Exam 2 managing people
When an employment practice disproportionately excludes a protected group from employment opportunities, a company can be accused of ____ impact
Disparate
Which of the following are questions managers should ask when analyzing poor employee performance?
Does the employee have the required skills and knowledge? Does the employee have the necessary resources to succeed? Does the employee know what is expected?
Which of the following statements about the process of performance management is true?
Effective performance management is a process
Which of the following statements are true about effective PM?
Employees benefit when feedback is delivered more frequently.
Which of the following statements about self-ratings are true?
Employees tend to inflate their ratings. The ratings should not be used as the sole source of performance information.
Which of the following are examples of disparate treatment?
Estrella is hired instead of Boris because Estrella is female. Steve is hired instead of Ray because Steve is white.
The branch of government that consists of the president of the United States and the many regulatory agencies the president oversees is known as the ______. Multiple choice question.
Executive branch
According to Gallup, which conditions make PM more effective?
Expectations are collaborative, clear, and aligned. Accountability exists. Coaching is continual.
Feedback only provides information about individual performance.
False
No legal protections exist for those participating in discrimination cases.
False
Recent research indicates that tests show different levels of subgroup validity.
False
What are some of the reasons why feedback is not delivered?
Feedback providers often lack confidence in issuing feedback. Negative feedback can make someone feel bad. Feedback is easy to put off because it takes time.
Social performance management, which uses systems like Facebook and Yammer to allow employees to quickly communicate with one another, is particularly valued by which generations?
Generation Z Millennials
Which of the following are the first two steps in the performance management process?
Identify and develop performance measures for key performance dimensions. Identify the company's goals and objectives.
Which of the following statements about informal groups are true?
Informal groups are formed by members who share a common interest. Informal groups are based on friendship.
Which of the following statements are true about the general duty clause of OSHA?
It applies to every employer. Its purpose is to provide a safe place of employment.
Tracking goal achievement and progress toward goals can have which impacts on employees?
It improves performance. It increases motivation.
Which of the following statements is true about team adaptive capacity?
It is a critical element of effective, high-performing teams. It is the ability to make needed changes in response to demands put on the team.
Which of the following best defines performance management?
It is the process managers go through to make sure that employees' activities and outputs are aligned with the organization's goals.
In order to make meaningful contributions to groups or teams, what should you do?
Learn which individual functions of groups are most important to you Develop your teamwork competencies Apply your knowledge to combat social loafing
Which of the following is the fourth step in implementing a goal-setting program?
Writing an action plan.
An employment practice that lacks discriminatory content but still leads to discrimination is known as a(n) ______.
a disparate impact practice
Though Congress is motivated by a variety of factors, most of the laws it passes are a response to ______. Multiple choice question.
a perceived societal need
Some examples of extrinsic rewards include:
a promotion a pay raise
The Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution ______. Multiple choice question.
abolished slavery in the United States
Tran is a manager and must measure the performance of his employees. The method he uses requires him to analyze the performance of each employee against each other. Tran is using the ______ approach.
comparative
Total rewards offered by an organization may include:
compensation such as base pay and other monetary incentives benefits such as health and wellness and retirement funds personal growth opportunities such as training
Some examples of intrinsic rewards include:
completing quarterly financial statements without errors providing donations to a food cupboard
The process known as as ____ validation involves testing individuals presently performing a job and then attempting to establish a correlation between those test scores and existing measures of job performance.
concurrent
Pay for performance results tend to be best when organizations do which of the following?
consider multiple performance measures significantly reward top performers enact a transparent system
Which of the following terms describe trends in feedback?
continual informal inclusive
When a reward is given every time a target behavior occurs, it is known as a(n) ___ reinforcement schedule.
continuous
If a target behavior is rewarded every time it occurs, then it is a(n):
continuous reinforcement schedule
Jordan sells on commission and is paid for every sale. This is an example of a:
continuous reinforcement schedule
The degree of relatedness between two sets of numbers is known as the ______.
correlation coefficient
When there is a substantial correlation between test scores and job-performance scores, then ______ validity can be established.
