI?
1920
according to the lecture, what decade would be considered to be the start of modern america
1920s
in many mining towns the male to female ratio was as high as
9 to 1
Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States
A Supreme Court ruling that stated Congress had given too much of its authority to the president when the NIRA created the National Recovery Administration and gave it the power to bring businesses and labor leaders together to create "codes of fair competition" for their industries.
Guinn v. United States (1915)
A Supreme Court ruling that struck down Oklahoma's efforts to deprive African Americans the right to vote.
Grovey v. Townsend
A Supreme Court ruling that upheld Texas Democrats' whites-only election primary.
Battle of Verdun
A battle in northeastern France which lasted from February to December 1916, where some 32 million artillery shells streaked across the landscape. Thousands of soldiers on both sides fell victim to "shell shock." some 162,000 French soldiers died at Verdun and the Germans lost 143,000.
National Industrial Recovery Administration (NIRA)
A controversial agency created that was headed by Hugh S. Johnson. Its primary purpose was to promote economic growth by temporarily waiving the anti-trust laws and allowing large corporations to create detailed "codes of fair competition" among themselves for 500 different industries, including the setting of prices on an array of products. The codes also included "fair labor" policies long sought by unions and social progressives and a provision thay guaranteed the right of workers to organize unions. It died in May 1935 after being deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. The legacy of the agency created new workplace standards.
"Scottsboro Boys" case
A controversial case in Alabama that revealed the continuing prejudice against the blacks in the South. In 1931, an all-white jury, on flimsy evidence, hastily convicted nine black boys, ranging in age from thirteen to twenty-one, of raping two young white women while riding a freight train.
Progressive income tax (graduated tax)
A federal income tax that has tax rates based on a sliding scale, with tax rates increasing as income levels rise, thus forcing the rich to pay more.
Trench warfare
A form of prolonged combat between the entrenched positions of opposing armies, often with little tactical movement.
Talk therapy
A form of therapy in which patients discussed their inner frustrations and revealed their repressed fears and urges.
Samuel Gompers
A labor leader who dismissed socialists as unrealistic: "Economically you are unsound, socially you are wrong, industrially you are an impossibility!"
Taylorism
A labor system based on detailed study of work tasks, championed by Frederick Winslow Taylor, intended to maximize efficiency and profits for employers.
Amos Pinchot
A leading progressive attorney and reformer from New York City who said that corruption was "destroying our respect for government, uprooting faith in political parties, and causing every precedent and convention of the old order to strain at its moorings."
Jane Addams
A leading progressive reformer and suffragist who co-founded the Hull House, she lobbied for new laws and regulations to ameliorate the living conditions in poor neighborhoods. Later, she was appointed to prominent governmental and community boards and focused on improving public health and food safety, pushing for better street lighting and police protection, and reducing the use of narcotics. She would become the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.
The Revenue Act of 1932
A legislative act insisted by President Herbert Hoover, it was the largest and worst timed peacetime tax increase in American history. By taking money out of consumerś pockets, the higher taxes accelerated the economic slowdown. People had less money to spend when what the depressed economy most needed was increased consumer spending.
Home Owner's Loan Act
A legislative act that established the Home Owner's Loan Corporation, which helped home owners refinance their mortgages at lower interest rates and avoid bankruptcy.
Air Commerce Act of 1926
A legislative act that provided federal funds for the advancement of air transportation and navigation, including the construction of airports.
National Defense Act
A legislative act that would provide for the expansion of the U.S. Army from 90,000 to 223,000 men over the next five years.
Economy Act of 1933
A leglislative act that allowed President Franklin D. Roosevelt to cut government workers' salaries, reduce payments to military veterans for non-service-connected disabilities, and reorganized federal agencies in order to reduce government expenses.
Which of the following was not a common reaction to the tribulations of the Great Depression?
A massive increase in membership in the Communist Party
City-manager plan
A more popular system which an appointed professional administrator ran a city or county government in accordance with policies set by the elected council and mayor.
Good-government movements
A movement that led efforts to end political corruption and address persistent urban issues such as rising crime; access to electricity, clean water, and sewers; mass transit; and garbage collection.
Woman suffrage
A movement to give women the right to vote through a constitutional amendment, spearheaded by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton's National Woman Suffrage Association
Social gospel
A newer, specifically Protestant belief that religious institutions and individual Christians had an obligation to lead this effort in order to bring about the "Kingdom of God" on earth, leading to a new phase of Christian spiritual revival.
"First American Flapper"
A nickname F. Scott Fitzgerald gave for his wife, Zelda.
Gavrilo Princip
A nineteen-year-old Serbian nationalist who used a pistol to assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his pregnant wife Sophie, on June 28, 1914.
Great Depression
A period of severe recession characterized by the numerous business and bank foreclosures, high unemployment rates, a broken stock market, and homelessness. It was the worst economic downturn in American history and lasted until the United States' entrance in the Second World War.
Francis E. Townsend
A popular critic of President Roosevelt who was a retired California doctor. He was outraged by the sight of three elderly women digging through the garbage cans for food scraps that prompted him to begin promoting the Townsend Recovery Plan in 1934. It called for the federal government to pay $200 a month to every American over sixty who agreed to quit working.
National Child Labor Committee
A progressive organization formed in 1904 that led the movement to prohibit the employment of young children, arguing that children, too, had rights in a democracy. Within ten years, the committee lobbied successfully for legislation in most states banning the hiring of children below a certain age and limiting the hours children might work.
Women's Clubs
A progressive organization that was founded by Caroline Brown in 1890 which insisted that the nation's civic life needed the humanizing effect of female leadership. They sought to clean up filthy city slums by educating residents about personal and household hygiene, urging construction of sewer systems, and launching public-awareness campaigns about the connection between unsanitary conditions and disease. They also campaigned for childcare centers, kindergartens, government inspection of food processing plants, stricter housing codes, laws protecting women in the workplace, and more social services for the poor, sick, disabled, and abused.
Washington Gladden
A prominent pastor in Springfield, Massachusetts, who wrote a path-breaking book, Working People and Their Employers (1876), which argued that true Christianity was based on the principle that " thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself." He became the first prominent American religious leader to support the rights of workers to form unions and spoke out against racial segregation and efforts to discriminate against immigrants.
Socialist Party of America
A radical wing of progressivism that was mostly supported by militant farmers and immigrant Germans and Jews. American socialists did not follow the doctrines of Karl Marx; rather, they focused their efforts on improving working conditions in factories and mills and on closing the widening gap between rich and poor through "progressive" taxation.
National American Woman Suffrage Association
A unified organization
Charles A. Lindberg
A twenty-six-year-old who made a the first solo transatlantic flight in 1927, traveling from New York City to Paris in thirty-three and a half hours, giving the aviation industry a huge psychological boost. the heroic feat won him $25,000 and a Congressional Medal of Honor.
President Carter suffered a major defeat when the Senate blocked his effort to return the Canal Zone to Panama
False
Identify how science influenced culture in the 1920s.
Advances in science caused people to question long-standing beliefs about the world.
What does "modernism" mean in intellectual and artistic terms? How did the modernist movements influence American culture in the early twentieth century? Identify how science influenced culture in the 1920s.
Advances in science caused people to question long-standing beliefs about the world.
Loans from United States banks and "credits"
After financing record-breaking purchases of American supplies, allowing for banks and investors to advance $2 billion to the Allies before the United States entered the war, and only $27 million to Germany.
Which of the following was part of Marcus Garvey's message to African Americans?
African Americans should separate themselves from white mainstream culture in order to promote their own ideals.
President Roosevelt faced four major challenges when he first took office. They included all of the following except?
Aiding European governments abroad
Progressive activists
Although activists were mostly white, urban, middle-class professionals, progressives came in all stripes: men and women; Democrats, Republicans, Populists, and Socialists; labor unionists and business executives; teachers and professors; social workers and journalists; farmers and homemakers; whites and blacks; clergymen, atheists, and agnostics.
President Wilson said, "It is not the army we must train and shape for war, it is a nation." What does this quotation illustrate about America's readiness for war?
Americans needed to prepare to make sacrifices on the home front as industries were converted to meet the supply needs of the armed forces.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
An ardent suffragist who co-founded the Woman Suffrage Association with Susan B. Anthony to promote a woman suffrage amendment to the Constitution, higher pay for women workers, and easier divorces for abused wives.
Sigmund Freud
An Austrian who was trained to a physician who is the founder of modern psychoanalysis. He changed the way people understood their behavior and feelings by insisting that the mind is essentially and mysteriously "conflicted" by often unconscious efforts to control or repress powerful irrational impulses and sexual desires. In 1899, he published his path-breaking book The Interpretation of Dreams, which stressed the crucial role of the subconscious in shaping our behavior and moods.
National Consumers' League
An advocacy organization which educated consumers about harsh working conditions in factories and mills as well as companies' widespread use of child workers as a means of lowering labor costs.
Civil Works Administration ( CWA)
An agency created in November 1933 from FERA's inadequacy. It was the first large-scale federal experiment with work relief, hiring people directly on the government payroll at competitive wages. It provided 4 million federal jobs to those unable to find work during the winter of 1933-1934. It organized a variety of useful projects: repairing 500,000 miles of roads, laying sewer lines, constructing or improving more than a thousand airports and 40,000 public schools, and providing 50,000 teaching jobs that helped keep small rural public schools open. It was dissolved after President Roosevelt saw the costs of keeping the agency operating.
Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
An agency that was headed by Harry Hopkins and was President Roosevelt's first major effort to deal with unemployment by sending money to states to spend on the unemployed and homeless.
Federal Housing Administration (FHA)
An agency with offered Americans much longer home mortgages (twenty years) in orders to reduce monthly payments.
Twenty First Amendment
An amendment ratified on December 5, 1933, that repealed the 18th Amendment and ended Prohibition.
Modernism
An early-twentieth-century cultural movement that rejected traditional notions of reality and adopted radical new forms of artistic expression.
President George W. Bush gave control of the Iraq's oil supply as one major reason for the 2003 invasion
False
What did Winston Churchill compare the occupation of lands by the Soviets after World War II to?
An iron curtain
Anti-Saloon League
An organization based in local churches that pioneered the strategy of the single-issue political pressure group, initially focusing on closing down saloons rather than abolishing alcohol. However, it decided to force the prohibition issue into the forefront of state and local elections.
Farmer's Holiday Association
An organization born of the downturn in farm and crop prices brought about by the Great Depression. Members protested the low prices by dumping milk, vegetables, and fruits on the highways.
