exam 2 HW quiz questions

In a ___________ design, groups of scores involve two separate groups of participants who are matched on a one or more characteristic. In a ______________ design, observations involve participants who are the same individual tested at two points in time, or under two unique conditions or treatments, on an outcome variable.

paired t test; independent measures t test not right

Each of the following are assumptions of a paired samples t test, except:

there are no significant outliers in the different scores not right

In a paired samples t test, the difference scores for each group are compared to a value of zero.

true

Sipe et al. found that Whites are more likely to expect gender discrimination to negatively impact their career than non-Whites.

true

Whereas a p value tells us whether there is an effect in our data, Cohen's d tells us how meaningful or strong that effect is.

true

If you meet all other parametric assumptions, what t test should you interpret if the p value for your Levene's test is less than 0.05?

welch t test

Please refer to Figure 5.2 for this question. Following the flow chart, if comparing two paired groups where parametric assumptions are NOT met, the appropriate test would be:

wilcoxon signed rank test

A researcher wants to compare mean levels of depression severity between participants that were randomly assigned to either receive a new psychological treatment or to a control condition. Would this research design potentially be appropriate for an independent samples t test?

yes

If you were analyzing the results of the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality with a sample size of less than 30, would you say that your data are normally distributed if p > 0.05?

yes

Think back to the example from the beginning of this chapter describing Kusumastuti and colleagues' (2017) research. Was this an example of comparing scores across time points, between conditions, or between paired groups?

across time points or between conditions

Having a statistically significant test result means our results are practically significant.

false

If we run a paired t test and find a p value less than .05, we would fail to reject the null hypothesis.

false

Kusumastuti and colleagues (2017) found that medical students' attitudes toward older people improved after the two-week care internship.

false

Psychological researchers always detail how they tested their data to make sure they met the assumptions for testing in published research articles.

false

The results of the study by Hoekstra et al. (2012) indicate that the majority of PhD students in psychology are receiving statistical training on how to appropriately test data to make sure they meet assumptions prior to conducting analyses.

false

Paired samples t tests are sometimes called by the following names, except for ___________.

grouped t-test

A Cohen's d value of 0.55 would be considered a

medium effect

A researcher is interested in comparing mean levels of participant test anxiety when they took a test while listening to classical music and when the same group of participants later took a test with no music present. Would this research design potentially be appropriate for an independent samples t test?

no

If you had a skewness statistic of 3.12, would you say that your data are normally distributed?

no