EXAM 2 A&P LAB
If a normal person has a blood pressure reading of 120/80 mm Hg, by comparison a person with arteriosclerosis might have a reading of A. 150/60 mm Hg. B. 120/60 mm Hg. C. 100/80 mm Hg. D. 120/100 mm Hg. E. 80/120 mm Hg.
A. 150/60 mm Hg.
Melinda suffers from stenosis of the aortic semilunar valve. This will increase the rigidity of the valve making it hard to open. This increases the ________________ therefore ________________ the cardiac output. A. afterload; decreasing B. afterload; increasing C. preload; decreasing D. preload; increasing E. venous return; decreasing
A. AFTERLOAD, Decreasing
Given these structures: 1) AV node 2) atrioventricular bundle 3) bundle branches 4) Purkinje fibers Arrange these parts of the conduction system of the heart in the correct order, as an action potential would pass through them. A. AV node -> atrioventricular bundle -> bundle branches -> Purkinje fibers B. AV node -> bundle branches -> atrioventricular bundle -> Purkinje fibers C. AV node -> Purkinje fibers -> atrioventricular bundle -> bundle branches D. atrioventricular bundle -> AV node -> bundle branches -> Purkinje fibers E. bundle branches -> AV node -> atrioventricular bundle -> Purkinje fibers
A. AV node -> atrioventricular bundle -> bundle branches -> Purkinje fibers
Depolarization of the atria is shown as the ______________ on an EKG. A. P wave B. P-Q (or P-R) interval C. QRS complex D. Q-T interval E. T wave
A. P wave
Which of the following occur as stroke volume increases? A. Systolic pressure increases more than diastolic pressure. B. Pulse pressure decreases. C. Cardiac output decreases. D. Resistance to blood flow increases. E. The amount of blood sent to systemic circulation decreases.
A. Systolic pressure increases more than diastolic pressure.
The portion of the aorta that gives rise to the coronary arteries is the A. ascending aorta. B. aortic arch. C. thoracic aorta. D. abdominal aorta.
A. ascending aorta.
Deposition of material in the walls of arteries to form plaques is called A. atherosclerosis. B. varicose veins. C. thrombosis. D. pulmonary blockage. E. phlebitis.
A. atherosclerosis.
In which of these blood vessels are blood pressure measurements most commonly taken? A. brachial vein B. basilic vein C. cephalic vein D. median cubital vein
A. brachial vein
* Coronary arteries may become blocked A. by a thrombus, producing a coronary thrombosis. B. and cause the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. C. as the direct result of angina pectoris. D. as the direct result of an infarct (area of tissue death) in the heart. E. All of these can block coronary arteries.
A. by a THROMBUS, producing a coronary thrombosis
When the concentration of carbon dioxide decreases in the tissue, the precapillary sphincters __________ causing blood flow to the tissue to _________. A. contract; decrease B. contract; increase C. relax; decrease D. relax; increase E. close; remain the same
A. contract; decrease
When the pH of the tissue increases, the precapillary sphincters __________ causing blood flow to the tissue to _________. A. contract; decrease B. contract; increase C. relax; decrease D. relax; increase E. close; remain the same
A. contract; decrease
Your coach says that you really need more strength and endurance in your quads so you head to the gym to work that group of muscles. Which of the following blood vessels is most likely supplying that muscle group with oxygenated blood? A. femoral artery B. femoral vein C. saphenous veins D. dorsalis pedis artery E. fibular or peroneal artery
A. femoral artery
When cells become active in a certain area of the body, the blood flow to the capillaries in that area must _____ to provide more ____. A. increase, O2 B. decrease, O2 C. increase, CO2 D. decrease, sodium E. decrease, ATP
A. increase, O2
The lower colon receives its blood from the A. inferior mesenteric arteries. B. renal arteries. C. suprarenal arteries. D. superior mesenteric artery. E. celiac trunk.
A. inferior mesenteric arteries.
The artery that supplies the urinary bladder, rectum, uterus, and vagina is the A. internal iliac artery. B. external iliac artery. C. median sacral artery. D. inferior phrenic artery. E. lumbar artery.
