exam 2-1

What is the leading cause of disability in Europe and the US?

mental illness

What was electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) ?

method of treatment for mental disorders involving the administration of electric current to induce a coma or convulsions

What increases one's risk of experiencing PTSD, major depression, or other mental health problems?

military service in a combat zone

What does Medicaid cover for mental health?

now pays for more than half of publicly funded mental health care

What did the CDC develop to help schools conduct their own analysis of health curricula?

Health Education Curriculum Analysis Tool (HECAT)

What are diseases of adaptation?

diseases that result from chronic exposure to excess levels of stressors, which produce a General Adaptation Syndrome response -ex: ulcers, high BP, heart disease

What does implementation of policies begin with?

distribution of policies to those who will be affected by them (faculty, staff, students, parents)

What are psychoactive drugs?

drugs that alter sensory perceptions, mood, thought processes, or behavior

What are neuroleptic drugs?

drugs that reduce nervous activity; another term for antipsychotic drugs

What is mental health?

emotional and social well-being, including one's psychological resources for dealing with day-to-day problems of life

What is the psychosocial environment of a school?

encompasses the attitudes, feelings, and values of students and staff

What is tardive dyskinesia?

irreversible condition of involuntary and abnormal movements of the tongue, mouth, arms, and legs, which can result from long-term use of certain antipsychotic drugs (such as chlorpromazine)

Who was Thomas Bond/what did he do?

opened the Pennsylvania Hospital in 1751, the first institution in America specifically designed to care for those with mental illness

What is a coordinated school health program?

organized set of policies, procedures, and activities designed to protect, promote, and improve the health and well-being of students and staff, thus improving a student's ability to learn. -Includes but not limited to: comprehensive school education, school health services, healthy school environment, school counseling, psychological and social services, physical education, school nutrition services, family and community involvement in school health, and school-site health promotion

What is recovery?

outcome sought by most people with mental illness; includes increased independence, effective coping, supportive relationships, community participation, and sometimes gainful employment

What are the 8 health education standards for school health educators?

pg. 164

What is the School Health Policies and Practices Study (SHPPS)?

study conducted by the Division of Adolescent Health of the CDC to monitor the status of school health policy pg.16

Health and __ in school are interrelated.

success -educational progress will be profoundly limited if students aren't motivated and able to learn -need to be healthy and fit physically, mentally, and socially

What was lobotomy?

surgical severance of nerve fibers of the brain by incision

What organization has taken a leadership role in training leaders of school health programs?

the American Cancer Society pg. 170

What is general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?

the complex physiological responses resulting from exposure to stressors

What is parity?

the concept of equality in health care coverage for people with mental illness and those with other medical illnesses or injuries -Mental Health Parity and Addiction Act of 2008

What is school health education?

the development, delivery, and evaluation of a planned curriculum, kindergarten through grade 12 -provides students with knowledge and skills they need to become successful learners and healthy and productive adults

What is Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)?

the first and most famous antipsychotic drug, introduced in 1954 under the brand name Thorazine

What is the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)?

the nation's leading mental health research agency, housed in the National Institutes of Health -established by National Mental Health Act of 1946

What are the 3 stages of GAS?

1. an alarm reaction 2. a stage of resistance 3. exhaustion

What was moral treatment?

treatment for mental illness in which people were removed from the everyday life stressors of their home environments and given "asylum" in a rural setting, including rest, exercise, amusements, and fresh air -William Tuke

What is psychopharmacological therapy?

treatment for mental illness that involves medications

What are mental health courts?

use judges who have special training and can use non adversarial procedures to mandate treatment and rehabilitation if the individual is found guilty rather than incarceration

What are school health policies?

written statements that describe the nature and procedures of a school health program -serve as an indicator of where school health is prioritized within the education agenda

What 2 acts have helped improve support for coordinated school health?

1. Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act 2. Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 pg. 178

What are causes of mental disorders in children?

-bullying -abuse -stress -adversity: poverty, loss, neglect, trauma -bad neighborhoods

What are school based health centers (SBHCs)?

-centers of health in the schools they're based -emphasis on prevention, early intervention, and risk reduction -employ a multidisciplinary team of providers -have an advisory board -provide clinical services -require parents to sign consent forms

What are the CDC's recommendations for decreasing violence in schools?

-explore current bullying prevention policies -work collaboratively to develop policies -explore current programs to prevent bullying and youth violence -offer training on electronic aggression -talk to teens -work with technology staff -create a positive school atmosphere -have a plan in place

What are problems with SBHCs?

-face political and religious opposition -funding -more research needed

What are examples of causes of mental disorders?

-genetic influences on complex brain functions that control a person's thoughts and emotions -intrauterine infections -preterm birth -postnatal exposure to physical, chemical, and biological agents -traumatic brain injuries -diseases like syphilis, cancer, or stroke

Why do drug users and alcohol abusers negatively impact society?