Glass-Steagall Act
Another section of the Banking Act of 1933 which called for the separation of commercial banking from investment banking in order to prevent conventional banks from investing the savings of depositors in the risky stock market; only banks that specialized in investment could invest in the stock market.
Eisenhower considered this the biggest mistake he had ever made.
Appoint Chief Justice Earl Warren
Complete the passage below regarding the state of Europe's economy toward the end of the 1920s.
As European countries began to recover from the FINANCIAL RUIN brought about by the First World War, they REDUCED their purchases of U.S. goods. Additionally, debts owed by European countries to America prompted U.S. banks to lend such nations huge amounts of money, which only contributed to their overall DEBT. When the banks could no longer support European countries, and government policies made it more difficult to SELL European goods in America, both the European and American economies spiraled into a depression.
Complete the passage below describing how the automotive industry influenced economic growth in the 1920s.
As more Americans purchased cars, there arose a greater need for the infrastructure to support them. The construction industry thrived as new automotive plants were built, along with roads and bridges. The demand for automobiles also sparked new innovations such as the assembly-line process, which made cars and other mass-produced items more affordable.
What two items led to a major change during the 1920s in how Americans spent their leisure time?
Automobiles and rising incomes
President Nixon strongly supported court efforts to complete school desegregation.
False
What criticism of the New Deal did supporters of the Townsend Plan and the Share-the-Wealth Society have in common?
Both programs called for far greater income redistribution from the wealthy to the poor than New Deal programs.
This program allowed Mexican workers to serve as migrant workers during harvest season.
Bracero
Even though this case ruled segregation illegal, it was still occurring during the Kennedy Administration.
Brown v Board of Education
Radio stations
By the end of 1922, there were 508 stations and some 3 million radios in use. In 1926, the National Broadcasting Company (NBC), a subsidiary of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), began linking stations into a national network; the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) entered the field next year.
President Wilson's populist transcontinental speaking tour caused enough voters to put pressure on their senators to get the Treaty of Versailles ratified.
False
Prior to 1918, Wilson and Roosevelt supported the woman suffrage movement and helped suffragists achieve considerable success, particularly in western states.
False
During the cold war, this agency was used to influence world events.
CIA
In 1940, FDR
Called for an increase in the US military forces, so that if war came, we would be prepared
Why did union membership decline during the 1920s?
Correct Answer(s) - company-sponsored incentives for workers - "open shop" policies - a rising standard of living for American workers
"Fair labor" policies
Codes that were long sought by unions and social progressives: a national forty-hour work week, minimum wages of $13 (12$ in the South as living standards were cheaper), and a ban on the employment of children under the age of sixteen. It also included a provision that guaranteed the right or workers to organize unions.
Progressives all shared the same goals and approved of the same tactics needed to achieve those goals.
False
Complete the passage below describing the American fear of a Communist revolution.
Communists were few in number in the United States during the immediate aftermath of the First World War, roughly 70,000. Most Americans believed that there were many more fomenting a Communist revolution based on the violent acts of a few radical militants. Additionally, a number of mail bombs were sent to politicians, which helped fuel the anti-Communist hysteria. This fear motivated the roundup that occurred during the Red Scare.
Reasons for a lack of success in regulating Big Business
Concerns over the concentration of economic power in "trusts" and other forms of monopolies had led Congress to pass the Sherman Anti-Trust Act in 1890, but the language about what it constituted was so vague that it proved ineffective. In addition, government agencies responsible for regulating businesses often came under the influence of those they were able to regulate.
Complete the passage below describing how consumer culture influenced the American standard of living.
Consumer goods improved the American quality of life. During the 1920s, the number of Americans with access to electricity nearly doubled. Americans had greater access to modern consumer goods, thanks to the creation of national retailers. The national consumer culture also led to a mass culture in which Americans began to consume the same radio programs, movies, magazines, and advertisements.
Which word best describes President Truman's policy to dealing with communism?
Contain
Which of the following social groups did women's suffrage most often exclude?
Correct Answer(s) - African American women Incorrect Answer(s) - women in western states - feminists - middle- and upper-class women
Progressives did not want the government involved in solving societal problems because many problems stemmed from corruption in the government and in big businesses.
False
Analyze the poster below. What does it reveal about the fear of espionage during World War I?
Correct Answer(s) - Anyone could inadvertently share information that an enemy could use against America. - The "enemy" was often difficult to detect, and blended in with other Americans.
What were some of the issues that impeded the implementation of President Wilson's ideal peace plan?
Correct Answer(s) - At the end of the war, Wilson left the United States for six months to attend the peace talks. - Wilson's Fourteen Points were considered to be too idealistic for European leaders, who would not support them without reservations. - Wilson opposed Republicans in Congress who supported him during the war. - In a partisan political move, Wilson refused to appoint Senator Henry Cabot Lodge to the American peace talks delegation.
Which of the following statements reveals the impact of the Great Depression on families?
Correct Answer(s) - Birth rates decreased. - Divorce rates declined as couples could not afford to live separately or pay the legal fees to separate.
Which of the following represent progressive policies that Taft successfully enforced during his presidency?
Correct Answer(s) - Bureau of Mines - the breakup of the Standard Oil Company - Mann-Elkins Act Incorrect Answer(s) - Ballinger-Pinchot controversy - Payne-Aldrich Tariff
Analyze the advertisement. What does it reveal about the national consumer culture?
Correct Answer(s) - Consumer culture grew quickly as manufacturers produced new appliances for the home. - Manufacturers marketed directly to women, who managed the domestic life of the family.
Which of the following policies reflects President Coolidge's departure from progressivism, which he supported while a state senator in Massachusetts?
Correct Answer(s) - Coolidge refrained from passing much legislation. - Coolidge was a fiscal conservative.
Identify how the end of World War I contributed to the creation of a consumer culture.
Correct Answer(s) - Factories that once dedicated themselves to war production needed something else to make. - Americans no longer needed to conserve important resources to support the war effort.
Analyze this quotation by a Kansas congressman: "On the one side is beer, bolshevism, unassimilating settlements and perhaps many flags—on the other side is constitutional government; one flag, stars and stripes."
Correct Answer(s) - Fears of immigrants' radical political beliefs inspired nativism. - Ethnic prejudices contributed to support for Prohibition. - Many native-born Americans feared the new type of immigrants who had arrived in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Which descriptions best characterize President Harding's administration and legacy?
Correct Answer(s) - Harding's administration was marred by scandals. - Harding rejected progressivism.
Identify how African American culture changed during the 1920s.
Correct Answer(s) - Harlem, a neighborhood in northern Manhattan, was the cultural capital of African American life in the 1920s. - Harlem Renaissance writers celebrated African cultural heritage, as well as their contributions to American culture, such as jazz. - The Harlem Renaissance featured a display of black consciousness in the United States.
How did President Harding shape federal regulations passed during the Progressive Era?
Correct Answer(s) - He appointed conservative Supreme Court judges who struck down many Progressive regulations. - He appointed business-friendly commissioners to enforce federal regulations. - He was able to dismantle all federal regulatory agencies.
Identify how Wilson pursued his anti-trust goals.
Correct Answer(s) - He attempted to strengthen the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. - He developed the Federal Trade Commission to identify and rectify unfair trade practices. Incorrect Answer(s) - He attacked labor unions with the Clayton Anti-Trust Act to try to appease corporations and gain support for his anti-trust policies. - He increased the protective tariff to promote U.S. business interests.
What was Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon's initial approach to handling the economic crisis of the 1930s?
Correct Answer(s) - He sought to let the economy work itself out. - He denied that any crisis existed.
What factors led to Hoover's victory in the 1928 presidential election?
Correct Answer(s) - High tariffs generated support for Republicans from the business community. - Hoover's opponent Alfred E. Smith was attacked for his Catholicism and support for the repeal of Prohibition. - Voters associated Harding and Coolidge with economic prosperity.
What was President Hoover's early approach to the Great Depression, and how did his strategy affect the economy's recovery?
Correct Answer(s) - Hoover sought to convince business, labor, and other industry leaders to play their part in getting the economy back on track. - Hoover took an active role in attempting to end the Great Depression. - Hoover's efforts were unsuccessful.
Identify the factors that made it difficult for the government to enforce the Eighteenth Amendment.
Correct Answer(s) - Illegal alcohol was extremely popular. - Americans could keep any liquor purchased before Prohibition went into effect. - Prominent politicians violated the Eighteenth Amendment.
Identify the impact that both buying on credit and the invention of layaway had on the development of a consumer culture.
Correct Answer(s) - Installment plans and layaway buying encouraged instant gratification. - Consumer debt grew considerably in the United States as many Americans purchased items on installment plans.
How did Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath speak to the experiences of many Americans during the Great Depression?
Correct Answer(s) - It depicted the plight of those who had to leave their homes to travel to the Far West in search of work when farming became impossible in the Dust Bowl. - It depicted the disgrace a poor woman felt after she accepted relief from a charitable institution. - It illustrated the general shame felt by all classes of Americans in need of relief funds.
Identify the impacts of the Dust Bowl that took place in the 1930s.
Correct Answer(s) - It had a severe impact on the agricultural industry in the Midwest and the Mississippi Valley, as crops died and farmers could no longer afford their property. - It was the result of a severe drought, which led an extraordinary amount of topsoil to engulf farms and towns.
Identify some of the components of the Revenue Act of 1916 pushed through Congress by opponents of "preparedness."
Correct Answer(s) - It instituted a 100 percent increase in the federal income tax. - It imposed a 12.5 percent tax on weapons manufacturers. - It implemented an additional tax on "excessive" corporate profits.
In what ways did the Tennessee Valley Authority impact the Appalachian region?
Correct Answer(s) - It produced the Great Lakes of the South through the construction of dams. - It directed electricity into the region. - It encouraged conservation efforts throughout the region.
How did the "Wisconsin idea," proposed by Wisconsin governor Robert M. La Follette, help progressives achieve "a happier and better state to live in"? And how did it seek to ensure "that its institutions are more democratic, that the opportunities of all its people are more equal, [and] that social justice more nearly prevails"?
Correct Answer(s) - It used experts to provide politicians across the state with nonpartisan research, and to help in the drafting of legislation. Incorrect Answer(s) - It reformed the asylum system and improved the way mentally ill people were treated. - It allowed women in Wisconsin to vote in state and local elections. - It regulated businesses to improve working conditions.
What effects did Mellon's financial policies have on the economy of the United States and Europe during the 1920s?