A. internal iliac artery.
The right atrium A. is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart. B. prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium. C. prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium. D. prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle. E. prevents blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle.
A. is the location of the PACEMAKER cells of a normal heart
The arteries with walls that are mostly smooth muscle are A. medium-sized (distributing) arteries. B. elastic arteries. C. arterioles. D. capillaries.
A. medium-sized (distributing) arteries.
** Local control of blood flow A. occurs because of contraction or relaxation of precapillary sphincters. B. causes precapillary sphincters to contract when carbon dioxide levels decrease in tissue spaces. C. causes an increase in blood flow when oxygen levels increase in tissue spaces. D. Occurs because of contraction or relaxation of precapillary sphincters and causes an increase in blood flow when oxygen levels increase in tissue spaces are both true statements. E. All of these are true statements.
A. occurs because of contraction or relaxation of precapillary sphincters.
The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1) right atrium 2) left atrium 3) right ventricle 4) left ventricle 5) superior & inferior vena cava 6) aorta 7) pulmonary artery 8) pulmonary vein 9) mitrial/bicuspid valve 10) tricuspid valve 11) pulmonary semilunar valve 12) aorta semilunar valve What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering the heart from the LUNGS leaving for SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION (i.e. the body)? A. pulmonary vein -> left atrium -> mitrial/bicuspid valve -> left ventricle -> aorta semilunar valve -> aorta B. pulmonary vein -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> pulmonary artery C. superior/ inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> pulmonary artery D. pulmonary artery -> left atrium -> mitral/ bicuspid valve -> left ventricle -> aorta semilunar valve -> aorta E. aorta -> aorta semilunar valve -> right atrium -> left atrium -> tricuspid valve -> left ventricle
A. pulmonary vein -> left atrium -> mitrial/bicuspid valve -> left ventricle -> aorta semilunar valve -> aorta
Like skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle: A. relies on calcium and ATP to contract B. is controlled by the stimulation of motor units C. uses temporal summation to increase contractile force D. has both fast twitch and slow twitch muscle fiber types E. is multinucleate
A. relies on calcium and ATP to contract
The ____________ is (are) responsible for transporting blood to the upper limbs. A. subclavian arteries B. common carotid arteries C. external carotid arteries D. internal carotid arteries E. cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)
A. subclavian arteries
The ________ veins drain the adrenal glands. A. suprarenal B. renal C. testicular D. ovarian E. mesenteric
A. suprarenal
Which of the following is most likely to be an elastic artery? A. the ascending aorta B. the coronary arteries C. the right internal thoracic artery D. the parietal arteries E. None of the items are classified as an elastic artery.
A. the ascending aorta
Papillary muscles are attached to the cusps of valves by thin, strong connective tissue strings called A. the chordae tendineae. B. the interventricular septa. C. the auricles. D. the interventricular sulcus. E. the coronary sinus.
A. the chordae tendineae.
As a result of the long refractory period generated by __________, cardiac muscle can not exhibit __________. A. the influx of calcium ions, tetanus (tetanic contractions) B. the out flow of K+, tetanus (tetanic contractions) C. the influx of Na+, tetanus (tetanic contractions) D. the influx of Ca++, recruitment E. the out flow of K+, recruitment
A. the influx of calcium ions, tetanus (tetanic contractions)
Concerning blood vessel walls, A. the tunica adventitia is composed of connective tissue. B. the tunica intima is smooth muscle. C. the tunica media is an endothelial layer. D. the walls of arteries are thinner and contain less elastic tissue than veins. E. capillaries have the thickest walls of all the blood vessels.