criterion-related
When there is a substantial correlation between test scores and job-performance scores, then ______ validity can be established. Multiple choice question.
criterion-related
Melania works for a mobile business that grooms dogs. She visits clients' homes to groom their pets and is always in the field. Which of the following would be the best source of information for her performance review?
customers
Who of the following are primary sources of performance information of an employee?
customers self direct reports
When a performance measure does not measure all aspects of performance, it is considered ______.
deficient
The first step in the goal-setting process is to:
define clear goals
Components of the performance management process include:
defining expectations overseeing performance creating consequences
Which of the following are purposes of an organization's performance management system?
developmental strategic administrative
Early in the group development process, a team can improve its chances for success if it:
develops a team charter
Which of the following are contexts over which we typically generalize selection methods?
different organizations different samples of people different jobs
Feedback delivery tends to be which of the following?
direct critical
Managers are often evaluated by their employees. Employees who report to a manager are known as ______.
direct reports
Unlike other theories of discrimination, reasonable accommodation places a special obligation on employers to accommodate which of the following?
disability religion
When the plaintiff alleges they were unjustly treated by the performance measurement system due to their age, gender, or race, it is called a ______ suit.
discrimination
Which of the following describes a purpose of a formal work group?
discussing ways to improve product quality
When people are treated differently because of their race, gender, sex, disability status, or religion, they are subject to ______. Multiple choice question.
disparate treatment
What are results, behaviors, actions, and nonperformance factors examples of?
distribution criteria for rewards
The best kind of performance feedback is the kind that ______.
elicits positive behavioral responses
Specificity is relevant to which of the following aspects of performance management?
employee development achieving strategic goals
Once behaviors have been defined, the behavioral approach requires managers to assess how well ______.
employees exhibit them
Which of the following can be influenced by promotions and pay raises?
employees' emotional well-being employees' intentions of quitting employees' perception of fairness
Which of the following is a goal of collaboration?
ensuring a collective outcome is completed
Gender equity within organizations focuses on which areas?
equity in pay equity in representation
Comparing actual performance to a previously set goal is the step in the performance management process called:
evaluating performance
Which of the following steps are part of the attribute approach?
evaluating whether individuals posses certain desired traits defining a set of desired traits
What are some of the biggest perceived detriments of the performance management system?
excessive emphasis on compensation poorly translated actionable goals for improvement lack of fairness by the manager
Reference letters are unreliable predictors of job success primarily because most of them are ______.
excessively positive
Which of the following has the federal government used to achieve equal employment opportunity?
executive orders constitutional amendments legislation
According to the Reina Model for rebuilding trust, it is important to discuss feelings and emotions constructively before reframing the ___ and taking ___ foe what happened.
experience, responsibility
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects employees from employer retaliation for ______ illegal employment practice. Multiple choice question.
expressing through proper channels a perceived
Rewards that come from the environment are ___
extrinsic
Because of collaboration, teams are generally less effective than the individuals who make up the team
false
Discrimination based on Executive Order 11246 applies only to which of the following?
federal contractors and subcontractors
Employees should not be surprised by a formal evaluation if they are provided with frequent ______ from their managers.
feedback
Information about performance given to those who can make the situation better is the definition of:
feedback
Complaints over which of the following account for most of the cases filed with the EEOC under the Americans with Disabilities Act?
firings
When a teacher bases students' grades on a midterm and a final exam of equal weight, what type of reinforcement schedule is being used?
fixed interval
Workers who meet regularly to discuss ways to improve product quality are in a(n) ___ group
formal
During which stage of group development are people anxious about their roles, the people in charge, and the group's goals?
forming
Among the stages of group development in Tuckman's model are:
forming performing norming
Interview questions that pertain to hypothetical situations that a job candidate might face if hired are considered ______.
future-oriented
Performance management is crucial to ______.
gaining competitive advantage
Which of following characteristics are generally indicative of a selection method's utility?
generalizability reliability validity
The requirements of the Rehabilitation Act pertain to which of the following?
government contractors executive agencies government subcontractors
Which of the following best describes equal employment opportunity?
