Exam 2

Rickets is a. a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed and swollen bones b. bone inflammation that often results form bacterial infection c. a group of genetic disorders producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured; occurs because of insufficient collagen development d. a disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting from calcium depletion e. a disease in adults, especially women, characterized by a reduced amount of bone matrix.

a. a disease in children characterized by soft, bowed and swollen bones

Neurotransmitter is being released at a synapse. Which of the following occurs last? a. an action potential is produced in the postsynaptic membrane b. neurotransmitter flows rapidly across the synaptic cleft c. neurotransmitter binds with the receptor on the postsynaptic membrane d. synaptic vesicles release neurotransmitter by exocytosis calcium ions enter the presynaptic terminal

a. an action potential is produced in the postsynaptic membrane

The pelvic girdle and lower limb are part of the a. appendicular skeleton b. axial skeleton

a. appendicular skeleton

This type of the joint is multiaxial allowing a wide range of movement a. ball and socket b. hinge c. pivot d. saddle e. plane

a. ball and socket

Ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum are called __________ ribs. a. false b. floating c. vertebrosternal d. vertebrochondral e. vertebral

a. false

The joint between the teeth and the mandibular alveolus is an example of a. gomphosis b. symphysis c. synostosis d. suture e. syndesmosis

a. gomphosis

Which of the following is associated with osteoclast reabsorption of bone? a. hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix b. blood calcium is decreased c. the protein components of bone matrix are synthesized d. Ca2+ is actively transported from blood to bone matrix e. osteoblasts form collagen and proteoglycans

a. hydrogen ions form an acid environment in bone matrix

A boy grew rapidly and reached a height of 6'2" by the time he was 13. He had normal body proportions and sexual development was only slightly retarded. which of the following caused his conditions? a. hypersecretion of growth hormone b. an adrenal tumor that secretes androgens c. hyper secretion of testosterone d. hypo secretion of growth hormone

a. hypersecretion of growth hormone

The common name for the patella is the a. kneecap b. shinbone c. breastbone d. zygomatic bone e. finger bones

a. kneecap

Thin sheets of bone matrix are a. lamellae b. periosteum c. lacunae d. canaliculi e. trabeculae

a. lamellae

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is a. scoliosis b. kyphosis c. spina bifida d. herniated disk e. lordosis

a. scoliosis

A tennis plater goes to the doctor and is told he has a torn rotator cuff. He has injured his a. shoulder b. hip c. knee d. neck e. elbow

a. shoulder

Some marrow of long bones is termed "yellow" marrow under normal conditions. The function of yellow marrow is to a. store adipose tissue b. store bone-forming cells c. manufacture blood cells d. make vitamin D e. manufacture tissue cells for the skin

a. store adipose tissue

The sagittal suture is between the a. two parietal bones b alveolar process and tooth c. atlas and axis d. sacrum and coxa e. two pubic bones

a. two parietal bones

In which of the following situations does a resting membrane potential exist? a. a conducting neuron b. a relaxed muscle fiber c. a contracting cardiac muscle cell d. the eye seeing an image e. a stimulated sensory receptor in the skin

b. a relaxed muscle fiber

Arthritis is a. a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks b. an inflammation of any joint c. a metabolic disorder caused by increased uric acid in blood d. a condition that may involve an autoimmune disease e. the most common type of arthritis

b. an inflammation of any joint

Haversian systems or osteons a. do not contain osteocytes b. are the basic units in compact bone tissue c. are avascular d. are found in spongy bone tissue e. lack concentric lamellae

b. are the basic units in compact bone tissue

The spaces between developing skull bones that have not ossified are called a. articular cartilages b. fontanels c. bone collars d. epiphyseal plates e. medullary cavities

b. fontanels

The electrical properties of cells are the result of a. receptor sites that are present on the plasma membrane b. ion concentration differences across the plasma membrane c. phospholipids in the cell membrane d. phosphorylation reactions within the cytoplasm e. none of these choice are correct