Correct Answer(s) - More Americans found work. - High tariffs harmed German industries recovering from the war. - The national debt fell.
How did the Battle of Verdun indicate that World War I would be different from any previous war ever fought?
Correct Answer(s) - Over 300,000 combatants perished during that single battle alone, indicating that World War I would be far bloodier than previous wars. - The amount of artillery expended on the battlefield devastated the countryside.
Analyze the image of government inspectors. Bad meat. Which of the statements does it support about progressivism?
Correct Answer(s) - Progressives believed in the regulation of the economy to promote the public well-being. - Upton Sinclair's novel The Jungle (1906) was an example of effective progressive muckraking that spurred government action. Incorrect Answer(s) - Progressives believed that key institutions like meatpacking facilities should be run by the government. - Roosevelt sought to break up monopolies.
What factors helped encourage the passage of child labor and workplace safety laws?
Correct Answer(s) - Progressives on the National Child Labor Committee lobbied for legislation to prohibit the employment of children. - A sweatshop fire killed over 100 young workers in an unsafe work environment.
Identify some of the problems that the United States faced domestically following the end of World War I.
Correct Answer(s) - Racial tensions increased and resulted in race riots as over 350,000 African Americans moved out of the South. - American workers began striking in far greater numbers. - Americans developed an overwhelming fear of communism. Incorrect Answer(s) - Americans struggled to resist the intrusive influence of foreign superpowers following the end of World War I.
In 1901, Roosevelt invited civil rights leader Booker T. Washington to the White House, to the outcry of white Southerners. How did Roosevelt's subsequent actions affect his relationship with the African American population?
Correct Answer(s) - Roosevelt appealed to southern whites and their racist sentiments, which angered the African American community. - African Americans opposed Roosevelt's decision to dishonorably discharge an entire regiment of African American soldiers. Incorrect Answer(s) - African Americans supported Roosevelt in large numbers because of his commitment to equality.
Analyze the image depicting Roosevelt as Greek mythological hero Hercules, who as a baby strangled serpents that were sent to kill him. The serpents here represent pro-corporation senator Nelson Aldrich and Standard Oil's John D. Rockefeller. Which of the following arguments are supported by this image?
Correct Answer(s) - Roosevelt sought to limit the power of big corporations. - Some contemporaries saw Roosevelt as an active president who engaged in strenuous—even heroic—activities. Incorrect Answer(s) - Roosevelt's support of the union in the 1902 coal strike led contemporaries to see him as just another snake in the grass. - Roosevelt hated all big business and sought to "strangle" industrial capitalism through regulation.
Identify the criticisms levied against Wilson's League of Nations proposal.
Correct Answer(s) - Some critics believed that the goals set forth in the League of Nations proposal were far too idealistic to be accomplished. - Some critics argued that it would put limits on American sovereignty. - Some critics argued that it would reignite German militarist nationalism.
How did the modernist fixation on abstraction and relativity influence culture in America?
Correct Answer(s) - The Armory Show made modern art extremely popular with some critics and members of the public. - It spawned debate among Americans regarding the nature of "reality." - Many critics disapproved of the abstract nature of modern art.
How did the Bolshevik Revolution affect the war?
Correct Answer(s) - The Bolsheviks ended Russia's fighting in World War I, eliminating the fighting on the Eastern Front. Incorrect Answer(s) - The Bolsheviks switched sides in the war, becoming allied with Germany and the Central Powers. - The Bolsheviks renewed the Russian war effort against the Central Power, drawing many German troops away from the Western Front as America entered the war. - The Bolsheviks shifted Russian forces toward fighting the Ottoman Empire, drawing Ottoman troops away from the Western Front.
In December 1917, seven months after the United States declared war on Germany, French premier Georges Clemenceau told an American journalist, "A terrible blow is imminent. Tell your Americans to come quickly." What was Clemenceau's concern?
Correct Answer(s) - The Bolsheviks' seizure of power meant that Russia would no longer play a role in the war, and the Germans would soon launch a massive offensive along the Western Front. - Though America had entered the war, the time and effort spent enlisting, training, and organizing its troops meant that it had made little contribution to the fighting along the Western Front at this time.
What were some of the shortcomings of the New Deal for African Americans?
Correct Answer(s) - The FHA did not provide mortgages for African Americans who wanted to live in white neighborhoods. - The Agricultural Adjustment Act's incentives for farmers to take land out of production forced hundreds of thousands of black tenant farmers out of work. - Both the CCC and the TVA practiced segregation.
Identify the tactics employed by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to support its mission.
Correct Answer(s) - The NAACP sought to educate people regarding the problems faced by African Americans. - The NAACP actively campaigned for racial equality through the use of legal action.
Identify the reasons why Roosevelt's critics were opposed to the National Recovery Administration (NRA).
Correct Answer(s) - The NRA did not protect agricultural and domestic workers. - The NRA supported big corporations over small businesses.
Analyze the political cartoon commenting on the Teapot Dome scandal. What does it reveal about the scandal?
Correct Answer(s) - The Republican administrations of the 1920s had abandoned the Progressive movement's interest in good government and the regulation of industry. - The Harding administration was overrun by scandal.
Identify how new technologies and the rise of consumer culture influenced American life.
Correct Answer(s) - The United States became the leading producer of movies. - The radio became the center of American home life.
Identify the reasons why Roosevelt's critics opposed the New Deal.
Correct Answer(s) - The United States still suffered from the Great Depression, and Roosevelt's programs didn't do enough to improve the economy. - The New Deal increased taxes and was too socialist
How did the role of the federal government change under Roosevelt?
Correct Answer(s) - The government became responsible for ensuring a minimum quality of life for Americans. - The government became responsible for reg- ulating the economy and ensuring stability.
In what ways did the entry of the United States into World War I contribute to the defeat of the Central Powers?
Correct Answer(s) - The mobilization of over 1 million U.S. troops helped French and British troops halt and turn the German spring offensive in 1918. - The 1.2 million U.S. soldiers deployed during the Meuse-Argonne offensive critically turned the tide of the war in favor of the Allied Powers.
Identify how the First World War shaped postwar events on the international stage.
Correct Answer(s) - The resolution to the war, and particularly the terms of peace, left Germany wanting revenge. - The war accelerated the triumph of the Bolshevik Revolution.
What was the objective of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff, and how did this bill contribute to the Great Depression?
Correct Answer(s) - The tariff prompted numerous countries to steer their exports away from the United States and imposed obstacles to selling American goods abroad. - It sought to aid the struggling agricultural sector and other industries by eliminating foreign competition.
What were some of the characteristics of World War I that made it the first industrial war?
Correct Answer(s) - The weaponry was technologically sophisticated. - The devastation of the war was so intense that it reshaped the entire landscape of many battlefields.
The causes of the Great Depression continue to be debated by economists, though many argue that it was a combination of various factors that led to the economic collapse. What were some of these contributing factors?
Correct Answer(s) - There were more goods in circulation than Americans could afford to buy. - High tariffs were imposed by the U.S. government to protect domestic companies.
How did religious leaders and institutions contribute to the progressive movement?
Correct Answer(s) - They adopted the social gospel, which held that religious organizations and individual Christians were obligated to lead the effort in helping the poor. - They supported the right of workers to unionize. - They provided assistance to poor Americans. Incorrect Answer(s) - They preached to the poor to encourage them to turn their lives around and find jobs. - They supported Social Darwinism.
Identify the overarching issues addressed in President Wilson's Fourteen Points.
Correct Answer(s) - They called for the elimination of trade barriers and the ability for countries to trade during war time. - They addressed how countries should conduct diplomacy. - They addressed territorial claims after World War I. Incorrect Answer(s) - They included insurances of racial equality after the war. - They asserted that the United States would determine when the use of military force was legitimate in international conflicts.
How did socialist ideas influence the progressive movement in the United States?
Correct Answer(s) - They introduced "progressive taxation" as a solution for closing the income gap between the rich and poor. - They created a focus on the need for improving working conditions. Incorrect Answer(s) - They called for the government to own large corporations to improve working conditions. - They wanted massive tax cuts for the wealthy so they would spend more and pump money into the economy. - They called for the corrupt government to keep out of the affairs of businesses.
How did women's clubs pursue progressive goals?
Correct Answer(s) - They sought to develop laws to protect women in the workplace. - They encouraged governments to provide services to the poor. - They educated the public on issues relating to public sanitation. Incorrect Answer(s) - They created efficient regulatory agencies for big business. - They helped women get elected to many high-ranking government positions.
What were some of the major issues progressives wanted to fix?
Correct Answer(s) - Wealth and power were unequally distributed. - Unregulated urban growth was creating social ills. - Businesses were unregulated and were corrupting politics. Incorrect Answer(s) - African Americans did not enjoy the same rights and privileges as whites. - America lacked the industrial power of other nations.
How did the flaws in the progressive movement shape its motivations?
Correct Answer(s) - Wealthy, well-educated reformers' viewpoints were limited by their ethnic and class prejudices. - Progressives were rarely motivated to address racial inequality. Incorrect Answer(s) - Many progressives wanted the government to stay out of the affairs of the general public. - Progressives supported legislation that benefited industrial leaders at the expense of society at large.
In November 1914, a delegation of African American leaders visited the White House. In this delegation was William Trotter, a Harvard-educated, African American newspaper editor who had helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Trotter said to Wilson, "Have you a 'new freedom' for white Americans, and a new slavery for 'your Afro-American fellow citizens'? God forbid." Which of the following statements are supported by this quotation?
Correct Answer(s) - Wilson believed that race segregation was good for both blacks and whites. - Many in the progressive movement carried racial, ethnic, and class biases. Incorrect Answer(s) - Wilson differed from Roosevelt, who had taken bold action on behalf of African American rights during his presidency. - As a result of Wilson's policies, African Americans stopped their traditional support of Democratic politicians in the South, which harmed his reelection in 1916.
Identify how Wilson's progressive policies differed from those of Taft and Roosevelt.
Correct Answer(s) - Wilson supported strict anti-trust laws. - Wilson succeeded in lowering the tariff, unlike his Republican predecessors. Incorrect Answer(s) - Wilson was opposed to conservation and sought to open government lands to corporate development. - Wilson was more supportive of African American rights than Taft.
Identify the positions President Wilson held, and ultimately conceded, during and following the Paris Peace Conference.
Correct Answer(s) - Wilson ultimately relented to French demands for German territorial concessions. - Wilson had to forego his desire to see all ethnic groups experience a degree of self-determination.
