Exam 2: Ch 5, 6, 7, 8

The sleep disorder in which the individual repeatedly has the upsetting experience of waking up suddenly and in a panic from a sound sleep is referred to as

Sleep terror disorder

An overwhelming majority of people who suffer from dissociative identity disorder have experienced

Some form of severe sexual or physical abuse in childhood

Some individuals who are actually suffering from depression or some personality disorder are highly suggestible. This fact has led many skeptics to conclude that the increase in diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder may be the result of

Therapists' suggestions that these clients may actually have dissociative identity disorder

Which of the following statements applies to the condition known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD)?

Women with SAD reported more autonomous negative thoughts throughout the year than women without SAD.

In the type of specific phobia called "blood-injury-injection," there is an inherited vasovagal response and a tendency to faint due to

a decrease in blood pressure

Research studies have found that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is most common among ______________.

adults over 45 years of age

During the interview with Chuck ("Abnormal Psychology Live" CD), he stated that he experienced obsessive thoughts

all the time

One of the symptoms of a mood disorder is called anhedonia, which means

an inability to engage in pleasurable activities.

On the "Abnormal Psychology Live" CD for Chapter 8, Susan mentioned that she often compensated for eating by purging. She indicated that her weight has been as low as 87 pounds. Her diagnosis is ____________.

anorexia nervosa

People with bulimia nervosa often present with additional psychological disorders, particularly ________ and ________

anxiety disorders; mood disorders

People with bulimia nervosa often present with additional psychological disorders, particularly ________ and ________.

anxiety disorders; mood disorders

A person who eats and sleeps too much is experiencing a depressive episode with __________ features

atypical

Of the following, the group in which we would expect to see the highest incidence of anorexia nervosa is

ballet dancers

Research suggests that we inherit a tendency to be tense, which is ____________.

caused by multiple genes

According to your textbook, new techniques have made it possible to treat some phobias effectively in one _____

day

Being depressed __________ the risk of death in elderly patients who have had a stroke or heart attack

doubles

The behavioral process in which OCD patients are not permitted to carry out their compulsions while in the presence of the anxiety producing stimulus or situation is called

exposure and ritual prevention

An effective treatment for SAD is

exposure to bright light shortly after awakening

Susan, who described her experience with anorexia nervosa on the "Abnormal Psychology Live" CD for Chapter 8, said that as soon as she eats, she

gains weight

Depressive individuals tend to exhibit

greater right anterior brain activity

One biological factor that has been related to individuals who experience insomnia is ______.

higher body temperature

The death rate (including suicide) due to anorexia nervosa is

higher than that any psychological disorder reviewed in your text

Jane is diagnosed with bipolar II disorder. You can expect that she will experience

hypomanic episodes

Negative cognitive styles are associated with a vulnerability to subsequent depression

in people in general

The best conclusion about the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) for the diagnosis of depression is that

it is not useful as a diagnostic tool

Samantha started having difficulty falling asleep during final exam week. Although exams are over, she now starts to worry about sleep right after dinner. Even the sight of her bed makes her very anxious. The fact that Samantha's insomnia continues long after the stress of exams is over points to the role of ___________in the maintenance of sleep disorders.

learning

When women are asked to identify the most attractive female body weight, they typically identify a weight that is

lower than the weight identified by men

People with GAD tend to worry about

mostly minor things

In treating panic disorder, all of the following types of medications are used EXCEPT ________.

opiates

The most comprehensive evaluation of sleep is performed by a(n) ______________ evaluation

polysomnographic

Most individuals who experience a single episode of major depressive disorder will

probably have several episodes throughout their lives

The most successful weight loss programs are

professionally directed behavior modification programs

Although catatonic symptoms occur in major depressive disorders, they are more frequently associated with ______________.

schizophrenia

According to Gray and McNaughton (1996), the fight-or-flight system is partially activated by deficiencies in the neurotransmitter _______ in the brain

serotonin

Evidence now suggests that agoraphobic avoidance behavior is one component of

severe, unexpected panic attacks

Programs that have the best chance of success for preventing eating disorders

should be administered to all girls 15 years of age or older to prevent the disorder from developing

All of the following are examples of causes of circadian rhythm sleep disorder EXCEPT ____________

sleep rebound

An early stage of Phoebe's cognitive-behavioral treatment for bulimia nervosa will likely involve

small, frequent meals

Individuals with a sleep efficiency of 90%

spend 10% of their "bed time" awake

Studies has shown that tricyclics have caused

sudden death in some children under 14 years old.