governmental action that seeks to provide the same chance for employment to all individuals
Collections of individuals with low dependency on one another are known as ______, whereas _____ are collectively responsible for their performance.
groups; teams
The primary functions of performance management include:
guiding employee training and development communicating the employee behavior that is being sought making decisions related to employees such as pay raises
The simplifying mechanisms we use to make judgments are known as ______.
heuristics
Situational interview items have ______.
high predictive validity
Clear goals and responsibilities with an appropriate mix of knowledge, skills, and abilities are specifically associated with ______ teams.
high-performing
What is it called when a person's behavior in the workplace creates circumstances that make it difficult for someone else of a particular sex to do his or her work?
hostile working environment
Punctuated equilibrium is concerned with:
how a group functions in the face of change
It is important to monitor progress toward goal achievement in order to:
identify problems while pursuing a goal
Which of the following are key components of most safety awareness programs?
identifying potential hazards communicating hazards to managers and employees reinforcing safe practices
A colleague receives a significant reward for work you accomplished together, but you do not receive a similar reward. What impact might that have on you?
inconsistent future performance loss of motivation
Which of the following exemplifies a performance goal?
increasing sales by 10% in a period
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is a(n) ______.
independent federal agency
A card club that meets monthly to play and have dinner is an example of a(n) ______
informal group
Feedback offers which of the following to those who can positively impact a situation?
information
If two individuals give a person's job performance approximately the same evaluation, the performance measure has ______.
interrater reliability
Which of the following would be expected in a performance management system that is designed with a strong quality orientation?
involvement of both internal and external customers to set standards and measure performance an emphasis on cooperation in performance problem solving between managers and employees use of multiple sources in the evaluation of person and system factors
The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is responsible for which of the following?
issuing appropriate guidelines gathering information about complaints resolving discrimination complaints
Businesses with more than $50,000 in contracts with the federal government are required to do which of the following?
keep a written affirmative action plan on file not discriminate in employee hirings
Natalia's role with her new team was to produce periodic reports on the team's progress. Her reports were not in the preferred format and lacked several standard components, but she was unaware she was doing anything wrong and instead thought she was doing a good job. Natalia received a poor performance evaluation as a result of her reports. Her poor performance in this case was likely due to ______.
lack of feedback
Which of the following factors have a tendency to demotivate employees?
layoffs and cutbacks across-the-board raises extreme executive compensation
Which of the following are aspects of a learning goal?
learning new knowledge adding to a skill set
U.S. Supreme Court decisions can only be overturned by ______. Multiple choice question.
legislation
Which of the following are among the types of distributional rater errors?
leniency central tendency strictness
Which of the following are aspects of trust?
letting your guard down with another person believing that another person will keep the impact of his or her actions on you in mind
Managers should consider if employees want to do the job they're doing and if employees feel they are being appropriately compensated when determining an employees' ______.
level of motivation
What are reasons that employees have negative views of performance management systems?
limited guidance on how to improve performance infrequent feedback failure of managers to understand employee responsibilities
Which two of the following are aspects of a performance management process function?
locating a need for employee development explaining the reason to terminate employment
Which of the following is an example of informal group activity?
making a craft together
Communication, documentation, and organization maintenance are several of the basic purposes of an organization's performance ___ performance
management
Which of the following is the most frequently used source of performance information?
managers
Cognitive ability tests are designed to measure an individual's ______.
mental capacity
Differences in which of the following allow for legally permissible differences in pay?
merit quality of production seniority
When hearing a disparate treatment case, the court first tries to rule out the ______.
most obvious reasons for rejecting the plaintiff's claim
The two functions of feedback are to:
motivate instruct
Managers should consider which of the following aspects of an employee's job when they are considering ways to improve performance?
motivation ability
Assessment centers typically exhibit a high criterion-related validity because they employ which of the following?
multiple selection methods
Jaime is on time for work every day now because her manager yelled at her when she was late. Now that she is on time, her manager doesn't yell at her. This is an example of
negative reinforcement
Strengthening a desired behavior by removing a displeasing consequence is:
negative reinforcement
An attitude, feeling, opinion, or action shared by two or more people that guides behavior is a(n) ______
norm
An attitude, feeling, opinion, or action shared by two or more people that guides behavior is a(n) ______.