Shortly after the United States declared war on Germany, millions of young working-age men were removed from the labor force as a result of the draft. How did this change impact women's roles in the job market?
Correct Answer(s) - Women increasingly took industrial jobs as the men who would traditionally fill those positions were away fighting the war.
What were the unintended consequences of running governments more efficiently with the city-manager plan?
Correct Answer(s) - Working-class voters felt disenfranchised. - Local governments provided fewer services to citizens. Incorrect Answer(s) - Cities became a miserable place to live, as governments were no longer responsive to the needs of the people. - The cost of hiring a city manager was far more than the manager could save by running the government efficiently.
How did fundamentalism shape government policies?
Correct Answer(s) - ban on teaching evolution in many states - the passage of Prohibition - the arrest of John T. Scopes in Tennessee, which led to the Scopes Trial
Which of the following were elements of Roosevelt's Square Deal?
Correct Answer(s) - conservation of natural resources like water or forests - vigorous use of Sherman Anti-Trust Act - greater control by government of corporations - regulations of food and medicines to protect consumers - attacks on cronyism
President Harding's "return to normalcy" campaign promise reflected what kind of politics?
Correct Answer(s) - conservatism - isolationism
Identify the effects that artists and writers following modernism sought to have on American society.
Correct Answer(s) - disseminate new and unconventional ideas - disturb society
Identify the components of Roosevelt's three-pronged strategy that he sought to implement in his First Hundred Days.
Correct Answer(s) - subsidize the farm sector to boost low prices - promote compromises between management and labor - provide temporary aid for the unemployed
Eleanor Roosevelt was an important advocate for President Roosevelt's New Deal, embarking on a national tour that was instrumental in winning support for his programs. Which of the following accomplishments of the early New Deal express the humanitarian goals she promoted?
Correct Answer(s) - the Federal Emergency Relief Agencies and other programs that together hired 300,000 women
Analyze the painting below. Which of the following cultural and social movements of the 1920s are evident in Guy Pène Du Bois's Night Club (1933)?
Correct Answer(s) - the rise of "Jazz Age" night clubs - the flappers' style - the loneliness and alienation that were typical of the Lost Generation
During the early period of the Great Depression, millions of Americans suffered through which of the following experiences?
Correct Answer(s) - unemployment - hunger - homelessness
Which of the following were issues that motivated progressive reformers?
Correct Answer(s) - women's suffrage - social ills of rapid urbanization and industrialization - political corruption - the consumption of alcohol - the power of large corporations - economic inequality Incorrect Answer(s) - free coinage of silver
F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote in This Side of Paradise that the "sad young men" who had fought in Europe to "make the world safe for democracy" had "grown up to find all Gods dead, all wars fought, all faiths in man shaken." What does this quotation reveal about American art and literature in the 1920s?
Correct Answer(s) (ALL) - Cynicism was a common theme in American literature. - Art and literature were influenced by the horrors of World War I. - Scientific theories had undermined a belief in a God. - Modernism resulted in a rejection of traditional values.
Roosevelt ensured that his Second New Deal programs would stand by filling the Supreme Court with justices who supported him.
False
Crime
Desperate conditions led desperate people to commit crimes in order to provide. Crime rates soared during the 1930s, as did street-corner begging, homelessness, and prostitution.
Arabic
Despite the German government ordering the halt of sinking more passenger ships, two Americans were killed in the sinking of the New-York bound British liner Arabic. The Germans paid a cash penalty to their families and offered a public assurance on September 1, 1915.
What does "modernism" mean in intellectual and artistic terms? How did the modernist movements influence American culture in the early twentieth century? What effect did World War I have on the arts during the 1920s?
Disillusioned artists and writers created cynical art and novels to reflect the death of idealism.
What effect did World War I have on the arts during the 1920s?
Disillusioned artists and writers created cynical art and novels to reflect the death of idealism.
Marriages
Divorce rates dropped
This bill reformed Wall Street and provided greater oversight of transactions by federal authorities.
Dodd-Frank Bill
American and Australian forces in the Pacific were under the command of _______ during World War II.
Douglas MacArthur
Who was placed in command of the US forces in Korea during the Korean War?
Douglas MacArthur
who was placed in command of the U.S. forces in Korea during the Korean War?
Douglas MacArthur
Electricity
During the 1920s, there was a huge jump in the usage of electricity. In 1920, only 35 percent of homes had electricity; by 1930, the number was 68 percent.
The Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force was
Dwight Eisenhower
The Soviet Union violated promises made at Yalta when they began to occupy
Eastern European nations
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Emperor of the reckless militaristic Germany that wanted to assert its dominance on the European continent against its old enemies, the Russian Empire and France.
Which of the following was not a goal of late 19th century progressive
Equality for minorites
Which word best describes President Nixon's strategy in dealing with the Russians in his second administration?
Eradication?
President Obama appointed _________,who would be the first African American attorney general
Eric Holder
The Dodd-Frank bill called for government agencies to exercise less oversight over highly leveraged and highly complex new financial instruments.
False
What federal agency was caught off guard by the damage done by Hurricane Katrina in 2005
FEMA
President Truman's domestic policy was called the
Fair Deal
By the time of the 1960 presidential race, Kennedy had far more experience in national politics than Richard nixon.
False
Combat-related deaths of civilians and combatants accounted for the majority of those killed during World War I.
False
During the early years of the economic downturn, national observers noted both the outpouring of support for government relief efforts and how local businesses united in their attempts to keep workers employed and the economy afloat.
False
During the period when the United States remained neutral, it treated both the Allied Powers and the Central Powers equally.
False
Einstein's discoveries, including his general theory of relativity, had little impact on the world outside the scientific community because the average person could not understand his science.
False
George W. Bush won the popular vote in the 2000 presidential election.
False
Hoover's response to the Bonus Expeditionary Force protest revealed his concern for the plight of unemployed and desperate Americans. Hoover supported the demands of the veterans for increased benefits, but could not persuade Congress to spend the extra money.
False
In an effort to improve the democratic process, progressives supported initiatives to allow members of the public greater administrative control in local government.
False
In the decision of Schenck v. United States (1919), the Supreme Court overturned the conviction of Charles T. Schenck for distributing leaflets that contained anti-war material, on the basis that the Espionage and Sedition Acts violated Schenck's First Amendment right to free speech.
False
Industrial production slowed during the 1920s as the American people increasingly purchased consumer goods.
False
Journalists were referred to as muckrakers because Americans did not trust the press and believed their work to be of poor quality.
False
Like Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr, who established Chicago's Hull House, founders of settlement houses believed that charitable works and Christian fellowship could adequately address the issues of urban poverty.
False
Complete the passage below describing why Father Charles E. Coughlin, the popular "radio priest" and founder of the National Union for Social Justice, attacked the New Deal and Roosevelt.
Father Charles E. Coughlin believed that Roosevelt's New Deal was too COMMUNIST. In his speeches he accused Roosevelt of being used by THE JEWS. He APPLAUDED Hitler's anti-Semitic policies and SUPPORTED the idea of similar policies in the United States.
Identify Wilson's policies that were victories for the progressive movement.
Federal Highways Act - allowed farmers to transport their goods more easily Sixteenth Amendment - helped offset lost revenue due to the reduction of the tariff Federal Farm Loan Act - provided long-term farm loans Adamson Act - shortened the workday for railroad workers
Immigration Act of 1924
Federal legislation intended to favor northern and western European immigrants over those from southern and eastern Europe by restricting the number of immigrants from any one European country to 2 percent of the total number of immigrants per year, with an overall limit of slightly over 150,000 new arrivals per year.
The commission system
First adopted in 1901 by Galveston, Texas, the system placed ultimate authority in a board composed of a small group of commissioners who combined both legislative and executive powers in heading up city departments.
Mass advertising
First developed in the late nineteenth century, it grew into a huge enterprise essential to the success of the mass-production/ mass-consumption economy.
"Hyphenated Americans"
First or second generation immigrants who retained strong ties to their native countries and made up more than a third of the nation's population, making it difficult for them to remain neutral.
Jazz Age
Fitzgerald's label for the spirit of rebelliousness and spontaneity he observed among many young Americans
The state that caused the 2000 election debacle was
Florida
Complete the passage below describing the ramifications of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, with German support, attempted to exercise control over Serbian internal affairs. In response, Russia mobilized forces in defense of Serbia. This initial military mobilization activated both major European military alliances: the Central Powers composed of Italy, Germany, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as well as the opposing Allied Powers made up of Great Britain, Russia, and France. It was the German declaration of war that, at that time, began the bloodiest war in human history.
20's economic growth rate
Following the brief postwar recession in 1920-1921, Americans benefited from plentiful jobs, low inflation, and increasing incomes. The nation's total wealth almost doubled during the Jazz Age, while wage workers enjoyed a 30 percent increase in income. By 1929, the United States had the highest standard of living in the world.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Founded in 1910 by black activists and white progressives. Politically, they focused on legal action to bring the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments back to life. In 1919, they launched a national campaign against lynching, then a still-common form of vigilante racist violence
In 1939, FDR had Congress modify the Neutrality Acts to allow
France and England to send their ships to get American goods
During the Great War, what countries made up the Allied Powers?
France, Great Britain, Russia
"Happy Days Are Here Again"
Franklin D. Roosevelt's campaign song that reflected his upbeat personality that communicated joy, energy, and confidence.
To prevent racial integration from occurring at the University of Alabama, Governor ________ blocked the door to the institution
George Wallace
To prevent racial integration from occurring at the University of Alabama, Governor ___________ blocked the door to the institution.
George Wallace
In the 1984 election, the first female vice-presidential candidate was nominated. Who was she?
Geraldine Ferraro
U-boat
German military submarines used during the Great War to attack enemy naval vessels a well as merchant ships of enemy and neutral nations.
France and England tried to repay their World War I debts to the United States by collecting reparations from
Germany
In the zimmerman telegram ___ urged ___ to invade the united states
Germany to Mexico
During the great war what countries made up the central powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
As Chancellor, Hitler created a secret police force known as
Gestapo
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Government agency established to manage several federal job programs created under the New Deal; it became the largest employer in the nation.
High tariff
Government policies that were put in order to reduce foreign trade. In order to keep out foreign competition, Republicans and lobbyists supported a bill that would raise the tariff on imported goods. However, more than 1,000 economists urged the president to veto the bill as it will hurt the economy more by raising the prices of raw material and led other countries to place tariffs that hurt American businesses.