-greater health care needs -suffer more injuries -less productive -cause loss of economic opportunity -social destruction -more violent

What is the purpose of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders? (DSM)

-identifies various mental disorders -provides descriptive info and diagnostic instructions for each -has significant implication for who merits a diagnosis

How is technology a helpful treatment for mental illness?

-makes patients more comfortable w/ therapists -increases privacy -reduces feelings of coerciveness -convenience

Why is lack of support for coordinated school health an issue?

-not enough support for legislation -limited resources, lack of buy-in and investment -lack of organization and leadership support -too high of priority for high-stakes testing -lack of appeal to stakeholders

Why is there controversy with DSM-5?

-places disorders in discrete categories on basis of behavioral signs/symptoms rather than tests/measures -challenge to differentiate normal reactions to life vs. diagnosable disorders -specific genes and brain dysfunctions tend to be associated with multiple disorders -language and cultural differences complicate -social context -those diagnosed ares stigmatized

What was the Community Support Program?

-problems of people with mental illnesses are social welfare problems -offered grants to communities to help people and provide resources

What factors are related to the likelihood of receiving help for mental illnesses?

-sex -ethnicity -geography -immigration status -sexual orientation -income

What does the curriculum outline?

-the scope (what will be taught) -the sequence (when it will be taught)

What are the different roles in policy development?

-write policies: school health advisory council -professional associations help -approval by stakeholders -school board: final authority

What are the 2 major categories of a physical environment in a school?

1. actual, physical plant (buildings and surrounding areas) 2. behaviors of those using the buildings

9What are 4 important components of coordinated school health?

1. administration and organization 2. school health services 3. healthy school environment 4. health education

What are 2 school health curriculum challenges?

1. controversy 2. improper implementation

What are 5 other components of a coordinated school health program?

1. counseling, psychological, and social services 2. physical education 3. school nutrition services 4. family/community involvement for school health 5. school-site health promotion for staff

What 4 things was deinstitutionalization propelled by?

1. economics 2. idealism 3. legal considerations 4. development of marketing of anti-psychotic drugs

What are key responsibilities of a school nurse?

1. facilitating normal development and positive student response to interventions 2. providing leadership in promoting health and safety, including a healthy environment 3. providing quality health care and intervening with actual and potential health problems 4. Using clinical judgement in providing case management 5. Collaborating with others to build student and family capacity for adaptation, self-management, self advocacy, and learning

What are adults with good mental health able to do? (7 things)

1. function under adversity 2. change or adapt to changes around them 3. manage their tension and anxiety 4. find more satisfaction in giving than receiving 5. show consideration for others 6. curb hate and guilt 7. love others

What are 3 mental health care concerns in the US today?

1. how to provide services to homeless people with serious mental illness and or co-occuring substance use disorders 2. what to do about the perception that mental illness is linked to extreme violence 3. resolving the problem that many people with mental illness are in jail/prison

What are the steps to created local health-related policies?

1. identify the policy development team 2. assess the district's needs 3. prioritize needs and develop an action plan 4. draft a policy 5. build awareness and support 6. adopt and implement the policy 7. maintain, measure, and evaluate

What are 6 ways school districts can help reduce controversy and improve the quality of health instruction?

1. implementing age appropriate curricula 2. using effective teaching methods 3. gaining parent/guardian approval of curricula and teaching methods 4. developing a school policy that enables parents to review curricula and withdraw children if needed 5. implementing a school policy that provides for the handling of concern by parents/guardians 6. making sure qualified and interested teachers teach health

What were the 5 core services of CMHCs?

1. inpatient care 2. outpatient services 3. 24 hour a day emergency care 4. day treatment or other partial hospitalization services 5. consultation and education

What 5 things does a curriculum provide?

1. learning objectives 2. standards 3. learning experiences leading to the adoption and maintenance of specific health-enhancing behaviors 4. possible instructional resources 5. methods for assessment to determine the extent to which the objectives and standards are met

What are 5 ways to develop a health education curricula?

1. obtain a prepackaged curriculum that's been developed by nationally recognized specialists (free/not free) 2. use approved curriculum of either the state departments of health or education 3. adopt a new health textbook series and consider the series as a district's curricular guide 4. district can develop their own curriculum 5. curricula developed by health agencies and associations

What are the 4 treatment goals for mental disorders?

1. reduce symptoms 2. improve personal and social functioning 3. develop and strengthen coping skills 4. promote behaviors that make a person's life better

What are the 3 foundations of any school health program?

1. school administration that supports such an effort 2. well-organized school health advisory council 3. written school health policies

What 3 types of services are recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics?

1. state mandated services (health screenings, verification of immunization status, and infectious disease reporting) 2. assessment of minor health complaints, medication administration, and care for students with special needs 3. management of emergencies

What are the 3 purposes of NIMH?