norm
The stage in Tuckman's group development process when the group resolves its power struggles in order to accomplish its goals is the ______ stage.
norming
The stage of group development that is able to occur after a respected member challenges the group to resolve power struggles to accomplish its goals is the ______ stage.
norming
A negative byproduct of positively reinforcing group role and norm adherence is that groups tend to:
ostracize those who do not conform
Key components such as types of rewards, distribution criteria, and desired outcomes are part of an organization's ___ system
reward
Compensation, benefits, and growth opportunities are all part of an organization's options for total ___ for employees
rewards
A set of expected behaviors for a particular position in a group is called a(n)
role
A set of shared expected behaviors for members of a group as a whole is called a group
role
Going beyond compliance with OSHA, ______ seek to make symbolic and substantive changes to an organization's safety efforts. Multiple choice question.
safety awareness programs
If standout employees score high on a specific trait, then a company using concurrent validation will likely use scores on this trait to do which of the following?
screen new hires
A dialog designed to gather information and evaluate the qualifications of an applicant for employment known as a(n) ___ interview
selection
The first step in the performance management process is to:
set goals and communicate expectations
Team performance strategies include:
setting goals for the team plans that outline exactly what the team is to do the tasks and responsibilities of the members
Which of the following are ways that groups positively communicate role expectations?
showing acceptance offering friendship
Questions that pertain to specific situations that are likely to arise in the course of the job are asked as part of a(n) ______ interview.
situational
Systems like Yammer that allow employees to quickly exchange information, provide coaching, and receive recognition are referred to as ______.
social performance management
When testing quantitative ability, one seeks to measure an applicant's ability to do which of the following?
solve arithmetic problems
A performance measure that does a good job of telling employees what is expected of them and how to meet those expectations is said to have a high level of ______.
specificity
In order to determine how much validity is sufficient, one usually tests for which of the following?
statistical significance
During which of the stages of Tuckman's group development process are people likely to test the leader's policies, form subgroups, and determine how they fit in the group's power structure?
storming
Individuals may test or rebel against the leader's policies in Tuckman's ___ stage of group development.
storming
Job performance management systems that bring out job performance that is in line with the strategies, goals, and culture of the organization is said to have ______.
strategic congruence
The results approach assumes that _______ can be eliminated from the process of measuring the results of a work group.
subjectivity
Concurrent studies can help anticipate the results of predictive studies, but they cannot ______ them.
substitute for
Peer evaluations are particularly useful to management when ______.
supervisors are not often able to observe the employee
The Thirteenth Amendment has been applied in cases where discrimination involved which of the following?
symbols of slavery
Collaboration includes which of the following aspects?
task coordination information sharing
The ability of a team to adapt to changes such as changing demands or the transition of members in or out of the group is:
team adaptive capacity
Plans that outline exactly what the team is to do, goals for the team, and the tasks, responsibilities, and roles of team members are:
team performance strategies
A plan for how the team will make decisions, share communications and strategies that should be agreed to early in the group development process is a(n)
team, charter
What three things does a plaintiff attempt to establish in a class-action pattern and practice lawsuit filed for discrimination by an employer?
that individual acts of intentional discrimination suggest that discrimination is part of the larger company culture that statistical differences exist between the composition of a given group in the company compared to some other relevant group that procedures for pay and for promotions leave too much discretion to managers
Which law gave all citizens the right to sue in federal court over alleged civil rights violations?
the Civil Rights Act of 1871
Which of the following protects employees from retaliatory acts, such as being fired, if they testify in a hearing and provide evidence that the employer has engaged in an illegal employment act, such as discrimination in hiring? Multiple choice question.
the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Which law requires that men and women who are doing equal work for the same organization must be paid the same? Multiple choice question.
the Equal Pay Act
Which of following laws were passed as a result of a perceived societal need?
the Occupational Safety and Health Act the Employee Retirement Income Security Act the Age Discrimination in Employment Act
Which agency is responsible for enforcing executive orders covering companies that do business with the federal government?