b. ion concentration differences across the plasma membrane

Hyaluronic acid a. contributes to the rigidity of a joint b. is responsible for the lubricating properties of synovial fluid c. makes up most of the matrix of hyaline cartilage d. is found in the synovial membrane e. makes surfaces rough

b. is responsible for the lubricating properties of synovial fluid

In appositional growth of cartilage a. the cartilage is replaced with another kind of connective tissue b. new chondrocytes and new matrix are added on the outside of the tissue c. chondroblasts within the tissue proliferate and add more matrix from the inside d. osteoblasts replace the chondroblasts e. the tissue becomes vascularized in order to grow

b. new chondrocytes and new matrix are added on the outside of the tissue

Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton? a. clavicle b. rib c. scapula d. radius

b. rib

During depolarization of the plasma membrane, a. potassium ions move rapidly out of the cell b. sodium ions move rapidly into the cell c. sodium ions move rapidly out of the cell d. membrane permeability to sodium ions decreases e. the outside of the cell becomes positively charged relative to the inside

b. sodium ions move rapidly into the cell

Which of the following joints is most movable? a. synchondrosis b. synovial c. symphysis d. suture e. syndesmosis

b. synovial

The figure illustrates a medial view of bones of the right foot. What does "C" represent? a. calcaneus b. talus c. fibula d. metatarsals e. tibia

b. talus

Sully is involved in a car accident in which he is rear-ended. The traumatic hyperextension of his head caused a. a fracture b. whiplash c. a herniated disc d. scoliosis e. spina bifida

b. whiplash

The primary mineral in bone is a. iron b. potassium c. calcium d. oxygen e. sodium

c. calcium

Cartilaginous joints unite two bones by means of a. capsules b. synovial membranes c. cartilage d. collagen fibers

c. cartilage

What is the site of long bone growth? a. diaphysis b. endosteum c. epiphyseal plate d. medullary cavity e. periosteum

c. epiphyseal plate

Which of the following is not a cartilaginous joint? a. epiphyseal plates b. intervertebral disks c. fontanelles d. manubriosternal joint e. sternocostal joint

c. fontanelles

The cubital or elbow joint is an example of a _____________ joint a. plane b. saddle c. hinge d. pivot e. ball and socket

c. hinge

The outside of the resting plasma membrane is ______________ relative to the inside of the resting plasma membrane a. electrically neutral b. recharged c. positively charged d. negatively charged e. none of these choices are correct

c. positively charged

Which of the following is true during the resting membrane potential? a. a greater concentration of calcium ions is found inside the cell b. negatively charged proteins are more concentrated outside the cell c. potassium is concentrated primarily inside the cell d. sodium ion concentration is greater inside cells e. none of these choices reflect what occurs during the resting membrane potential

c. potassium is concentrated primarily inside the cell

Depolarization of the cell membrane occurs when there is a rapid influx (inflow) of a. calcium ions b. chloride ions c. sodium ions d. amino acids e. potassium ions

c. sodium ions

Cartilaginous joints a. allow the most movement between bones b. are common in the skull c. unite two bones by means of fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage d. are found in the lower leg e. are not found in the pelvic region

c. unite two bones by means of fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage

The speed of an action potential depends on a. the diameter of the axon b. thickness of the myelin sheath c. whether an axon is myelinated or not myelinated d. all of the choices are correct

d. all of the choices are correct

Which of the following events is not a characteristic of an action potential? a. in depolarization, potassium ions flow out of the cell b. action potentials occur according to the all-or-none principle c. the plasma membrane becomes highly permeable to sodium ions and depolarization results d. as sodium ions enter, the inside of the plasma membrane becomes more negative e. at the peak of depolarization, sodium channels begin to close and potassium channels open

d. as sodium ions enter, the inside of the plasma membrane becomes more negative

Joints joined together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage would be classified as _________ joints a. synovial b. diarthrotic c. fibrous d. cartilaginous

d. cartilaginous

The most common bone disease is osteoporosis. The most common consequence of this disease is a. luxations and subluxations b. fusion of bones c. remodeling of bone d. fractures e. bone thickening

d. fractures

A change in resting membrane potential confined to a small area is called an a. resting membrane potential b. summated potential c. action potential d. local potential e. after potential

d. local potential

Which of the following is not a component of the skeletal system a. bones b cartilage c. ligaments d. muscles

d. muscles

Continuous conduction of an action potential means that a. an action potential is conducted from one node of Ranvier to the next node b. once one action potential is created, it moves down the axon c. the whole axon depolarizes at the same time d. one action potential stimulates the production of a new action potential at the adjacent site

d. one action potential stimulates the production of a new action potential at the adjacent site