Hunger
Hard-pressed families went without fruit and most vegetables, eating mostly beans and soup. Surveys of children in the nation's public schools in 1932 showed that one quarter suffered from malnutrition. Millions of hungry people lined up at soup kitchens where minimal amounts of food and water were distributed; others rummaged through trash.
What were the other major new social and cultural trends and movements that became prominent during the twenties? How did they challenge traditional standards and customs? Identify how African American culture changed during the 1920s.
Harlem Renaissance writers celebrated African cultural heritage, as well as African Americans' contributions to American culture, such as jazz. -Harlem, a neighborhood in northern Manhattan, was the cultural capital of African American life in the 1920s. -The Harlem Renaissance featured a display of black consciousness in the United States.
What did Hoover believe to be the potential solution to the social crisis that emerged from the Great Depression?
He believed that volunteer efforts by generous Americans and charitable groups would provide adequate relief.
Hoover's efforts to the end the Depression
He did more than any president had ever done before in such dire economic circumstances. He invited business, labor, government, and agricultural leaders to a series of White House conferences in which the president urged companies to maintain employment and wage levels, asked union leaders to and strikes, and pleaded with states to follow through a planned construction projects. None of these efforts worked.
Why did President Truman not seek a second term of his own?
He knew he would not win.
What was an early success of President Carter's
He reduced the white house staff by a third
Why did Roosevelt choose to vigorously enforce the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?
He wanted to break up companies that acted in unfair and illegal ways.
Which statement best describes the problems with President carter's leadership?
He was a micromanager
How did each of the following contribute to Roosevelt's trust-busting efforts?
Hepburn Act - The government was allowed to limit railroad freight rates. Square Deal - Roosevelt set out to use the government to regulate corporations. He wanted to champion the ideal of "fair play" in business and politics. Bureau of Corporations - The government had a way to monitor large corporations. Elkins Act - The railroads were no longer allowed to give secret refunds to certain customers.
The American GI forum was created after World War II to deal with issues facing
Hispanics
In Indochina, the League for Independence of Vietnam was led by
Ho Chi Minh
Hobos and tramps
Homeless men who walked, hitchhiked in cars, or sneaked onto empty railway cars and rode from town to town.
what person created post war american godvernment division to collect info on radicals
Hoover
Movies
In 1896, a New York City audience viewed the first moving-picture show. By 1924, there were 20,000 movie theaters across the nation, showing 700 new "silent" films a year that used captions to show the dialogue. Hollywood, California, became the international center of movie production, grinding Westerns, crime dramas, and comedies. By 1930, most small towns had theaters, and movies had become the nation's chief form of mass entertainment. Movie attendance during the 1920s averaged 80 million people a week, more than half the national population, and attendance surged even more after 1928 when "talking" movies appeared. Americans spent ten times as much on movies as they did on tickets to baseball and footballs games.
Supreme Court labor law rulings
In Lochner v. New York (1905), the Supreme Court ruled that a ten-hour-workday law was unconstitutional because it violated worker's right to accept any jobs they wanted, no matter how bad the working conditions or how low the pay. Three years later, however, in Muller v. Oregon (1908) the Court upheld a ten-hour-workday law for women, largely on the basis of research showing the ill effects of long working hours on women's health. In Bunting v Oregon (1917), the Court accepted a state law allowing no more than a ten-hour-workday for both men and women. But for twenty years later, the highest court ruled against state laws requiring a minimum wage.
Complete the passage below describing some of the regulatory policies implemented under the First New Deal to address the nation's shaky financial sector.
In addition to creating the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the BANKING Act of 1933 also included a crucial section called the GLASS-STEAGALL ACT, which blocked COMMERCIAL banks from investing their consumers' savings in the stock market by SEPARATING commercial banking and investment banking into two distinct categories. Those banks categorized as investment were the ONLY banks allowed to participate in the stock market.
Complete the passage below to describe how the Populist party contributed to the progressive movement.
In the 1890s the United States experienced a depression that caused massive unemployment and widespread poverty. The Populist party differed from the progressive movement in that the Populists were popular in the South and West while the progressive movement was nationwide and more urban. The Populists were interested in political reform like the direct election of senators. Progressives adopted many of these reforms in the twentieth century.
Complete the passage below describing the political battle within the United States over whether to ratify the Treaty of Versailles and join the League of Nations.
In the aftermath of World War I, President Wilson was able to assert his influence over the Paris Peace Conference because of the role that the United States played in the victory of the Allied Powers. The government that was most effective in opposing President Wilson's vision of a postwar world was his own. The ratification process was constantly obstructed in the U.S. Senate. As a result, President Wilson embarked on a transcontinental speaking tour to sway the American people to support the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles. In the end, the Senate rejected the treaty.
How did each of the following measures improve the democratic process?
Initiative - allowed voters to create petitions to add proposals to the ballot Recall - allowed voters to remove corrupt officials from office Direct Primary - allowed everyone in a party to vote in primary elections Referendum - allowed voters to vote on proposals created by citizens Seventeenth Amendment - allowed the people to elect senators directly
Muckraking
Investigative journalists whose aggressive reporting played a crucial role in educating and exposing the upper and middle classes about corruption and abuses in politic, business, consumer safety, working conditions, and while spurring the public interest in progressive reforms.
Identify how the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment changed the political landscape of the United States.
It immediately reshaped the electoral landscape, as women accounted for 40 percent of the electorate in the presidential election of 1920.
During the progressive era who was considered a leading reformer
Jane Addams
The first author to illustrate the increasing feeling of anxiety in the United States after World War II was
John Galbraith
The Grapes of Wrath
John Steinbeck's novel about Oklahomans who left the Dust Bowl for California where hardships continued
Who is best associated with the Second Red Scare's hunt for communists?
Joseph McCarthy
Who was arrested for helping smuggle atomic bomb plans to the Soviets?
Julius Rosenberg
The __________ allowed the president to provide military aid to any nation that he deemed needed it.
Lend-Lease Bill
The first real test of the Obama Doctrine came in
Libya
Opposition to jazz
Many Americans were not fans of jazz. Several prominent women's rights leaders dismissed both ragtime and jazz as dangerously sensual music that encouraged rape. Some of the jazz dances that were created had sexually provocative movements that shocked traditionalists.
Stagnant wages
Many business owners during the twenties had taken large profits while denying wage increases to employees, and by plowing profits into business expansion, executive salaries, and stock dividends rather than wage increases for hourly workers, employers created a growing imbalance: factories and mills were producing more goods but the purchasing power of consumers was declining.
Complete the passage below describing the extent to which Prohibition was a conservative reaction to immigration.
Many supporters of Prohibition wanted to limit the undesirable activities of immigrant groups, who were believed to drink excessively. During World War I, backlash against German immigrants and beer brewers helped further the cause of Prohibition.
During the 1930s, China was weakened by civil war between _____________ and _____________
Mao Zedong, Chiang Kai-shek
Urban middle class available commodities
Moderately priced creature comforts and conveniences, such as flush toilets, electric irons and fans, handheld cameras, wristwatches, cigarette lighters, vacuum cleaners, and linoleum floors, became more widely available.
Identify the location of the Western Front, a region that saw on average 900 Frenchmen and 1,300 Germans die each day.
Middle Region
Complete the passage below describing the influences on the modernist movement.
Modernism began as a reaction to scientific changes, such as the theory of relativity, as well as World War I. Modernists believed that social progress could not be taken for granted and many modernists also did not believe in God. Modernists' experimentation with artistic forms reflected a belief in a subjective reality.
Women working in the 20's
Most women who worked outside the home labored in unskilled, low-wage jobs. Only 4 percent of working women in the 1920s were salaried professionals; the vast majority worked for hourly wages. Some women moved into new vocations created by the growing consumer culture, such as accounting assistants and department store clerks. The majority of women, however, were still either full-time wive and mothers or household servants.
Which of the following describe how the muckrakers contributed to the progressive movement?
Muckrakers educated the public about the problems society faced.
Why did Congress feel compelled to pass the Immigration Act of 1924?
Nativist Americans were afraid of the political ideologies of eastern and southern European immigrants.
in an attempt to appease Hitler's land hunger, British Prime Minister __________ met with Hitler in Munich and secured a treaty that he declared provided "peace for our time"
Neville Chamberlain
______________ killed roughly 100 million people worldwide in 1918.
The Spanish flu
The statement that the United States "cannot—and will not—conceive of all the plans, design all the programs, execute all the decisions, and undertake all the defense of the free nations of the world" is known as the
Nixon Doctrine
Martin Luther King Jr. encouraged _____________ civil disobedience to promote the civil rights movement.
Nonviolent
After the United States' withdrawal from Vietnam,
North Vietnam was able to defeat South Vietnam
Complete the passage below describing the first decisions that Roosevelt made to address the collapse of thousands of the nation's banks.
One of Roosevelt's advisors claimed that in his first eight days as president, Roosevelt "saved CAPITALISM." Most of this can be attributed to Roosevelt's push for the Emergency BANKING Relief Act, which led to a four-day CLOSURE of all banks in order to diffuse the panic surrounding the financial sector. Roosevelt reinforced his strategy through FIRESIDE chats, during which he assured Americans that they could safely deposit their money in banks once again. These reassurances proved successful as people RETURNED their money to the banks once they reopened.
What did critics call President Obama's healthcare reform plan?
Obamacare
20's new system of values
Old virtues of hard work, plain living, and frugal money management were challenged by a new system of values celebrating leisure, self-expression, and self-indulgence, all achieved through the purchase of 'name brand" products.
Triangle Fire
On March 25, 1911, a fire broke out at the Triangle Shirtwaist factory in New York City. Escape routes were limited because the owner kept the stairway door locked to prevent theft, and 146 workers trapped on the upper floors of the ten-story building died in the fire or leaped tot heir deaths. The victims few the incident were mostly young, foreign-born women in their teens, almost all of whom were Jewish, Italian, or Russian immigrants. After the incident, dozens of new city and state regulations dealing with fire hazards, dangerous working conditions, and child labor were enacted across the nation.
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
One of the most innovative programs of the New Deal that was designed to bring electrical power, flood control efforts, and jobs to Appalachia, the desperately poor mountainous region including West Virginia, western Virginia and North Carolina, Kentucky, eastern Tennessee, and northern Georgia and Alabama.
What was the immediate cause of the outbreak of the Great War?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Organization founded in 1910 by black activists and white progressives that promoted education as a means of combating social problems and focused on legal action to secure the civil rights supposedly guaranteed by the Fourth Amendment and Fifteenth Amendments.