the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs
Developing a team charter early in the development process will help the team succeed because it describes:
the decision making process how the team will operate how the team will share information
As part of the contingency approach to goal setting, what elements should fit the situation?
the policy the behavior the practice
Verbal comprehension tests are designed to test which of the following in applicants?
their capacity to understand spoken language their capacity to understand written language
Though it can be useful, many employers are reluctant to use predictive validation due to the large amount of ______.
time and effort it requires
Which of the following are some specific rights granted by OSHA?
to receive training about workplace hazards to have dangerous workplace substances identified to be informed about injuries and illnesses in their workplaces
Monitoring performance involves:
tracking the achievement of the goal measuring the progress toward the goals
Due to the importance of effective performance management systems, many companies and organizations are training managers on how to provide feedback to employees.
true
Trust involves being vulnerable
true
A reciprocal belief that another person will consider the effects of his intentions and behaviors on you is ______.
trust
The Reina Model is used to restore ___ when it has been compromised.
trust
When a former employee files a suit against an employer claiming that they were fired for a reason other than that which is being claimed by the employer, it is called a(n) ______ suit.
unjust dismissal
A performance appraisal process for managers that includes direct reports' evaluations is known as ______.
upward feedback
How well information is able to enhance the organization's bottom-line effectiveness is known as its ___
utility
When a performance measure assesses all relevant aspects of performance, and only the relevant aspects of performance, that measure test is considered ______.
valid
If an empirical association can be shown to exist between a selection measure and scores for job performance, the ______ of a selection method can be established. Multiple choice question.
validity
In terms of job selection and placement, the extent to which a given measure of performance is related to performance on the job is known as ___
validity
When a teacher uses pop quizzes and unannounced tests to determine students' grades, what type of reinforcement schedule is being used?
variable interval
One type of cognitive ability test measures an individual's ______, which is the person's capacity to understand and use written and spoken language.
verbal comprehension
After a company has decided the kind of performance it expects from employees, it must develop ______.
ways to measure performance
Evidence concerning the reliability and validity of reference checks indicates that they are ______ predictors of future performance and success on the job.
weak
Which of the following describe when feedback is motivational?
when it is a reward when there is promise of a reward
Which of the following describe the instructional function of feedback?
when roles are made more clear when new behaviors are taught
When is it appropriate to use customer evaluations of employee performance?
when the job involves direct service to the customer when the evaluations serve a strategic goal
In order to predict future job performance by simulating a job through things like hypothetical case studies and role play, applicants are sometimes asked to take ______ tests
work-sample
It is the manager's responsibility to give feedback to employees frequently, making employees aware of performance deficiencies before they ______.
turn into productivity loss
The key components of an organizational reward system include:
types of rewards distribution criteria desired outcomes
Of the three potential outcomes from rewards, which one motivates the wrong behaviors?
undesired side effects
Thorndike's observations that led to the law of effect were that behavior with ______ consequences tends to disappear.
unfavorable
The National Labor Relations Board hears disputes between which of the following parties?
unions management
Executive Order 11246 applies to discrimination among federal contractors receiving more than ______ from the government.
$10,000
Rank the steps in a performance management system with the first step on top and the last on the bottom.
1. define performance 2. monitor performance 3. review performance 4. give consequences
Rank Tuckman's five stages of group development. The first stage should be the top item on your list.
1. forming 2. storming 3. norming 4. performing 5. adjourning
List the four steps in the goal-setting process with the first step at the top and the last step on the bottom
1. set goals 2. promote goal commitment 3. provide support and feedback 4. create action plans
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act prohibits discrimination against employees over the age of______.
40
Which of the following is true about the treatment of sexual orientation and gender identity by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act? Multiple choice question.
A federal circuit court has interpreted Title VII's prohibition against sex discrimination to include sexual orientation.
Which of the following are desired outcomes of an organization's reward system?
Attract and motivate talented people Retain talented people Foster personal growth
What are practical ways to build trust in interpersonal relationships within an organization?