A. the tunica adventitia is composed of connective tissue.
Which of these valves is found between the right atrium and the right ventricle? A. tricuspid valve B. bicuspid (mitral) valve C. aortic semilunar valve D. pulmonary semilunar valve E. interventricular septum
A. tricuspid valve
In most vessels, epinephrine and norepinephrine cause ______ but in skeletal and cardiac muscle, these hormones cause ____________. A. vasoconstriction; vasodilatation B. vasodilatation; vasoconstriction C. increases to blood flow; decreases to blood flow D. increases in oxygen concentration; decreases in oxygen concentration E. both vasodilatation; vasoconstriction and increases to blood flow; decreases to blood flow
A. vasoconstriction; vasodilatation
** Which of these have no smooth muscle in their walls? A. venules B. small veins C. medium-sized veins D. large veins E. All of these contain at least some smooth muscle in their walls.
A. venules
The contraction of the atria and beginning relaxation of the atria is shown as the ________ on an EKG. A. P wave B. P-Q (or P-R) interval C. QRS complex D. Q-T interval E. T wave
B. P-Q (or P-R) interval
As you work your quads, you notice that the tissue in that part of the leg is pinker (flush with increased blood flow). What has caused this increase in blood flow to the quads? A. an increase in the oxygen concentration in the tissue. B. an increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the tissue. C. the constriction of precapillary sphincters in the capillary beds of the muscle. D. the overall decrease in the temperature of the muscle tissue as the muscles contract. E. a rise in the pH of the blood and interstitial fluid of the muscle.
B. an increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the tissue.
The part of the aorta that gives rise to the left common carotid artery is the A. ascending aorta. B. aortic arch. C. thoracic aorta. D. abdominal aorta.
B. aortic arch.
Capillaries A. have a lot of smooth muscle in their walls. B. are a location of gas and nutrient exchange. C. are more numerous in such tissues as bone and dense connective tissue. D. experience very high internal pressures. E. have all of these properties.
B. are a location of gas and nutrient exchange.
Which of these arteries might a red blood cell encounter if it started in the left ventricle and went to the brain? A. radial artery B. brachiocephalic artery C. external carotid artery D. axillary artery E. Both radial artery and brachiocephalic artery would be encountered.
B. brachiocephalic artery
Arteries A. carry only oxygenated blood. B. carry blood away from the heart. C. have valves. D. serve as a blood reservoir. E. All of these are true of arteries.
B. carry blood away from the heart.
The vessels that supply blood to most of the brain tissue are branches off of the _____ at the base of the brain. A. vertebral arteries B. cerebral arterial circle C. axillary arteries D. external carotid arteries E. subclavian arteries
B. cerebral arterial circle
The blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart tissue itself are the . . . A. pulmonary veins. B. coronary arteries. C. coronary sinuses. D. pulmonary trunks. E. venae cavae.
B. coronary arteries
Which of these statements concerning the normal pathway of blood flow is NOT correct? A. from the pulmonary arteries to the lungs B. from the pulmonary veins to the right atrium C. from the aorta to all parts of body except lungs D. from the coronary sinus to the right atrium E. Neither from the pulmonary veins to the right atrium nor from the coronary sinus to the right atrium are correct.
B. from the pulmonary VEINS to the right ATRIUM
* The atria of the heart A. are separated from each other by the interventricular septum. B. function primarily as reservoirs for blood collection. C. function primarily as the pumps of the heart. D. receive blood from the aorta and pulmonary trunk. E. have all of these characteristics.
B. function primarily as reservoirs for BLOOD COLLECTION
A patient, Aldo S. Terone, was found to have severe arteriosclerosis of his renal arteries, which reduces renal blood flow. Which of these would be consistent with that condition? A. hypotension (low blood pressure) B. hypertension (high blood pressure) C. decreased vasomotor tone D. exaggerated sympathetic stimulation of the heart E. Both hypotension (low blood pressure) and decreased vasomotor tone would be expected consequences of his condition.
B. hypertension (high blood pressure)
Blood from the descending colon and rectum is carried to the hepatic portal vein by the A. superior mesenteric vein. B. inferior mesenteric vein. C. splenic vein. D. gastric vein. E. cystic vein.
B. inferior mesenteric vein.
The thick middle layer of the heart, composed of cardiac muscle, is the A. endocardium. B. myocardium. C. epicardium. D. chordae tendineae.