3 New Deal goals
President Roosevelt confronted four major challenges: reviving the industrial economy, relieving the widespread human misery, rescuing the ravaged farm sector and its desperate families, and reforming those aspects of the capitalist system that had helped cause the Depression. His goals in providing "relief, recovery, and reform" was to save the nation's capital system while also providing help to those in great distress.
Wilson urges neutrality
President Wilson maintained that the united States "was too proud to fight" in Europe's war, "with which e have nothing to do, whose causes cannot touch us." He asked Americans to remain "neutral in thought as well as in action."
Progressive hypocrisy
Progressive's "do-good" perspective was limited by the racial and ethnic prejudices of the day as well as social and intellectual snobbery. Well-educated progressives felt and acted superior to the working class they wanted to help.
Complete the passage below to describe how progressives use Taylorism to achieve their goals.
Progressives championed the practice of "scientific management," developed for industry by Frederick Winslow Taylor, to promote government reform. Taylorism had helped businesses run more effectively by improving productivity. Progressives used Taylorism to make the government more efficient and made sure that experts took over some positions previously held by political appointees. This reduced waste and corruption.
Progressives vs. Populism
Progressivism was more of a widespread impulse supported by elements of both major parties than it was a single movement with a common agenda with emphasis on positive changes in society led by people "stand for the cause of progress, for the cause of the uplift of humanity and the betterment of mankind." Populism has grassroots that were confined to poor rural regions in the South and Midwest.
What were the other major new social and cultural trends and movements that became prominent during the twenties? How did they challenge traditional standards and customs? Identify the accomplishments of the following modernist individuals.
Q- Henry van Dyke A-N/A Q- Marcus Garvey A-N/A Q- Sigmund Freud A-This thinker helped promote greater cultural awareness of the influence of sexual desire on people's behavior. Q- Lillian Symes A- N/A Q- Margaret Sanger A-This nurse and midwife founded an organization that distributed birth control information to women. Q- Louis Armstrong A-This artist helped create a musical style that captured the spirit of the age with its emphasis on pleasure, spontaneity, and rejection of convention
Assess the consumer culture that emerged in America in the 1920s. What are the factors that contributed to its growth? Identify what encouraged the development of the following industries during the 1920s.
Q- This industry grew as national companies used mass advertising to sell consumer products.Correct label: A- radio Q- The federal government built thousands of miles of national highways and roads.Correct label: A- automobile Q- The increasing popularity of automobiles provided a market for this growing American industry.Correct label: A- oil Q- The Air Commerce Act allowed the government to fund airport construction.Correct label: A- airplane
What were the other major new social and cultural trends and movements that became prominent during the twenties? How did they challenge traditional standards and customs? Match the following terms to their influence over young people in the 1920s.
Q- depicted young people engaging in sexual activitiesCorrect label: A- Flaming Youth Q- provided young people justification to rebel against social norms and indulge in sexCorrect label: A- Freud Q- the dress and style of young women, which was strikingly different from those of previous generationsCorrect label: A- flappers
What does "modernism" mean in intellectual and artistic terms? How did the modernist movements influence American culture in the early twentieth century? Identify the following contributions to the modernist movement.
Q- made modern art popular in the United States A- Armory Show Q- produced cynical literary works inspired by the events of World War I A- Lost Generation Q- produced scientific discoveries that changed the way people viewed reality A- Albert Einstein Q- produced dark and cynical movies that depicted the horrors of World War I A- N/a
Modernist
Rebellious intellectuals, writers, and artists who believed that the start of the twentieth century was a historical hinge opening the way for a new world view that rejected traditional notions of reality and values and adopting radical new forms of artistic expression.
Immediately following the conclusion to World War I, the ____________ divided people in regards to immigration issues.
Red Scare
Robert M. La Follette and the "Wisconsin idea"
Republican governor who worked closely with professors from the University of Wisconsin to establish a Legislative reference Bureau, which provided elected officials across the state with nonpartisan research, advice, and help in drafting of legislation.
The Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 allowed state legislatures to make their state a _________________ state.
Right-to-work
In 1973 this landmark case was decided by the Supreme Court striking down state laws on abortion
Roe v Wade
Election of 1936
Roosevelt accepted a second nomination from the Democratic party and Alfred M. Landon, a progressive Republican who endorsed many of Roosevelt's New Deals, accepted the nomination from the Republican party. Roosevelt carried every state except Maine and Vermont, with a popular vote of 27.7 million to Landon's 16.7 million.
3 prong revival strategy
Roosevelt and his advisers initially settled on a three-pronged strategy to revive the economy. First, they addressed the immediate money crisis and provided short-term emergency relief for the jobless. Second, the New Dealers encouraged agreements between management and unions. Third, they attempted to raise depressed commodity prices by paying farmers "subsidies" to shrink the size of their crops and herds.
Complete the passage below describing how Roosevelt's Second New Deal influenced the Democratic party.
Roosevelt enjoyed a sizeable victory in the election of 1936, and the Democrats controlled Congress. Many of Roosevelt's policies CAUSED A RIFT in the DEMOCRATIC party. The president's COURT-PACKING plan drew HARSH CRITICISM from Congress. SOUTHERN DEMOCRATS did not like the increasing number of AFRICAN AMERICANS and unionists who supported Roosevelt.
Complete the passage below to describe events leading to the formation of the Progressive party.
Roosevelt was angry with Taft's policies and developed a set of principles known as New Nationalism. Roosevelt tried to win the Republican nomination for president in 1912. When the party chose Taft as its candidate, Roosevelt and his supporters formed a party with progressive goals such as women's suffrage, a minimum wage, and other social reforms.
Identify how Roosevelt's Second New Deal programs differed from the programs in his First New Deal.
Roosevelt's Second New Deal programs focused on social justice while the first programs were designed to save the economy.
The meeting between President Nixon and the Soviet Union resulted in the ________ treaty.
SALT I
The meeting between President Nixon and the Soviet Union resulted in the ___________ treaty.
SALT I
The father of the muckrakers and their style of writing could be considered
Samuel Mcclare
President reagan appointed the first female to the Supreme Court. Her name is
Sandra Day O'Connor
During the Eisenhower administration, all but which one of the following were desegregated in Washington, D.C.?
Schools
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned racial segregation everywhere except
Schools
The _______ Trial is a classic example of modernism versus fundamentalism.
Scopes
Eleanor Roosevelt as first lady
She was one of the reasons for Franklin Roosevelt's popularity and became an enormous political asset and would prove to be one of the most influential leaders of the time. During the 1920s, she began her lifelong crusade on behalf of women, blacks, and youth. She also became an outspoken activist: the first woman to address a national political convention, to write a nationally-syndicated newspaper column, and to hold regular pres conferences.
How did each of the following contribute to the progressive movement?
Socialists - supported better working conditions The Ys and the Salvation Army - developed charities to provide services to the community and those in need Mugwumps - fought for "honest government" Journalists - educated the public by exposing corruption
Technology
Technology played a key role in the prosperity of the twenties by making manufacturing a more mechanical, assembly-line process. new machines (electric motors, steam turbines, dump trucks, tractors, bulldozers, steam shovels) and more efficient ways of operating farms, factories, plants, mines, and mills generated dramatic increases in production.
Jazz Age
Term coined by writer F. Scott Fitzgerald to characterize the spirit of rebellion and spontaneity among young Americans in the 1920s, a spirit epitomized by the hugely popular jazz music of the era.
Before becoming president, Ronald Reagan was governor of which state?
Texas
Economic boom for the United States
The Allied Powers desperately needed food and supplies, leading to the number of exports quadrupling from 1914 to 1916 and generating an economic boom for American businesses, bankers, and farmers.
Which of the following did not play a factor in securing the presidency for Ronald Reagan?
The Iran-Contra scandal
Upon reaching the interior of Germany, American soldiers discovered
The Jewish concentration camps
¨The Jungle¨
The Jungle is a 1906 novel written by the American journalist and novelist Upton Sinclair. Wrote about health violations and unsanitary practices in the American meatpacking industry during the early 20th century, based on an investigation he did for a socialist newspaper.
What was the executive order issued by Truman to ensure there were no communists or their associates in the United States government called?
The Loyalty Order
Populists inspire the progressive movement
The Populist platforms of 1892 and 1896 included political reforms intended to give more power "to the people," and other reforms from Populists that were implemented by the progressives.
Complete the passage below describing an act of Congress.
The SECURITIES Exchange Act of 1933 created greater transparency in the SALE of stocks and bonds by demanding that all corporations selling their stock PUBLICITY divulge pertinent information about their COMPANY to better inform buyers.
Why was Warren G. Harding selected to represent the Republican party in the 1920 election?
The Republican Party could not agree on anyone else.
Analyze the election maps. Compare the results of the elections of 1896 and 1912. What factors contributed to Woodrow Wilson winning states that had traditionally voted Republican?
The Republican party wasn't unified.
SSA as unemployment insurance
The Social Security set up a shared federal-state unemployment insurance program that was financed by a payroll tax on employers.
How did the cold war change in 1949?
The Soviets detonated a nuclear bomb
Allied Powers
The Triple Entente; nations fighting the Central Powers during the Great War, including France, Great Britain, and Russia; later joined by Italy and, after Russia quit the war in 1917, the United States.
How did the Republican isolationist foreign policy turn back the Progressives' foreign policy legacy?
The United States increased tariff rates on European goods, which decreased economic competition and made it difficult for Europe to pay its debts.
What occurred immediately after World War II ended in the United States?
The United States experienced a mild recession and then its economy shot to new heights
UNIA
The Universal Negro Improvement Association, it was organization founded by Marcus Garvey.
The defining moment for baby boomers was
The Vietnam War
Examine the image of the production line at the Ford Motor Company's Highland Park plant. Ford Motor Company's Highland Park plant, 1913. Gravity slides and chain conveyors guide the body pieces from an upper level down onto the chassis. What does the image reveal about the mass production of automobiles?
The assembly line brings together semicomplete sections of the car from different levels of the factory.
Complete the passage below regarding the experiences of various ethnic communities during the Great Depression.
The black community was one of the most SERIOUSLY AFFECTED groups during the Great Depression, as many African Americans were already poor, barely scratching out a living in the South on small farms. Those who had migrated north to work in FACTORIES were often the first to lose their jobs. Blacks, Mexicans, and Asians were often REFUSED government or private charitable assistance. Facing increased competition from white and Mexican Americans, many ASIAN migrant farm workers in the West migrated to cities. As the economy spiraled downward, Mexicans Americans were subject to calls for DEPORTATION to Mexico regardless of their residency status. As many as 500,000 Mexican Americans were eventually deported to Mexico.