1. to foster and aid research related to the cause, diagnosis, and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders 2. to provide training and award fellowships and grants for work in mental health 3. aid the states in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders

__ of the entire US population attends or works in schools

1/5

What is an example of an organization for policy development resources?

Action for Healthy Kids (AFHK)

What is one of the best known and most successful models of psychiatric rehabilitation?

Assertive Community Treatment (ACT)

What is mental illness?

a collective term for all diagnosable mental disorders

What is legal leverage?

a court-ordered mandate to force a patient to accept treatment, which may involve service providers taking control over the patient's disability income and/or suspending the patient's eligibility for subsidized housing

What is a chemical straightjacket?

a drug that subdues a mental patient's behavior

What is a community mental health center (CMHC)?

a fully staffed center originally funded by the federal government that provides comprehensive mental health services to local populations

What is a school health advisory council (school wellness council) ?

a group composed of school, health, and community representatives who work together to provide advice on aspects of the school health program

What was the Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers (CMHC) Act?

a law that made the federal government responsible for assisting the funding of mental health facilities and services

What is the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI)?

a national self-help group that supports the belief that major mental disorders are brain diseases that are of genetic origin and biological in nature are diagnosable and treatable with medications

What is drug use?

a non-evaluative term referring to drug-taking behavior in general; any drug-taking behavior

What is physical dependence?

a physiological state in which discontinued drug use results in clinical illness

What is a drug?

a substance other than food that when taken in small quantities alters one's physical, mental, or emotional state

What is a school health coordinator?

a trained professional at the state, district, or school level who is responsible for managing, coordinating, planning, implementing, and evaluating school health policies, programs, and resources

What is psychotherapy (psychosocial therapy) ?

a treatment that involves verbal communication between the patient and a trained clinician -examines current problems as they relate to earlier experiences

What is a curriculum?

a written plan for instruction

More deaths, illnesses, and disabilities can be attributed to the abuse of __, __, and other drugs than to any other preventable health condition.

alcohol; tobacco

What is tertiary prevention for mental illness?

ameliorate symptoms of illness and prevent further problems for the individual and community

What is major depression?

an affective disorder characterized by a dysphoric mood, usually depression, or loss of interest or pleasure in almost all usual activities or pasttimes

What is bipolar disorder?

an affective disorder characterized by distinct periods of elevated mood alternating with periods of depression

What is the fight or flight reaction?

an alarm reaction that prepares one physiologically for sudden action

What are self-help groups?

groups of concerned members of the community who are united by a shared interest, concern, or deficit not shared by other members of the community (ex: Alcoholics Anonymous) -the shared characteristic is usually stigmatized

About __ of homeless people have substance use disorders, major depression, and other mental illnesses

half ****(Dr. Hein says 1/3)

What are mental disorders?

health conditions characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, or behavior (or some combination thereof) associated with distress and/or impaired functioning

What are school health services?

health services provided by school health workers to appraise, protect, and promote the health of students

What is the primary role of school health advisory councils?

help students reach and maintain high-quality health

What is psychiatric rehabilitation?

intensive, individualized services encompassing treatment, rehabilitation, and support delivered by a team of providers over an indefinite period to individuals with severe mental disorders to help them maintain stable lives in the community

What do successful interventions for homelessness require?

provision of housing that these individuals choose and actually want to live in -less fragmented services

What is primary prevention for mental illness?

reduce incidence rate of mental illness and related problems -ex: high-quality early education for economically disadvantaged preschoolers

What is secondary prevention for mental illness?

reduce prevalence by shortening the duration of episodes through prompt intervention -ex: juvenile delinquency diversion programs

What is the Affordable Care Act (ACA)?

requires individuals whose income is less than 133% FPL to be eligible for Medicaid, with all plans covering mental and substance abuse disorders at parity with medical-surgical benefits -emphasis on integrated HC

What are examples of school health services?

screenings, emergency care, management of chronic diseases, prevention and control of communicable disease, provisions for students with special needs, health counseling, and remediation of detected health problems

What is cultural competence?

service provider's degree of compatibility with the specific culture of the population served, for example, proficiency in language(s) other than English, familiarity with cultural idioms of distress or body language, folk beliefs, and expectations regarding treatment procedures (such as medication or psychotherapy) and likely outcomes

What was deinstitutionalization?

the process of discharging, on a large scale, patients from state mental hospitals to less restrictive community settings

What is a healthy school environment?

the promotion, maintenance, and utilization of safe and wholesome surroundings in a school -physical and aesthetic surroundings and the psychosocial climate and culture of the school

What are the National Health Education Standards purpose?

to delineate the essential knowledge and skills that every student should know and be able to do following the completion of quality school health education -8 standards pg. 175

What is transinstitutionalization?

transferring patients from one type of public institution to another, usually as a result of policy change -ex: nursing home

What is cognitive-behavioral therapy?

treatment based on learning new thought patterns and adaptive skills, with regular practice between therapy sessions -focuses on current thinking patterns that are distorted