B. myocardium.
Blood flow through capillaries is regulated by A. one-way valves in the veins. B. precapillary sphincters. C. skeletal muscle contraction. D. elastic valves. E. the tunica intima.
B. precapillary sphincters.
The tricuspid valve A. is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart. B. prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium. C. prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium. D. prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle. E. prevents blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle.
B. prevents blood flow from the RIGHT VENTRICLE to the RIGHT ATRIUM
The ________ veins drain the kidneys. A. suprarenal B. renal C. testicular D. ovarian E. mesenteric
B. renal
The kidneys receive their blood from the A. inferior mesenteric arteries. B. renal arteries. C. suprarenal arteries. D. superior mesenteric artery. E. celiac trunk.
B. renal arteries.
The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1) right atrium 2) left atrium 3) right ventricle 4) left ventricle 5) superior & inferior vena cava 6) aorta 7) pulmonary artery 8) pulmonary vein 9) mitrial/bicuspid valve 10) tricuspid valve 11) pulmonary semilunar valve 12) aorta semilunar valve What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering the heart from the BODY and leaving for PULMONARY CIRCULATION? A. Pulmonary vein -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> pulmonary artery B. superior & inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> pulmonary artery C. superior & inferior vena cava -> left atrium -> mitral (bicuspid valve) -> left ventricle -> aorta semilunar valve -> aorta D. aorta -> aorta semilunar valve -> right atrium -> left atrium -> tricuspid valve -> left ventricle E. pulmonary vein -> left atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonary artery -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> aorta
B. superior & inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary semilunar valve -> pulmonary artery
** Which of these is NOT an unpaired visceral branch of the abdominal aorta? A. celiac artery B. superior phrenic artery C. superior mesenteric artery D. inferior mesenteric artery E. All of these ARE unpaired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta.
B. superior phrenic artery
concerning the form and location of the heart which one is correct? A. The apex is the most superior part of the heart. B. The apex is directed to the left and deep to the 5th intercostal space. C. The base of the heart is directed inferior and slightly posterior. D. The most superior part of the heart is deep to the 12th intercostal space. E. Both the apex is the most superior part of the heart and the base of the heart is directed inferior and slightly posterior are correct.
B. the apex is directed to the LEFT and DEEP to the 5th intercostal space
* If a valve is classified as stenosed: A. a swishing sound occurs immediately after it closes. B. the opening is narrowed C. the valve does not close completely D. blood is leaking through the closed valve. E. All of the items are true of a stenosed valve.
B. the opening is narrowed
The right side of the heart forces blood to flow A. to the body. B. to the lungs. C. through the systemic circulation. D. both to the body and through the systemic circulation. E. both to the lungs and through the systemic circulation.
B. to the lungs.
The arteries found in the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae are the A. common carotid arteries. B. vertebral arteries. C. internal carotid arteries. D. external carotid arteries. E. subclavian arteries.
B. vertebral arteries.
Depolarization of the ventricles is shown as the _________________ on an EKG. A. P wave B. P-Q (or P-R) interval C. QRS complex D. Q-T interval E. T wave
C. QRS complex
Which of the following blood vessels have highest resistance to blood flow? A. elastic arteries and muscular arteries B. muscular arteries and large veins C. arterioles and capillaries D. large veins and venules E. elastic arteries, muscular arteries and large veins
C. arterioles and capillaries
Regulation of peripheral resistance occurs most often in the A. large arteries. B. medium-sized arteries. C. arterioles. D. capillaries. E. veins
C. arterioles.
The most rapid decline in blood pressure occurs in the ___________ because of their ____ resistance. A. large arteries; high B. medium-sized arteries; low C. arterioles; high D. elastic arteries; low E. veins; high
C. arterioles; high
The right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery branch from the A. aorta. B. left common carotid artery. C. brachiocephalic artery. D. basilar artery. E. vertebral artery.