Mary McLeod Bethune
The child of former slaves from South Carolina, who had founded Bethune-Cookman College in Florida and had served as the head of the NAACP in the 1920s. Roosevelt approved her appointment as the director of the Division of Negro Affairs within the National Youth Administration.
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was part of which of the following larger conflicts that led to the outbreak of World War I?
The conflict between the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Serbia
Depression of the 1890s spurs progressives
The devastating effects of the depression prompted many upper-middle-class urban people- layers, doctors, executives, social workers, teachers, professors, journalists, and college-educated women- to organize efforts to reform society
European economy
The final cause of the Depression was the never-recovered economy of European countries form World War I. Nations such as Great Britain, France, Spain, and Italy slowed their purchases of American goods as their shattered economies, slowly recovering from the devastation of the warm were finally able to produce more goods of their own.
First industrialized war
The first war fought between nations using new weapons that dramatically increased the war's scope and destruction. Machine guns, submarines, aerial bombings, poison gas, flame throwers, land mines, mortars,long-range artillery, and armored tanks changed the nature of warfare.
Federal Reserve
The government agency responsible for serving as a "central bank" by managing the nation's money supply and interest rates. Instead of expanding the nation's money supply in an effort to generate growth, it did the reverse and reduced the money supply out of concern for possible inflation in consumer prices. The nations money supply shrank by a third.
Which of the following reflects progressives' beliefs about the ideal role of the government, despite the variety of their goals and methods?
The government should be responsive to the needs of the people and address the ills of society.
The Mississippi governor Theodore Bilbo stated in 1931, "Communism is gaining a foothold ... . In fact, I'm feeling a little pink myself." Analyze this quotation, and evaluate its significance for American society during the Great Depression.
The governor was worried that sympathy for communism would gain support among economically devastated Americans in the early years of the Great Depression.
F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote in This Side of Paradise that the "sad young men" who had fought in Europe to "make the world safe for democracy" had "grown up to find all Gods dead, all wars fought, all faiths in man shaken." What does this quotation reveal about American art and literature in the 1920s?
The horrific experience of the war had undermined a belief in God. -Cynicism was a common theme in American literature. -Art and literature were influenced by the horrors of World War I.
Samuel S. McClure
The owner of McClure's who began paying idealistic journalists to root out the rampant corruption in politics and corporations, determined to use his popular magazine and power for good.
Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon's approach to the Great Depression
The policy he advised would be to ¨liquidate labor, liquidate stocks, liquidate the farmers, liquidate real estate.¨ Letting events run their course, he insisted, would urge the rottenness out of the system. High costs of living would come down. People will work harder, live a moral life." His approach did not work , however. Falling wages and declining land and home values made it harder for farmers, businesses, and households to pay their debt. With so many people losing jobs and income, consumers and businesses simply could not buy enough goods and services to get the economy growing again.
according to the lecture, as businesses became more efficient, worker satisfaction also always increased
false
women in the war work were usually able to keep their jobs
flase
Despite success in reforming the political system, progressives failed to adequately regulate big business in the 1890s.
True
For pardoning Nixon, President Ford suffered a huge decline in his popualrity
True
Why did progressive leader Jane Addams believe churches and charities were "totally inadequate to deal with the vast numbers of the city's disinherited"?
There were too many people who needed help. Churches and charities could not reach them all.
How did the Soviet union react to the failed Vienna Summit in 1961?
They built a wall around West Berlin
In 1968, students managed to shut down Columbia University
True
Identify the ways in which the Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts contributed to the war effort.
They helped sell war bonds that eventually helped fund the war effort.
How did the Wilson administration use women to aid the war effort?
They were told to take on jobs previously held by men.
In 1971, Nixon imposed wage and price controls in an effort to curb inflation
True
Breaking with both Progressives and those who favored intense economic competition, Herbert Hoover believed that businesses needed to cooperate to make the economy function efficiently.
True
Complete the passage below regarding the economic and social status of women during the Great Depression.
Though women had a LOWER rate of joblessness during the Great Depression, they were also tasked with providing EMOTIONAL SUPPORT to their families if their husbands were LAID OFF. Due to their disproportionately low-paying jobs, women were often able to CONTINUE WORKING while men with higher wages lost their jobs. As the economy worsened, however, some people claimed that women were "stealing" jobs from men. States consequently began passing laws BARRING married women from the workforce.
Despite his support from the religious right, Reagan as president did not restore prayer to public schools.
True
At the end of World War II, Korea was divided along the 38th parallel.
True
Bill Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives
True
Slow consumer spending
Two-thirds of American families in 1929 earned less than $2,000 in annual income, an amount said by economists to provide "only basic necessities." In essence, the economy was producing more products that consumers would not afford to buy.
the rejected the treaty of versailles
US senate
france and england tried to repay their world war I debts to the united states by collecting reparations from
germany
Identify the effect that Roosevelt's Second New Deal programs had on unions.
Unions gained membership and became more widely recognized by employers.
Complete the passage below to describe how muckrakers informed Roosevelt's policies on the regulation of the food industry.
Upton Sinclair wrote a novel that revealed the horrors of the meatpacking industry in 1906. Roosevelt was inspired by the journalist's work and encouraged Congress to pass two laws that would regulate the industry. The Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act allowed the government to inspect food and medicine.
Americans feared U.S. involvement in Nicaragua during President Reagan's administration because it seemed similar to
Vietnam
This organization saw the conversion of American industries to war production
War Production Board
The newspaper that broke the story of Watergate was the
Washington Post
When the Bonus Expeditionary Force marched on Washington to demand that Congress assist economically strapped World War I veterans, how did President Hoover respond?
When Congress did not act on the veterans' demands, Hoover's primary concern was to remove the homeless veterans who remained camped out near the Capitol building. He made no effort to address their demands for a bonus on their pensions.
Complete the passage below describing the readiness of the United States for war at the time it declared war on Germany.
When the United States declared war on Germany, the U.S. Army was unprepared for battle. The size of the existing army was grossly inadequate compared to those of the Central Powers and Allied Powers; further, American troops were armed with outdated weaponry. The federal government's authority grew in order to expedite the American entry into World War I. Nearly 3 million troops between the ages of twenty-one and thirty were drafted to fight in World War I.
How did President Wilson respond to the request from African American civil rights leaders for the inclusion of a fifteenth point in Wilson's Fourteen Points that promised an end to racial discrimination?
Wilson did not respond to their request.
Which of the following describes Wilson's reason for creating the Federal Reserve System?
Wilson wanted to prevent banks from failing during panics.
What was Wilson's motivation for creating the Underwood-Simmons Tariff?
Wilson wanted to reduce the tariff in order to promote competition. He believed that a high tariff supported monopolies and high prices. The Underwood-Simmons Tariff also led to the creation of the income tax.
Flappers
Young women of the 1920s whose rebellion against prewar standards of femininity included wearing shorter dresses, bobbing their hair, dancing to jazz music, driving cars, smoking cigarettes, and indulging in illegal drinking and gambling.
Jacob Riis
a Danish immigrant, he became a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s
Graduated Income Tax
a method of taxation that taxes people at different rates depending on income
in 1899, the united states divided control of the samoa islands with
germany
Civil Service
a system of hiring and promotion based on the merit principle and the desire to create a nonpartisan government service.
Spoils System
a system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends
which of the following statements is correct?
after world war II, presidential authority increased at the expense of congressional and state power
president roosevelt faced four major challenges when he first took office, they included all of the following except?
aiding european governments abroad
the largest territorial acquisition of the 19th century since louisiana purchase was
alaska
perhaps the most profound discovery of the moderinist era is _______ theory of relativity
albert einstien
eugene v. debs and the ______________ became famous during the ______________
american railway union, pullman strike
one way that american socialists differed from european socialists was that
american socialists did not advocate for government ownership of businesses
the twenty-first amendment, passed in 1933 allowed
americans to drink alcohol again
eisenhower considered this the biggest mistake he had ever made
appointed chief justice earl warren
heading into the second world war, _______ and _______ embraced facism
germany, italy
when president carter cut federal spending and federal taxes to save the economy, he inadvertently
caused inflation to occur
Whereas President theodore roosevelt saw himself as a __ president taft saw himself as a __
crusader of reform judge like administrator
in 1962, u.s. spy planes discovered what appeared to be soviet missile sites in
cuba
this group's convention experienced a riot in 1968
democrat
17th Admendment
direct election of U.S. senators by voters
Corruption
dishonest or illegal actions
according to the lecture, when an entity acquires businesses not related to the original business, that is called
diversification
all of the following constitute the great plains except
eastern kansas
according to your textbook the post civil war west symbolized
economic opportunity and personal freedom
which of the following statements regarding race relations in the last years of the 19th century is most applicable
economic, legal, and social discrimination increased
what inspired FDR to set up the manhattan project?
einstein warned him the germans were working on the same project
what invention spurred the industrial and urban development?
electricity
what two items led to a major change during the 1920 in how many americans spent their lesuire time
electricity and marketing
conservatives during the 1950s were outraged by the actions of the new generation, who best epitomized their scorn?
elvis presley
was the leader of the filipino nationalists during the war of 1898
emilio aguinaldo
the purpose of the works progress administration was to
employ out of work americans
which of the following was NOT part of the good movement of the progressive era
ending segregated school
Manufacturing slowed during the 1920s as the American people increasingly purchased consumer goods.
false
The Foran Act made it illegal for federal or state government workers to join labor unions
false
The underwood simmons hill created the first regular income tax
false
William H taft achieved the most significant tariff reduction of any progressive president
false
William was a weak president who trusted congress to adopt the proper policies
false
Sherman Anti-trust Act
first federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting, However, it was initially misused against labor unions
fear of foreign terrorists and radicalism led to the _________ at the end of the 1910s
first red scare
Primary
first, main, or most important
in an attempt to lower the risk of war the united states was party to the which limited the size of naval warships for those who signed the document
five power treaty
Intellectuals and artists who believed that the 20th century was the turning point in human development were known as
flappers
President Nixon's greatest success came in the field of
foreign policy
all of the following were common problems for homesteaders on the great plains except
forest fires
president cleveland's decision to support the gold standard
fractured the democrat party into pro-gold, pro- silver wings
16th Admendment
gave congress the power to tax personal income
france and england tried to repay their world war 1 debts to the united states by collecting reperations from
germany
miners were drawn to nevadas comstock lode by the discovery of ___________ there in the 1850s
gold
which of the following industries was the united states not a world leader in by 1900
gold
which of the following was the u.s. not a world leader in by 1900?
