exam 2

Al Nino is a man in his 70s who is recieving rehabilitation following his recent hip surgery. luckily, his physical therapist avoids elderspeak because she refers to him as

Mr. Nino

which of the following is a widely used task to assess working memory?

N-back task

the world health organization defines health as

a state of physical, mental and social well-being

research on identity in emerging adults has shown that individuals can be grouped into one of four identify statuses. the four statuses are

achieved, moratorium, diffuse, foreclosed

health professionals use the individuals ability to complete the tasks of bathing, dressing, using the toilet, and eating to assess

activity of daily living

the ___________hypothesis proposes that older adults are disproportionally slower on reaction time tasks that are more complex

age complexity

the plaques found in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease are made up of which substance ?

beta amyloid

in the type A behavior pattern, high scores on hostility seem strongly related to which health outcome?

cardiovascular disease

an acute condition in which an artery leading to the brain bursts or is clogged by a blood clot is known as a

cerebrovascular accident

a 65 year old man smoked all his life and now has _________, a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

in the disease known as ____________, the heart cannot distribute enough blood throughout the body to reach major organs, causing the tissues to swell with fluid.

congestive heart failure

in an investigation of 1000 catholic nuns and priests, high levels of _________________ while they were alive was found to be related to lower rates of Alzheimer's disease, even when their brains showed higher degrees of pathology upon autopsy

conscientiousness

the _____________ principle would predict that, over time, a highly agreeable person would be more liked by other people, which would further increase this person's agreeableness over the years of adulthood

correspondence

the general slowing hypothesis proposes that older adults become slower in reaction time primarily because of:

decreasing in processing speed within nervous system

the role of the _______________ in working memory is to recall information in long term memory and bring it back temporarily into working memory.

episodic buffer

the abilities to plan, use working memory, allocate mental resources to incoming tasks, and inhibit distracting information are included in the cognitive skills known in psychology as

executive functioning

an individual high in _______________ would be considered outgoing and sociable

extroversion

arteriosclerosis is a condition in which plaque builds up in the arteries

false

longitudinal studies examining adult intelligence show that IQ scores peak in early adulthood followed by steady declines

false

older adults can remember information from many years in the past better than they can remember more recent information

false

procedural memory, or the recall of actions involved in particular tasks, does not hold up well with age.

false

randomized control trials support the effectiveness of gingko biloba for improving memory performance

false

studies on every day problem solving abilities show that older adults are more susceptible to the attraction effect than younger adults

false

according to research on ______________ memory, older adults are able to remember distinctive historical events as well as do younger adults

flashbulb

in the fluid-cryallized theory, the individual's innate ability to carry out higher level cognitive operations is referred to as

fluid intelligence

research shows that lower brain activation in the ______________lobe is related to more rapid decline in intelligence scores (especially fluid intelligence) in adults

frontal

the trail making test is used in a neuropsychological assessment to evaluate the older adult's:

frontal lobe functioning

training older adults to use "deep processing" to encode information more fully would involve having them follow which procedure?

giving meaning to information being remembered (E.g.,seeing pics and words when learning a word list)

the behavioral risk factors for chronic disease in later adulthood include tobacco smoking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and:

harmful use of alcohol

research from the institute of highway safety shows that older drivers in the U.S who are faced with the challenge of making a left hand turn while driving in a busy intersection are most likely to experience which outcome?

having an accident

the tendency to ramble may be especially likely to occur in the speech of older adults who experience "mental clutter" or an inability to

inhibit irrelevant information

the _____________ suggests that aging reduces the individual's ability to inhibit irrelevant information.

inhibitory deficit hypothesis

Diabetes can be prevented and treated by which behavior?

monitoring weight and diet

which of the following is NOT a factor in the five factor model by Costa and McCrae?

narcissism

a 72 year old woman has been told by her physician that, because she is obese, she is putting increased weight on her joints, this increasing her risk of developing the musculoskeletal disease known as

osteoarthritis

due to tendency to engage in ____________, many older adults repeat the same words on tests of verbal fluency when they are asked to produce words that all begin with the same letter

perseveration

researchers investigating the roles of lifestyle factors as modifying an individual's risk of developing Alzheimers disease believe that _________________can play a protective role.

physical exercise

according to the communication ____________model, older adults become less able to use language when they are spoken to in condescending manner

predicament

which genes are thought to be involved in Alzheimers disease?

presenilin 1, ApoE, APP

in the procedure known as testing the limits, researchers studying the aging process try to

provide cognitive training until they show no more improvements.

brinley plots are used to understand what type of cognitive performance?

reaction time

the model of self regulation and driving predicts that the likelihood that an older adult will continue to drive depends on the psychological factors of

self confidence and need for independence

vocabulary and factual information fall into the category of _____________ memory, a process not affected by aging

semantic

older adults do relatively poorer than younger adults on conjunction vs. simple search tasks , because conjunction tasks rely on _________________ processing.

serial

which of the following has been found to be related to memory performance?

smoking cigarettes, amount of sleep person gets, aerobic exercise

older adults have greater difficulty with ____________ memory, which is the recall of where or how a person acquires information

source

which of the following is not a subscale on the WAIS-IV?

spatial relations

performance of older adults on the ______________ task provides evidence of difficulties they experience in inhibiting irrelevant and potentially confusing information.

stroop

compared to younger adults, older adults have more difficulty in ________________ attention, or the ability to focus on an activity over a long period of time

sustained

the neurofibrillary tangles found in the brains of individuals with Alzheimers disease are made up of with substance

tau proteins

findings from the ACTIVE study shows that cognitive training had a significantly positive impact on older adults' ability to manage activities of daily livings

true

highest vehicle fatality rates are in 35-54 year old age group

true

if left untreated, long term complications of diabetes may include damage to the nervous system, blindness, and stroke

true

intake of vitamin D and calcium as well as resistance exercises may help reduce the risk of osteoporosis

true

older adults experience more impairments in episodic memory than younger adults

true