C. brachiocephalic artery.
The layer of the heart wall that is the visceral pericardium is also called the A. endocardium. B. myocardium. C. epicardium. D. chordae tendineae. E. mediastinum.
C. epicardium.
The _____________ supply (supplies) blood to the face, nose, and mouth. A. subclavian arteries B. common carotid arteries C. external carotid arteries D. internal carotid arteries E. cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)
C. external carotid arteries
All of the following ARE functions of the heart EXCEPT: A. generation of bp B. ensures one way flow of blood C. generation of the formed elements of the blood D. regulates rate / force of blood delivery E. distributes oxygenated blood to tissues
C. generation of the formed elements of the blood
The _____ begins with capillaries in the viscera and ends with capillaries in the liver. A. superior mesenteric vein B. inferior mesenteric vein C. hepatic portal system D. hepatic vein E. gastric vein
C. hepatic portal system
Action potentials in contractile cardiac muscle cells A. are much faster than action potentials in skeletal muscle. B. have no plateau phase. C. involve voltage-gated calcium ion channels. D. have sodium ion channels that open and cause repolarization. E. have all of these characteristics.
C. involve voltage-gated calcium ion channels.
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, causes edema in the tissues because A. it raises the capillary osmotic pressure, thereby forcing water back into the capillaries at a higher rate then normal. B. it raises the capillary osmotic pressure, thereby driving water out of the capillaries and into the interstitial spaces at a higher rate than normal. C. it raises the capillary blood pressure, thereby driving water out of the capillaries and into the interstitial spaces at a higher rate than normal. D. it lowers the capillary blood pressure, thereby decreasing the amount of water accumulating in the tissues.
C. it raises the capillary blood pressure, thereby driving water out of the capillaries and into the interstitial spaces at a higher rate than normal.
Inflammation of the veins is known as A. varicose veins. B. thrombosis. C. phlebitis. D. necrosis. E. an embolus.
C. phlebitis.
Which of these arteries branches to form the anterior tibial and posterior tibial arteries? A. external iliac artery B. internal iliac artery C. popliteal artery D. femoral artery E. common iliac artery
C. popliteal artery
The bicuspid (mitral) valve A. is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart. B. prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium. C. prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium. D. prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle. E. prevents blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle.
C. prevents blood flow from the LEFT VENTRICLE to the LEFT ATRIUM
Which of these is NOT one of the large veins carrying blood to the heart? A. superior vena cava B. inferior vena cava C. pulmonary trunk D. pulmonary vein E. coronary sinus
C. pulmonary trunk
The adrenal glands receive their blood from the A. inferior mesenteric arteries. B. renal arteries. C. suprarenal arteries. D. superior mesenteric artery. E. celiac trunk.
C. suprarenal arteries.
The ________ veins drain the testes in males. A. suprarenal B. renal C. testicular D. ovarian E. mesenteric
C. testicular
The serous pericardium just internal to the fibrous pericardium is called A. the visceral pericardium. B. the epicardium. C. the parietal pericardium. D. the parietal pleura. E. Either the visceral pericardium or the epicardium is equally correct for this structure.
C. the parietal pericardium
The part of the descending aorta that extends from the thorax to the diaphragm is the A. ascending aorta. B. aortic arch. C. thoracic aorta. D. abdominal aorta.
C. thoracic aorta.
Given these vessels: 1) arterioles 2) capillaries 3) elastic arteries 4) muscular arteries Arrange the vessels in the correct sequence that blood would pass through when traveling from the heart to body tissues. A. 1, 2, 3, 4 B. 1, 3, 2, 4 C. 2, 1, 3, 4 D. 3, 4, 1, 2 E. 4, 3, 1, 2
D. 3, 4, 1, 2
Trace a red blood cell from the brachiocephalic artery to the thumb side of the hand. Although all of the arteries listed are included in the upper limb, not all will be used. 1) axillary artery 2) brachial artery 3) radial artery 4) subclavian artery 5) ulnar artery A. 1, 2, 3, 4 B. 1, 2, 4, 3 C. 3, 1, 2, 5 D. 4, 1, 2, 3 E. 4, 1, 2, 5
D. 4, 1, 2, 3
All of ventricular cells depolarizing and then repolarizing are shown as the ___________ on an EKG. A. P wave B. P-Q (or P-R) interval C. QRS complex D. Q-T interval E. T wave
D. Q-T interval
The body has several ways to keep blood moving forward through the veins. Which of the following does NOT explain how this happens? A. The pressure in the veins is lower than the pressure in the arteries (i.e. blood flows down its pressure gradient). B. Valves in the veins prevent back flow. C. The aid of respiratory pump (changes in pressure in thoracic cavity during inhalation and exhalation). D. The pumping of the venous endothelial contraction nodules (which act like a series of miniature hearts). E. The aid of contractions of skeletal muscles.