gold
in his inaugurla address, president franklin roosevelt outlined what he called his _________, which stated that no nation had the right to intervene with another nation's matters
good neighbor policy
President Theodore Roosevelt
he was a Rough Rider in the Spanish American War, our 26th President and was remembered as saying, "Speak softly and carry a big stick, you will go far"
what was the conerstone for president clinton's political agenda in his first term
health care reform
thanks to this man's invention steel became substantially cheaper to make
henry bessemer
the largest group employed in factories during the gilded age was
immigrants
the _______________ was charged with removing the causes of the indian wars in the west in _________
indian peace commission, 1867
what was the progressive approach to social problems?
investigate, educate, legistlate
Identify the basic characteristic of jazz music that made it unique from other popular music genres in the 1920s.
involved spontaneous improvisation
What were the other major new social and cultural trends and movements that became prominent during the twenties? How did they challenge traditional standards and customs? Identify the basic characteristic of jazz music that made it unique from other popular music genres in the 1920s.
involved spontaneous improvisation
in the 1940 presidential election, FDR promoted __________ while his opponent favored __________
isolationism, intervention
the father of eisenhower's policy of massive retaliation was
john f. dulles
open door policy of stated that china should remain open to european and american trade
john hay
this labor leader headed the united states mine workers and supported president roosevelts second new deal
john l lewis
barack obama campaigned against ____________, his republican rival for the presidency
john mccain
Muckraker
journalists who attempted to find corruption or wrongdoing in industries and expose it to the public
during eisenhower's administration, the conflict in ________ came to an end
korea
what did not play a role in the terrible economic conditions in the south during the late 19th century
lack of labor
what did not play a role in the terrible economic conditions in the south during the late 19th century?
lack of labor
Boss Tweed
leader of the Democratic Tammany Hall, New York political machine
during the great war, wilsons administration organized the sale of ______, which guaranteed a fixed rate of return to fund the war
liberty bonds
the ________________ was romanitcized interpretations of civil war that envisioned confederates as noble defenders of the southern way of life
lost cause
in his 2 presidential election in 1936 democrat franklin roosevelt carried all the states of the union except
maine and vermont
the black power movement was best associated with
malcolm x
which of the following statements regarding the effects of the great depression is innacurate
malnutrition was not a serious concern
richard nixon secured what famous country singer to promote his presidential campaign
merle haggard
in the soviet union, communist hardliners saw this man as the reason for the collapse of their government
mikhail gorbachev
the was a series of state constitutional amendments designed to restrict black voting
mississippi plan
intellectuals and artists who believed that the 20th century was the turning point in human development were known as
modernists
theodore roosevelt's nickname during the 1900 presidential campaign was
mr. imperialism
by 1900, ________ of college students were women
one third
to help finance the war, congress
passed the revenue act
this law gave federal authorities the right to eavesdrop on confidential conversations between inmates and their lawyers
patriot act
this power meant that those newly elected could appoint people to jobs in their sphere of authority
patronage
the publication of these documents showed the american public that they had never been informed of the full story on the gulf of tonkin incident of 1964
pentagon papers
perhaps one of the greatest catalysts to reform during the gilded age was the assassination of
president garfield
which of the following was NOT one of the positive attributes for acquiring hawaii
prestige
parity price
price intended to keep income steady
Conservation
protecting and preserving natural resources and the environment
the new immigrants that arrived after 1890 to the united states were not primarily
protestant
which of the following religous groups was particularly supportive of the war of 1898
protestants
National Industrial Recovery Act
provided $ to construct schools & community buildings
Social Security Act
provided aid (3 parts) 1. old-age insurance for retirees 65 or older 2. unemployment compensation 3. families w/ dependent children & the disabled
National Youth Admin
provided education, jobs, & counseling to 2 million young people & needy students
which of the following is not an area where the CIA helped orchestrate pro-U.S. endings to internal events in the 1950s?
prussia
because of the excesses of the gilded age, a major period of occurred to
reform, counter
Securities and Exchange Commission
regulate stock market
Tennessee Valley Authority
renovated dams, constructed 20 new ones, created jobs, provided flood control & hydroelectric power
________________ are the payment of money for war damages
reparations
because of the rising number of immigrants in the united states, this political party found itself becoming a minority party
republican
hoover was a member of what political party?
republican
hoover was a member of which political party?
republican
the _____ raised the tax rates on annual income of more than 50.000 during the 2 new deal
revenure act of 1935
the securities and exchange comission
required all stock brokers to be licenced
Federal Securities Act
required companies to provide info on all stock offerings
the hawaiian ruler queen liluokalani tried to do what in the early 1890s
restrict the growing political power of america in the islands
the first president to travel to communist china was
richard nixon
who won the presidential election of 1968
richard nixon
The Taft-Harley Act of 1947 allowed state legislatures to make their state a _________ state.
right-to-work
your textbook asserts that all of the following were indications of the weakening american economy at the end of the 1920s except
rising automobile sales
according to the lecture, canals were often more efficient than _____________
roads
according to the lecture, which of the following is the correct sequence of events?
roads, canals, trains, and trucks
during president george h. w. bush's administration, nicolae ceaus,escu was overthrown as dictator of
romania
on december 1, 1955, _____________, an african american seamstress refused to relinquish her seat to a white man on a city bus
rosa parks
which of the following items needed to be imported into the united states from 1867-1945
rubber
which of the following was NOt one of the reasons Hitler gave for the german expansion and war
rubber production
president hoover believed the best ways to help the needy during the depression were ____ and ___
self reliance and voluntarism
President Nixon's New Federalism plan promoted
sending federal monies to the states to spend as they saw fit
president nixon's new federalism plan promoted
sending federal monies to the states to spend as they saw fit
Agricultural Adjustment Act
sought to raise crop prices by lowering production
andrew carnegie is best associated with which industry
steel
During the great war the esionage and sedation acts
stifiled free speach
in the cities, what helped spur the development of professional sporting events?
streetcars
according to the lecture, which of the following is the correct order?
telegraph, telephone, radio, movies
After the attack on 9/11, President Bush launched a war on
terror
which statement best describes president eisenhowers belief on ending segregation
that is must start with the state and local levels
according to your textbook the most scandalous event in the history of american art occured at
the armory show in 1913
what sparked race riots in more than 100 cities in 1968
the assassination of MLK
Assembly line
the automobile industry became the leading example of modern mass-production techniques and efficiency. Ford's Highland Park plant outside Detroit was designed to increase output dramatically by creating a moving assembly line rather than having a crew of workers assemble each car in a fixed position. With conveyors pulling the parts along feeder lines and the chassis down an assembly line, each workers performed a single particular task. This system could produce a new car in ninety-three minutes.
Public Interest
the best interests of the overall community; the national good, rather than the narrow interests of a particular group
what helped the sexual revolution grow in the 1960s?
the birth control pill was approved by the FDA
A British army chaplain declared World War I to be a "Waste of Muscle, Waste of Brain, Waste of Patience, Waste of Pain ... Waste of Glory, Waste of God." What unique aspects of World War I does this quotation address?
the brutal nature of industrial warfare and the massive casualties it inflicted on combatants
at the battle of _____________ the threat of Japan seizing Australia was ended
the coral sea
the biggest problem facing george h. w. bush when he became president was
the debt
Criticism of stubborn Hoover
the depressed economy hurt the Republican political party and President Herbert Hoover,
the first telltale sign of the collapse of the soviet union was
the destruction of the berlin wall
according to the lecture, the american medical association was formed by what group?
the middle class
the monroe doctrine applied to
the new world, independent nations in th eamericas,and areas not currently occupied or colonized by a european power
how was the foundation of the progressive movement different than that of the populist movement?
the progressive movement was based on addressing issues that occurred in urban areas
during the gilded age, temperance organizations were best associated with
the republican party
why was warren g. harding selected to represent the republican party in the 1920 election?
the republican party could not agree on anyone else
what was not one of the factors that occured after WWII that led to the Cold War
the return of fascism in italy, forcing a division in the united nations
one of the first areas were people began to be interest in reforming society was aimed at
the tenements
the term sewards folly applies to
the united states acquisition of alaska in 1867
what did secretary of state james byrnes try to use as leverage to force the soviets to honor their agreements after world war II
the united states possession of atomic bombs
which of the following statements regarding the consequences of the war of 1898 is most accurate
the war boosted american self confidence and reinforced racist attitudes
what was a reason that married women were offered less pay during the gilded age?
their husbands supported them
The groups behind the YMCA and YWCA created their programs because
they believed that Christianity had gotten too far from the lower economic
why were the russians not concerned about the threat of nuclear war with the united states
they had spies providing them information to build their own nuclear weapons
why did the japanese often experience such high casualty rates during world war II?
they refused to surrender
Lost Generation
those who had lost faith in the values and institutions of Western civilization and were frantically looking for new gods to worship
President theodore roosevelt accomplishef the majority of his progressive agenda
through executive actions
Between 1997 and 2006, home prices rose very impressively in Sunbelt states
true
Many immigrant groups in the US supported central powers in the European Wars
true
Ralph Ellison wrote the invisible man
true
The Strategic Defense initiative was also known as "Star Wars"
true
The culture of modernism viewed a reality as something to be created not copied
true
The phrase square deal is associated with theodore roosevelt
true
a french company dug a canal part of the way through the panama in the 1880s
true
according to the lecture, attempting to control most or all of a single level of an industry is called horizontal integration
true
according to the lecture, by the later 1800s the united states was seeking new markets in which to sell our manufactured goods
true
what was the united states first billion dollar corporation
united states steel corporation
what book brought to light the abuses in the united states meatpacking industry in the early 20th century?
upton sinclair's the jungle
Many of reforms pushed by the populists
were implemented bu the progressives
many of the reforms pushed by the populists
were implemented by the progressives
frederick jackson turner's frontier thesis ignored all of the following groups except
white men
which of the following groups had the highest rate of joblessness in early years of the great depression
whites
which united states president was responsible for the annexation of hawaii
william mckinley
president argued that the united states must intervene to stabilize weak governments in the wester hemisphere to keep european nations from doing so
wilson
which of the following statements regarding wilson is innacurate
wilson had a great deal of international relations experience when he was elected
who made up the so called bonus expeditionary force
world war 1 vets
is a sensationalist style of newspaper reporting that appeared during the Spanish American War
yellow journalism
to protect their companies from becoming union shops owners often employed the ____contract
yellow-dog
