Exam 2 CH 4 - Study Set

At which level of moral development are right and wrong determined by what is rewarded and punished? Conventional Para-conventional Postconventional Preconventional

Preconventional

Which of the following is true about the halo effect? A single trait of a person influences the overall perception of him. The perception of a person is being influenced by the surrounding environment. Evaluating people based on their stand out characteristics. An individual is evaluated based on personal perceptions about his group.

A single trait of a person influences the overall perception of him.

_____ are people's explanations of the causes of their behaviors or performance. Commitments Perceptions Attributions Attitudes

Attributions

Person perceptions related to interpreting behavior are called: Attributions Emotions Virtues Ethics

Attributions

_____ are attachments or bonds to people, actions, or organizations. Commitments Perceptions Attributions Attitudes

Commitments

____ considers the results of an action before determining the ethical nature of the action. Consequentialist theory Utilitarianism Egoism Virtue theory

Consequentialist theory

_____ is the innate or developed capability to recognize, manage, and exercise emotions in relationships. Cultural intelligence Emotional intelligence Emotional labor Artificial intelligence

Emotional intelligence

____ is a term given to the display and management of appropriate emotions as part of fulfilling job responsibilities. Fundamental attribution error Cognitive dissonance Emotional labor Emotional intelligence

Emotional labor

____ are effective states that arise in response to information or messages a person receives from specific sensory inputs. Attributions Emotions Perceptions Cognitions

Emotions

____ allows us to read nonverbal messages and understand the emotional content of others' communications. Fundamental attribution error Cognitive dissonance Emotional labor Empathy

Empathy

Which of the following is a characteristic of a person at the preconventional level of moral development? Ethics is established through conscience and reason. Ethics is established by transcendent universal principles. Ethics is determined by self-interest. Ethics is determined by social norms or external factors.

Ethics is determined by self-interest.

Which of the following is true of impression management? It is less likely to be influenced by cultural differences. It is more likely to exclude self-promotion tactics. It can contribute to negative emotions toward an actor. It can contribute to higher performance ratings.

It can contribute to higher performance ratings.

Which of the following is true of the ABC framework of attitudes? It includes attitudes pertaining to behavioral intentions. It is not inclusive of attitudes pertaining to what one plans to do. It excludes attitudes that are a reflection of cognitive thoughts. It includes only attitudes pertaining to what one feels at a given situation.

It includes attitudes pertaining to behavioral intentions.

Which of the following statements is true of high organizational commitment? It increases work withdrawal among employees. It increases the rate of absenteeism in an organization. It increases employees' emotional attachment toward an organization. It increases the employee turnover in an organization and increases attrition rate.

It increases employees' emotional attachment toward an organization.

Which of the following best describes cognitive dissonance? It is the tendency for failing to sufficiently adjust a judgment from an initial impression (an anchor), even in the face of contrary evidence. It is the uncomfortable mental state we experience if our behavior does not fit our perceptions or deeper beliefs. It is the bias toward attributing others' behavior or performance to personal factors, like personality or effort, instead of the situation in which it occurred. It is a belief that a statement is true just because the person has heard it repeated over and over again.

It is the uncomfortable mental state we experience if our behavior does not fit our perceptions or deeper beliefs.

Which of the following best defines the fundamental attribution error? It refers to the act of using one piece of known information to make generalizations. It refers to the act of attributing something based on recent or memorable information in order to make judgments. It refers to the act of screening out information that contradicts an existing perception. It refers to the act of attributing the source of another's behavior to personal factors instead of to the situation.

It refers to the act of attributing the source of another's behavior to personal factors instead of to the situation.

Which of the following statements is true of high emotional intelligence? It results in decreased job turnover. It results in decreased employee job satisfaction. It results in decreased performance rates. It results in decreased commitment in employees.

It results in decreased job turnover.

Which of the following statements is true of high emotional intelligence? It results in decreased employee job satisfaction. It results in increased job turnover. It results in increased commitment in employees. It results in decreased performance rates.

It results in increased commitment in employees.

Which of the following statements is true of high emotional intelligence? It results in increased job turnover. It results in decreased commitment in employees. It results in decreased performance rates. It results in increased employee job satisfaction.

It results in increased employee job satisfaction.

Which of the following is true of a sustainable perspective to emotions? It is less likely to value emotions that may not seem to enhance productivity. It is more likely to ignore emotions that are difficult to quantify. It should arise naturally from work environments that value emotion. It is more likely to promote the emotional labor practice of faking positive emotion

It should arise naturally from work environments that value emotion.

Which of the following statements is true of the sustainable organizational behavioral approach to perceptions It tends to maximize the negative use of stereotypes. It tends to maximize the negative use of selective perception. It tends to loosen the perpetual anchors and adjust perceptions. It tends to discourage dissonance that may be harmful to creativity.