D. The pumping of the venous endothelial contraction nodules (which act like a series of miniature hearts).
The ______________ is the part of the descending aorta that extends from the diaphragm to the common iliac arteries. A. ascending aorta B. aortic arch C. thoracic aorta D. abdominal aorta
D. abdominal aorta
The _______________ is the longest portion of the aorta. A. ascending aorta B. aortic arch C. thoracic aorta D. abdominal aorta
D. abdominal aorta
The first vessel to branch from the aortic arch is the A. right subclavian artery. B. right common carotid artery. C. left subclavian artery. D. brachiocephalic artery. E. left common carotid artery.
D. brachiocephalic artery.
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of cardiac muscle? A. rich in mitochondria B. striated C. has special cell-to-cell contacts called intercalated disks D. can develop a significant oxygen debt E. elongated, branching cells usually with one nucleus
D. can develop a significant oxygen debt
A large groove that runs around the heart, and separates the atria from the ventricles is the A. anterior interventricular septum. B. posterior interventricular septum. C. coronary sinus. D. coronary sulcus. E. cardiac fissure.
D. coronary sulcus
The specialized __________ in the intercalated disks allow cytoplasm to flow freely between adjacent cells. A. valves B. hemidesmosomes C. desmosomes D. gap junctions E. tight junctions
D. gap junctions
Which of these is a superficial vein of the lower limbs? A. anterior tibial vein B. femoral vein C. popliteal vein D. great saphenous vein E. internal iliac vein
D. great saphenous vein
The artery that transports blood to the left upper limb is the A. aorta. B. brachiocephalic artery. C. left common carotid artery. D. left subclavian artery. E. left vertebral artery.
D. left subclavian artery.
The ________ veins drain the ovaries in females. A. suprarenal B. renal C. testicular D. ovarian E. mesenteric
D. ovarian
Papillary muscles: A. contract when the ventricles relax B. prevent the valves from closing during ventricular diastole C. are attached to the semi lunar valves via the chordae tendineae D. prevent the backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular systole E. prevent the backflow of blood into the ventricles from the aorta
D. prevent the backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular systole
The pulmonary semilunar valve A. is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart. B. prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium. C. prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium. D. prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle. E. prevents blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle.
D. prevents blood from the PULMONARY ARTERY to the RIGHT VENTRICLE
In a normal heart, when the right ventricle contracts, it forces blood through the A. tricuspid valve. B. bicuspid valve. C. aortic semilunar valve. D. pulmonary semilunar valve.
D. pulmonary semilunar valve
Functions of the peripheral circulation include all of the following EXCEPT: A. carries blood to the tissues B. exchanges waste products, and nutrients C. transports hormones and components of the immune system D. pumps blood into the arteries E. directs blood flow to areas of increased need
D. pumps blood into the arteries
When the by-products of metabolism build up in the tissue spaces, the precapillary sphincters _________ causing blood flow to the tissue to _________. A. contract; decrease B. contract; increase C. relax; decrease D. relax; increase E. close; remain the same
D. relax; increase
When the pH of the tissue decreases, the precapillary sphincters __________ causing blood flow to the tissue to _________. A. contract; decrease B. contract; increase C. relax; decrease D. relax; increase E. close; remain the same
D. relax; increase
The small intestine, pancreas and upper colon receive their blood from the A. inferior mesenteric arteries. B. renal arteries. C. suprarenal arteries. D. superior mesenteric artery. E. celiac trunk.