Be realistic about commitments and deliver quality work on time. Demonstrate good business sense, technical ability, and professionalism. Keep team members informed by providing information on policies and giving accurate feedback.
In which of the following ways does the U.S. Constitution affect HRM
By delineating citizens' rights By establishing 3 primary governing bodies
The step in the performance management process when feedback and coaching are delivered is:
reviewing performance
What can employees do to avoid surprises during performance appraisals?
Check in with managers periodically to see how things are going. Ask managers informally for more frequent feedback.
What are practical ways to be an effective member of groups and teams?
Communicate, be predictable, and treat others with respect to boost your trustworthiness. Learn which of the group functions are important to you. Develop teamwork competencies to increase your value to the organization.
Which of the following are among the reasons that predictive validation is superior to concurrent validation?
Current employees know more about a job than applicants do. Job applicants are typically more motivated to perform well on tests than current employees.
Which of the following statements about managers as sources of performance information are true?
Managers have the ability to rate their employees. Managers know about their employees' job requirements
Which of the following statements are true about LGBT issues in employment?
Many large companies make benefits available to same-sex partners of employees. Most large business have developed inclusive attitudes toward LGBT individuals. Most large companies state that they do not discriminate based on sexual orientation.
In contrast to a group, what are characteristics of a team?
Members depend on each other. Members are accountable for their collective performance.
Which statements describe why rewards often fail to motivate employees?
Monetary rewards are over emphasized. Too much time passes-between the achievement and the reward. Motivation is impacted by the use of one-shot rewards.
The federal government is authorized to establish and enforce safety and health standards for places of employment as a result of the ______. Multiple choice question.
OSHA
Which of the following statements about peer evaluations is true?
Peer evaluations can be more motivating than managers' evaluations.
Which of the statements are true concerning the outcomes of the Americans with Disabilities Act?
The act has resulted in increased litigation. The kinds of cases being filed are not based on the rights that the act was originally intended to protect. About one-half of the complaints filed under the act have been found to be without reasonable cause.
Which of the following statements are true about a formal group?
The group is assigned to accomplish specific goals. The group is assigned by the organization or managers.
Which of the following are among the points the plaintiff needs to prove to win a disparate-treatment discrimination case?
The plaintiff belongs to a protected group. After the plaintiff was rejected, the employer hired someone with similar qualifications. The plaintiff applied for and was qualified for the position. The plaintiff was rejected, despite being qualified.
When feedback comes as a surprise to an employee, what might be happening on the part of the manager?
The quality of feedback is lacking. The quantity of feedback is insufficient
Which of following are examples of the executive branch's power to impact the legislative branch and the laws it passes?
The regulatory agencies have responsibility for enforcing laws. The president has the power to veto any law passed by Congress. The president can propose bills to Congress.
Which of the following statements about approaches to measuring performance is true?
There is no one best approach to measuring performance.
Which of the following are characteristics of high-performing teams?
They have clear goals and responsibilities. They have an appropriate mix of knowledge, skills, and abilities. They have trust and communication.
Which of the following are benefits of using video-based role-play over traditional paper-and-pencil methods?
They have higher levels of predictive validity. They are more engaging for applicants.
What should managers do to help them build and lead more effective teams?
They should evaluate employees using the three Cs of team players (commitment, collaboration, and competency). They should use the group development process to reduce frustrations when working in teams. They should identify important task and maintenance roles.
In order to make groups and teams successful, what should managers do?
They should identify task and maintenance roles. They should use team charters to accomplish goals. They should build and maintain trust with and among members
Why do so few people want to provide negative feedback?
They worry the exchange will harm their working relationship. They are concerned about how the employee will react. They are uncomfortable delivering bad news
Equal employment opportunity in the United States is regulated by ______ of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Multiple choice question.