Important functions of the skeletal system include a. integration of other systems b. regulation of acid-base balance c. storage of water d. protection of the brain and soft organs e. production of vitamin E

d. protection of the brain and soft organs

The function of a bursa is to a. increase the articulating surface at a joint b. provide support for a weak joint c. bind ligaments to bones d. provide a fluid-filled cushion that reduces friction e. produce fluid

d. provide a fluid-filled cushion that reduces friction

Joints are classified according to the a. type of fluid in the joint b. size of the joint c. shape of the joint d. structure of the joint e. bones that are united at the joint

d. structure of the joint

Channels that open or close in response to changes in the electrical charge or voltage across the plasma membrane are called a. relegated ion channels b. ligand-gated ion channels c. obligated ion channels d. voltage-gated ion channels e. leak ion channels

d. voltage-gated ion channels

Which of the following does not influence the range of motion of a joint? a. the amount of fluid in and around the joint b. the amount and shape of cartilage . the strength and location of tendons and ligaments d. the shape of the articular surfaces of the bones e. all of these influence range of motion

e. all of these influence range of motion

Synovial joints are different form both fibrous and cartilaginous joints because synovial joints a. are not freely moveable b. are only temporary; they are replaced in the adult c. generally have both bones in the joint fused together d. use fibrous connective tissue to hold the bones the joint together e. are enclosed by a joint capsule

e. are enclosed by a joint capsule

A biaxial joint has movement a. that always rotates b. as long as there is articular cartilage present c. around one axis d. about several axes e. around two axes at right angles to one another

e. around two axes at right angles to one another

In a farm accident, a man has his arm severed midway between his wrist and his elbow. Which of the following bones was severed? a. ulna b. radius c. humerus d. clavicle e. both the radius and the ulna

e. both the radius and the ulna

Chondroblasts produce a. blood cells b. synovial fluid c. ligaments d. bone tissue e. cartilage matrix

e. cartilage matrix

The _____________ region of the vertebral column is located in the neck a. lumbar b. sacral c. thoracic d. coccygeal e. cervical

e. cervical

The absolute refractory period assures a. prolonged depolarization during the action potential b. reversal of the direct of propagation of the action potential c. that no after-potential occurs d. that the stimulus is strong enough to elicit a response e. completion of repolarization before another action potential

e. completion of repolarization before another action potential

Gap junctions are functional ______________ synapses a. intracellular b. potential c. chemical d. neuromuscular e. electrical

e. electrical

Acetylcholine is release from the presynaptic terminal by the process of a. active transport b. endocytosis c. phagocytosis d. diffusion e. exocytosis

e. exocytosis

The large bone in the thigh is the a. coxal bone b. tibia c. fibula d. ischium e. femur

e. femur

A coroner determines the cause of death to be strangulation because this delicate bone is fractured. Which bone is it? a. clavicle b. vomer c. C2 d. sphenoid e. hyoid

e. hyoid

The thick fibrocartilage disks found in the knee joint are called a. ligaments b. intraknee disks c. tendon sheaths d. bursae e. menisci

e. menisci

Which of the following cell types is responsible for breaking down bone matrix? a. fibroblast b. chondroclast c. osteocyte d. chondroblast e. osteoclast

e. osteoclast

The coccyx is a. absent in humans b. located in the upper lumbar region c. the bottom of the spinal cord d. also called the coxa e. the most inferior portion of the vertebral column

e. the most inferior portion of the vertebral column