D. superior mesenteric artery.
Which of the following is most likely to be classified as a muscular artery? A. the ascending aorta B. the pulmonary trunk C. the aortic arch D. the superior mesenteric E. None of the items are classified as a muscular artery.
D. the superior mesenteric
Which of these statements about the coronary arteries is true? A. The left coronary artery supplies the anterior wall of the heart and most of the left ventricle. B. The right coronary artery supplies most of the right ventricle. C. Blood flow through the coronary arteries is greatest during ventricular diastole (relaxation). D. A heart attack occurs if a coronary artery is blocked. E. All of these are true.
E. ALL OF THESE ARE TRUE
Edema would develop if A. the capillary blood pressure was always higher than the capillary osmotic pressure. B. the lymphatic vessels were blocked. C. the osmotic concentration of the blood was a lot less than the osmotic concentration of the interstitial fluid. D. the capillary beds suddenly became more permeable to proteins such as albumen. E. All of the choices are correct.
E. All of the choices are correct.
Which of the following structures are able to spontaneous generate an action potential? A. the sinoatrial node (SA Node) B. the atrioventricular node (AV Node) C. the atrioventricular bundle D. the right and left bundle branches E. All of the items can spontaneously generate an action potential.
E. All of the items can spontaneously generate an action potential.
A portal system A. begins and ends with capillary beds. B. has no pumping mechanism between capillary beds. C. is a specialized network of blood vessels. D. is exemplified by the hepatic portal system and the pituitary-hypothalamic portal system. E. All of these are correct.
E. All of these are correct.
ntercalated disks in cardiac muscle A. are a type of gap junction. B. allow all of the muscle fibers in an area to contract at the same time. C. prevent the cells from pulling apart. D. reduce the electrical resistance between cells allowing APs to pass more easily from cell to cell. E. All of these are correct.
E. All of these are correct.
Which of the following is true of cardiac muscle? A. Cardiac muscle tissue has both an intracellular and extracellular source of Ca++. B. Cardiac muscle tissue has slow Ca++ voltage gates in the membrane that make cardiac muscle incapable of tetanus. C. In cardiac muscle tissue, excitation spreads from cell to cell via intercalated disks. D. Cardiac muscle tissue does not require nerve activity to stimulate a contraction. E. All of these are true of cardiac muscle.
E. All of these are true of cardiac muscle.
Regarding fluid movement through the capillaries, A. blood pressure moves fluid out of the capillaries. B. osmotic pressure moves fluid into the capillaries. C. blood usually has a greater osmotic pressure than interstitial fluid. D. nine tenths of the fluid that leaves the capillary reenters the capillary. E. All of these are true statements.
E. All of these are true statements.
Which of these arteries are able to actively dilate and constrict? A. elastic arteries B. medium-sized (distributing) arteries C. arterioles D. small arteries E. All of these except elastic arteries show active dilation and constriction.
E. All of these except elastic arteries show active dilation and constriction.
Which of these are factors that increase the likelihood of atherosclerosis? A. lack of exercise B. smoking C. obesity D. genetics E. All of these increase the likelihood of atherosclerosis.
E. All of these increase the likelihood of atherosclerosis.
In a normal electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), A. the P wave results from repolarization of the atria. B. the QRS complex results from depolarization of the ventricles. C. the T wave represents repolarization of the ventricles. D. during the P-R interval, the ventricles contract. E. Both the QRS complex results from depolarization of the ventricles and the T wave represents repolarization of the ventricles are correct relationships.
E. Both the QRS complex results from depolarization of the ventricles and the T wave represents repolarization of the ventricles are correct relationships.
Cardiac muscle cells A. twist when they contract B. shorten when they contract C. lengthen when they contract D. contract by motor units E. Both twist when they contract and shorten when they contract are correct.