It tends to loosen the perpetual anchors and adjust perceptions.

The subjective interpretations we give to information and messages we receive from sensory inputs are called: Perceptions Virtues Emotions Commitments

Perceptions

_____ are the subjective interpretations we give to information and messages we receive from sensory inputs. Commitments Perceptions Attributions Attitudes

Perceptions

Martha works as a senior manager in a financial consulting firm. When she deals with her subordinates, she understands and guides them using her morals to differentiate between right and wrong. Which of the following levels of personal moral development has Martha reached? Para-conventional Conventional Preconventional Postconventional

Postconventional

George's repeated tardiness led his supervisor to cut it out of his paycheck. He was further warned that a repetition of this behavior would lead to a larger portion of his pay being cut. George could not afford to lose any more of his pay and decided to never be late for work again. Which of the following levels of moral development does George exemplify in this scenario? Postconventional Conventional Preconventional Para-conventional

Preconventional

_____ is the ability to recognize when emotional responses are triggered and by what. Empathy Self-management Self-awareness Cognitive dissonance

Self-awareness

A dynamic condition of a person evident in what the person thinks or feels or the way the person acts is a definition of what term? Emotion State Attitude Perception

State

____ is a perspective that promotes a balance between the human and ecological concerns in all the efforts of an organization. Utilitarianism Egocentrism Ethnocentrism Sustaincentrism

Sustaincentrism

According to Kenneth Goodpaster, _____ is an unbalanced and excessive focus on a single purpose or goal. halo effect bystander apathy teleopathy cognitive dissonance

Teleopathy

Which of the following statements best defines the term "ethics"? -They are attachments or bonds to people, actions, or organizations. -They are the summary evaluations of a particular object or person. -They are a set of principles or standards that differentiate right from wrong. -They are the dynamic conditions of a person that are manifested in the way he or she behaves.

They are a set of principles or standards that differentiate right from wrong

Which of the following is true of teleopathic individuals? They tend to be highly demotivated. They attach themselves strongly to ethical inclinations. They generally exhibit low levels of enthusiasm. They are generally dedicated to the job they do.

They are generally dedicated to the job they do.

Which of the following is true of attitudes in the context of organizational behavior They are the same as values and beliefs of an individual in purpose and function. They are summary evaluations of a particular object or individual. They are poor indicators for explaining an individual's job performance. They apply broadly to a variety of situations and are not specific.

They are summary evaluations of a particular object or individual.

Which of the following best describes emotional intelligence? Understanding one's own emotions and the emotions of others Failing to understand the emotions of others Projecting one emotion while feeling another Emotions cannot be used for internal motivation

Understanding one's own emotions and the emotions of others

_____ is a moral philosophy that holds that ethical managers strive to produce "the greatest good for the greatest number." Sustaincentrism Virtualism Egoism Correct Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism

A moral point of view refers to: a framework of values we use to develop our internally consistent and logically justified principles and standards of right and wrong. the innate or developed capability to recognize, manage, and exercise emotions in relationships. the uncomfortable mental state we experience if our behavior does not fit our perceptions or deeper beliefs. a perspective that promotes a balance between the human and ecological concerns in all the efforts of an organization.

a framework of values we use to develop our internally consistent and logically justified principles and standards of right and wrong.

Rex believes in the importance of first impressions so much so that he finds it difficult to change it even when presented with contrary evidence. Rex's perceptual bias is referred to as a(n) _____. halo/horn effect anchoring and adjustment error selective perception fundamental attribution error

anchoring and adjustment error

Tracy is working on a project, the process for which was decided by her manager. She is aware that the process is inefficient and not the best way to do the project, but her manager insists that it gets done his way. Tracy is most probably suffering from a(n) _____. selective perception bias fundamental attribution error cognitive dissonance error teleopathy bias

cognitive dissonance error

Hannah and Alice are peers in a software company. Due to her workload, Hannah requests Alice to help her complete her project. Alice makes an mistake in the code that Hannah has to spend several days to fix. Hannah feels that Alice has made a mistake on purpose, while in reality, Alice has done it accidentally. This is an example of a(n) _____. cognitive dissonance error availability bias actor-observer bias fundamental attribution error

fundamental attribution error

The perceptual error that occurs when a person uses only one piece of known information to come to a general perception about another person is known as a(n) _____. halo/horn effect error selective perception error anchoring bias adjustment bias

halo/horn effect error

Screening out information that contradicts an existing perception is known as a(n) _____. cognitive dissonance error halo effect bias fundamental attribution error selective perception error

selective perception error