Exam 2 (Chapter 6)

What is the DRI for protein? a. 0.8 g/kg of body weight b. 1.2-3 g/kg of body weight c. 1.4-1.7 g/kg of body weight d. 2.0 g/kg of body weight

a. 0.8 g/kg of body weight

Protein digestibility is highest for which foods? a. eggs b. dairy c. legumes d. vegetables

a. eggs Eggs, beef, and poultry have very high digestibility, meaning that the body absorbs over 90% of the protein in the food.

What are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream, resulting in a cellular response? Many are made from amino acids. a. hormones b. enzymes c. catalysts d. collagen e. neurotransmitter

a. hormones

All the following are functions of protein EXCEPT: a. primary energy source. b. used to make antibodies. c. component of all enzymes. d. maintains fluid and electrolyte balance.

a. primary energy source.

_________ are the building blocks of protein

amino acids

Which amino acids cannot be synthesized in amounts sufficient to meet physiological needs? a. conditionally essential amino acids b. essential amino acids c. amines d. polypeptides e. nonessential amino acid

b. essential amino acids

What protects the stomach from digesting itself? a. digestive enzymes b. mucus lining of stomach c. complex structure of protein d. alkaline environment of the stomach

b. mucus lining of stomach

A(n) __________ is a substance that speeds the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being permanently altered in the process.

enzyme

__________ are proteins that can chemically change the shape of other substances, such as during digestion. Heat can ________ a protein, making it non-functional. Different proteins, such as _______ can transport oxygen via blood. Other proteins, _____________ act as glue between the cell

enzymes, denature, hemoglobin, collagen

___________ is a protein that forms in grain foods, is best known for providing a pleasing stretchy texture to yeast breads.

gluten is a type of protein in certain grain foods that is toxic to the person with celiac disease

What is the DRI for protein for a 37-year-old female who is 5'4" tall and weighs 110 lb? a. 75 g b. 60 g c. 55 g d. 35 g e. 40 g

110 /2.2 =50 kilograms 50 x 0.8=40

True or False Essential amino acids are those that play an important role in the body and can only be obtained through supplementation.

False Essential amino acids are those that the body cannot make and must be provided by the diet

__________ is/are important for the control of protein synthesis.

RNA

protein functions as the body's ___________ helping maintain normal pH

buffers protein buffers pick up hydrogen (acid) when there are too many in the bloodstream and release them again when there are too few

The DRI for protein intake for an adult is __________ of body weight. a. 0.5 g/kg b. 5.0 g/kg c. 0.8 g/kg d. 2.2 g/kg e. 1.0 g/kg

c. 0.8 g/kg

Approximately the same amount of protein is provided by each of the following foods, which are all cooked or ready to eat: ½ cup legumes; 1½ cups broccoli; 1 oz cheese; and 2 T peanut butter. Which of these would be the most nutrient-dense food choice for protein? a. ½ cup legumes (122 cal) b. 2 T peanut butter (191 cal) c. 1½ cups broccoli (82 cal) d. 1 oz cheese (115 cal)

c. 1½ cups broccoli (82 cal)

The roles of protein in the body include which of the following? I. balance of acids and bases II. thinning of blood III. providing energy IV. transport of substances in the bloodstream V. cell structure a. I and V only b. I, II, IV, and V c. I, III, IV, and V d. I, III, and IV only

c. I, III, IV, and V

Digestion of food proteins in the stomach is carried out by the enzyme pepsin, which is activated in the presence of __________. This enzyme reaction attacks food protein's __________. a. a strong base; peptide bonds b. gastric acid; amino acids c. gastric acid; peptide bonds d. glucose; amino acids e. a strong base; amino acids

c. gastric acid; peptide bonds

All of these are proteins EXCEPT ________. a. collagen b. insulin c. glycogen d. antibodies

c. glycogen its the storage form of carbohydrates

What contains enzymes that split peptide strands into tripeptides, dipeptides, and amino acids? It is also where amino acids are absorbed. a. large intestine b. pancreas c. small intestine d. liver e. stomach

c. small intestine

Which amino acids cannot be made by the body or made in quantities great enough to meet the body's needs? a. Recycled amino acids b. Nonessential amino acids c. Conditionally essential amino acids d. Essential amino acid

d. Essential amino acid

Which snack should someone who wants to stimulate muscle protein synthesis consume after a strength-building exercise? a. Rice b. Crackers c. Apple d. Skim milk

d. Skim milk a protein rick snack

Eating a variety of protein foods from plants so that amino acids that are low in some foods will be supplied by the others are: a. high-quality proteins. b. limiting proteins. c. noncomplementary proteins. d. complementary proteins

d. complementary proteins

Problems with consuming too much protein include all the following EXCEPT: a. increased risk for cancer from eating a high fat diet of red mean and processed meats often seen in individuals with a high protein intake. b. increased risk for kidney disease from kidney processing extra nitrogen due to high protein intake. c. increased risk for heart disease from eating too many high fat food sources of protein. d. increase in electrolytes from fluid retention seen with high protein intake

d. increase in electrolytes from fluid retention seen with high protein intake

Amino acids are needed each day to support the new growth and maintenance of cells because there is a continuous breakdown and synthesis of proteins within the body called __________. a. malnutrition b. enzymatic utilization c. acidosis d. protein turnover e. catalysis sparing

d. protein turnover

Protein digestion and denaturing begins in the __________. a. blood stream b. mouth c. small intestines d. stomach

d. stomach

When amino acids are consumed in excess of what is needed, all the following are possible fates of the excess amino acids EXCEPT: a. used for fat. b. used to make glucose for storage as glycogen. c. used to meet immediate energy needs. d. stored in muscle tissue.

d. stored in muscle tissue.

Heat, radiation, alcohol, acids, bases, and the salts of heavy metals causes a protein to unfold and inactivate itself, which is called ___________

denaturation

Under normal circumstances, healthy adults are in __________. a. negative nitrogen balance b. nitrogen imbalance c. acid-base imbalance d. positive nitrogen balance e. nitrogen equilibrium

e. nitrogen equilibrium

Proteins are complex compounds within living tissue composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and _________ atoms. Proteins are made of smaller units called _________ each with a unique side chain that differs in size, ________, and electrical charge

nitrogen, amino acids, shape

The __________ of the protein's side group determines the protein's function

shape