E. Both twist when they contract and shorten when they contract are correct.
Which of these statements concerning the functional characteristics of the heart chambers is NOT correct? A. During ventricular diastole, blood collects in the right and left atria. B. At the very beginning of ventricular diastole, blood flows directly from the atria into the relaxed ventricles. C. 70% of ventricular filling occurs before the atria contract. D. During ventricular systole, the atrioventricular valves close. E. During ventricular diastole, the semilunar valves open.
E. During ventricular diastole, the semilunar valves open
The pericardium, or pericardial sac . . . A. is a double-layered, closed structure. B. anchors the heart in the mediastinum. C. has a tough fibrous connective tissue outer layer. D. has an inner layer of squamous epithelial cells. E. has all of these characteristics.
E. HAS ALL OF THESE CHARACTERISTICS
A blood pressure reading of 120/80, A. indicates a diastolic pressure of 120 mm Hg. B. demonstrates Korotkoff sounds at pressures above 120 mm Hg when taking blood pressure. C. indicates the diastolic pressure would be sufficient to lift a column of mercury 80 mm. D. would be considered normal for a resting young adult male. E. Indicates the diastolic pressure would be sufficient to lift a column of mercury 80 mm and would be considered normal for a resting young adult male are both true statements.
E. Indicates the diastolic pressure would be sufficient to lift a column of mercury 80 mm and would be considered normal for a resting young adult male are both true statements.
Repolarization of the ventricles is shown as the ___________ on an EKG. A. P wave B. P-Q (or P-R) interval C. QRS complex D. Q-T interval E. T wave
E. T wave
Valves A. are found in veins less than 2 mm in diameter. B. consist of folds in the tunica adventitia. C. are found more often in the leg veins than in the arm veins. D. allow blood to flow only toward the heart. E. are found both more often in the leg veins than in the arm veins and allow blood to flow only toward the heart.
E. are found both more often in the leg veins than in the arm veins and allow blood to flow only toward the heart.
As the impulse from the SA node spreads across the atria, it is prevented from stimulating the ventricles A. SA node. B. AV node. C. tricuspid and bicuspid valves. D. semilunar valves. E. by the fibrous cardiac skeleton.
E. by the fibrous cardiac skeleton.
The stomach, spleen, and liver receive their blood from the A. inferior mesenteric arteries. B. renal arteries. C. suprarenal arteries. D. superior mesenteric artery. E. celiac trunk.
E. celiac trunk.
The ______________ is (are) formed when the vertebral arteries unite at the base of the brain. A. subclavian arteries B. common carotid arteries C. external carotid arteries D. internal carotid arteries E. cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)
E. cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis)
The cardiac skeleton A. forms fibrous rings around the atrioventricular and semilunar valves. B. serves as electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles. C. provides a rigid source of attachment for cardiac muscle. D. provides solid support for the heart valves. E. has all of these characteristics.
E. has all of these characteristics.
The systemic vessels A. transport blood through all parts of the body from the left ventricle to the right atrium. B. supply oxygen and nutrients to all cells of the body. C. carry away carbon dioxide and waste from all cells of the body. D. are part of the peripheral circulation. E. have all of these properties.
E. have all of these properties.
Parietal arteries that branch from the thoracic (descending) aorta A. supply the thoracic organs. B. include the posterior intercostal arteries. C. include the anterior intercostal arteries. D. include the superior phrenic arteries. E. include both the posterior intercostal arteries and include the superior phrenic arteries.
E. include both the posterior intercostal arteries and include the superior phrenic arteries.
Which of these vessels would blood from the cranial vault NOT pass through as it returned to the heart? A. external jugular veins B. internal jugular veins C. subclavian veins D. brachiocephalic veins E. neither external jugular veins nor subclavian veins.
E. neither external jugular veins nor subclavian veins.
The aortic semilunar valve A. is the location of the pacemaker cells of a normal heart. B. prevents blood flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium. C. prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium. D. prevents blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle. E. prevents blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle.
E. prevents blood flow from AORTA to the Left VENTRICLE