Fear activates a

surge of energy in the autonomic nervous system so we can flee

Medical treatments for severe sleep apnea include medication, mechanical devices, and _______.

surgery

Recent research suggests that

the same genetic factors contribute to both anxiety and depression

Richard, the patient with OCD described in the textbook, was compelled to take very small steps as he walked and to look back repeatedly. As with other types of checking compulsions, Richard was trying to

ward off an imagined disaster

The most important and immediate goal in the treatment of a patient with anorexia nervosa is ________________.

weight gain

According to the DSM-IV-TR criteria, the symptoms of a panic attack develop abruptly and reach a peak within _____ minute(s)

10

In the general population, as many as ____ of people suffer from social anxiety disorder at some point in their lives.

12.1%

Approximately ______ experience major depressive disorder over a lifetime and approximately _____ in the last year

16%; 6%

Debbie has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder, recurrent. She wants to know what to expect in the future regarding her condition. You tell her that according to recent research the median lifetime number of major depressive episodes is _____.

2-3

Lack of adequate sleep has a negative effect on ____________.

African Americans

Studies have found that adolescent girls of which race/ethnicity had less body dissatisfaction, fewer weight concerns, and a more positive body image when compared to Caucasian adolescent girls?

African Americans

Recent research suggests that

All of the above

Which of the following factors contribute to the integrative theory of depression?

All of these

The additional personalities that develop in an individual with dissociative identity disorder are called the

Alter personalities

Regarding Beck's views on depression, which of the following definitions of cognitive errors and negative schema is NOT correct?

Arbitrary inference means that a depressed individual emphasizes the positive rather than the negative aspects of a situation.

The abuse experienced by clients with dissociative identity disorder sometimes results in dysfunctional attitudes. Which of the following perspectives utilizes methods that may be helpful in changing these attitudes?

Cognitive-behavioral

Which type of amnesia is characterized by an inability to recall past events from a particular date up to and including the present time?

Continuous amnesia

The out-of-body sensations reported by people that have near-death experiences are similar to those experienced in

Depersonalization

An inability to remember important personal details and experiences that is not attributable to brain dysfunction is called

Dissociative amnesia

In regard to treatment of specific phobias, which of the following statements is correct?

Exposure-based exercises actually change brain functioning

Which of the following genetic factors does NOT contribute to obesity?

Fat cell shape

According to actress Anne Heche, her bout with dissociative identity disorder may have been precipitated by the childhood sexual abuse she endured at the hands of

Her father

Which French neurologist felt that even normal individuals could be hypnotized?

Hippolyte Marie Bernheim

Which of the following is one of the more commonly used techniques in the treatment of dissociative identity disorder?

Hypnosis

A client persistently views the mild headaches he occasionally gets as an indication he has a brain tumor. Magnetic resonance images provide no evidence in support of his claim, yet he still insists that he has a tumor. This individual may be suffering from

Hypochondriasis

Which physiological measure consistently distinguishes individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) from non-anxious normal subjects?

Increased muscle tension

Which of the following facts would mostly likely lead a clinician to suspect malingering in a purported case of dissociative identity disorder?

Malingerers are usually at ease discussing the actions of alter personalities

Which of the following people living in the United States is most likely to develop GAD?

Monica, a 50-year-old woman

Although grieving is considered a normal process, it does sometimes become a psychological disorder. Which of the following cases would NOT be diagnosed as a pathological grief reaction?

Mrs. C's dog recently died. Three weeks later, her friends suggest that she get another dog "to help her get over the loss." Mrs. C. refuses and says she just isn't ready to get another dog and besides, it would be impossible to replace her beloved "Toto."

A goal of treatment for patients who have experienced major depressive disorders is delaying or preventing the next episode. In which of the following situations would this goal be LEAST important?

Patients who have had a single, brief episode of major depressive disorder and recovered without treatment

As his family finishes supper, Ryan repeatedly develops diarrhea when it is time to help with the dishes and has to go to the bathroom. This scenario illustrates

Primary gains

The study of connections among psychological stress, nervous system functioning, and the immune system is known as

Psychoneuroimmunology

Generalized amnesia is an inability to remember

Anything from one's past

Which of the following would NOT be considered an example of social phobia?

An individual who cannot travel on public transportation without a family member present.

Phil is a hard-driving, middle-level manager at a corporation. He is often highly suspicious of others and gets very impatient with the people he supervises. In addition, he rarely relaxes and has to fit leisure activities into his schedule. Phil might be described as a

Type A

Individuals who are at increased risk for developing heart disease because of their tendency to inhibit the expression of negative emotions in social situations are referred to as _____ personalities

Type D