Exam 2- Energy Drinks
Which of the following traits are considered to be inheritable?
Eye Color
DNA is first wrapped around proteins called histones, forming RNA
False
If the codon is CCA, what is the anticodon and what amino acid will be inserted?
GGU, proline
An allele is a variation of a gene, usually due to small changes in the nucleotide sequence within the gene (T/F)
True
DNA Replication is Semiconservative: During DNA replication, each of the strands acts as a template for the construction of a new daughter strand (T/F)
True
In humans, male gametes are called ________, while female gametes are called ________.
sperm; eggs
During metaphase I of meiosis, genetic information is exchanged between two homologous chromosomes, resulting in new combinations of alleles. This process is called ________.
Crossing over
The method of determining the exact nucleotide order of a sequence of DNA is called ________ and is now an automated process that involves fluorescent dyes and automated machines.
DNA Sequencing
During the human life cycle, the fertilization of an egg by a sperm results in
Diploid zygote
Which of the following is the main difference between in vivo and ex vivo gene therapy?
Ex vivo gene therapy occurs outside the body and in vivo gene therapy occurs inside the body.
A codon is a three-nucleotide or triplet sequence found on tRNA that codes for a certain amino acid during translation. The anticodon is a three-nucleotide sequence found on mRNA that binds to the corresponding mRNA sequence. (T/F)
False
By tracking where the radioactive isotopes ended up after the viruses infected the cells, Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase identified that protein, not DNA, is the genetic material in cells (T/F)
False
On the leading strand, the DNA polymerase makes short segments of DNA, called Okazaki fragments, which are then connected together by a DNA ligase enzyme (T/F)
False
One example is complete dominance, where the dominant allele does not completely mask the recessive allele.
False
The first 23 pairs of chromosomes are called autosomes, and there are no differences between them in males and females.(T/F)
False
The mutated hemoglobin protein causes the red blood cells to be more effective for the exchange of gases in our bodies.(T/F)
False
When hemoglobin picks up oxygen, it forms carbonic acid (T/F)
False
Which of the following statements best describes the structure of a hemoglobin molecule?
Hemoglobin is comprised of four globin molecules, each with their own heme group that binds to and carries oxygen.
Sickle-cell disease results in misshapen red blood cells. What impact does this have on their ability to carry gases in the bloodstream?
It reduces their ability to carry oxygen, resulting in anemia.
Sickle-cell disease results in malformed hemoglobin molecules. Which cell type contains millions of hemoglobin molecules per cell?
Red blood cells
DNA replication is considered to be ________ because the end product consists of one old strand and one newly synthesized strand.
Semi-conservative
Haploid refers to the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism's cells. Living organisms are diploid (having two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent). In humans, only the egg and sperm cells are haploid. (T/F)
True
The square in the F2 generation, called a Punnett square, can help you visualize the process of meiosis. On the outer part of the square are the possible eggs and sperm cells (which are haploid), while the inner part of the square shows the possible diploid offspring.(T/F)
True
The start codon (sequence AUG ) is the first codon of a messenger RNA transcript translated by a ribosome. The start codon always codes for methionine(T/F)
True
When the capillaries surrounding the alveoli become blocked by sickle-shaped RBCs, it can cause a condition known as acute chest syndrome (T/F)
True
anemia 1-Has an impact on the ability of the cells and organs of the immune system to perform their function. 2- Individuals with sickle-cell disease are often more prone to infections, such as those from viruses and bacteria. (T/F)
True
Humans have two sex chromosomes that are named based on their shape. Males have (an) ________ and females have (an) ________.
X and Y chromosome; two X chromosomes
Where within the lungs does gas exchange occur?
alveoli
During translation, a polypeptide chain is created using a RNA template. Which of the following components is responsible for bringing amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain?
tRNA
Sickle-cell disease is a recessive genetic disease. This means
two copies of the recessive allele must be present in order for the disease to be expressed.