Title VII
Donaldo just went through his performance evaluation. His manager gave him timely and complete feedback about areas needing improvement and training available to help him. Donaldo disagreed with his manager's assessment and decided not to make any changes to his work performance. Donaldo's reaction fits with which criterion of performance measure?
acceptability
Which of the following are among the five major dimensions measured in a personality inventory?
adjustment agreeableness extroversion
Which of the following were traditional forms of affirmative action to attract and hire minority employees?
advertising in minority-oriented publications providing training opportunities recruiting on college campuses
The personality dimension known as ______ is described as how good-natured, forgiving and courteous a person is.
agreeableness
Which of the following are provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1991?
allowing complainants to have a jury decide on punitive damages prohibiting preferential treatment for minority groups
When an interviewer asks a job candidate about the biggest challenge he or she has faced in motivating employees, the interviewer is asking which of the following?
an experience-based question
Punctuated equilibrium can occur in reaction to:
an inciting event innovation
Which of the following groups of applicants can be adversely affected by physical ability tests?
applicants with disabilities female applicants
OSHA assigned the Department of Labor with which of the following responsibilities?
applying health standards levying fines inspecting employers
The likely reason many managers doubt the effectiveness of performance appraisal systems is that ______.
appraisal systems are rarely modified
Which of the following is the best use of self-ratings?
as a way for the employee to prepare for a performance feedback session
Before a performance management system is implemented, an organization must first decide whom to use ______.
as the source of the performance measures
What is the term for a large group of selection programs that involves a number of methods to rate aspiring or current employees on their managerial potential?
assessment center
A norm is a(n) ______ shared by two or more people that guides behavior.
attitude feeling opinion
An approach to performance management that involves focusing on certain traits or characteristics possessed by individuals that are thought to be related to the company's success is known as the ______ approach.
attribute
An important factor in the perception of feedback is the fundamental ___ bias
attribution
Managers who attempt to define which behaviors employees have to exhibit in order to effectively complete their job are using the ___ approach to performance management.
behavioral
Effective performance evaluations systems should measure ______.
behaviors objectives
The general criteria for distributing rewards in organizations include which of the following?
behaviors such as teamwork or cooperation nonperformance factors such as seniority tangible outcomes of performance such as sales
The acceptability of a performance measure is determined, in part, by the extent to which the employees ______.
believe the performance management system is fair
Research suggests that selection interviews can be which of the following if they are not carried out correctly?
biased unreliable low in validity
An example of a pay for performance plan uses ______ to reward goal achievement.
bounses
Which conditions help make pay for performance effective?
calibrated performance measures that ensure accuracy using multiple measures of performance paying top performers much more than other employees
Which of the following are classes of physical ability tests?
cardiovascular endurance muscular endurance coordination
Coaching is a customized process between two or more people with the intention of enhancing learning and motivating ___
change
Which of the following are key elements to punctuated equilibrium?
change time
The Civil Rights Act was designed to ensure hiring would be based on which of the following?
character ability
Which of the following has improved the process of finding valid predictors of future job performance?
cloud-based data processing
A customized process between two or more people with the intention of enhancing learning and motivating change is
coaching
An individualized and customized form of performance management is known as ___
coaching
Tests that differentiate people on the basis of mental rather than physical capacities are known as ___ ability tests
cognitive
The "we feeling" that binds group members together is group
cohesiveness
The degree to which members feel part of the collective group is called group
cohesiveness.
A desired outcome of a good ___ system is to foster personal growth and development.
reward
In the discrimination case Dukes v. Walmart, lawyers for the plaintiff demonstrated that the ratio of women to men in the company's managerial group was much lower than what it was for their top 20 competitors. This statistic was part of a class-action ______ lawsuit.
pattern and practice
Compensation, such as bonuses, that is above and beyond basic salary is called ___ for performance
pay
When one set of numbers in a measurement goes up as another set of numbers goes down, the two sets of numbers exist in a ______. Multiple choice question.
perfect negative relationship
A process that defines expectations, evaluates performance against the expectations, and ensures consequences is ___ management
performance
Plans that outline exactly what the team is to do such as goal setting and defining member roles are team ___ strategies
performance
When a manager monitors, evaluates, and creates consequences for an employee's work so that it meets defined performance expectations, it is an example of:
performance management
Organizations use a process known as ______ to decide which applicants will or will not be allowed into the organization.
personnel selection
A role is a set of expected behaviors for a particular ___, while a ___ role is a set of expected behaviors for members of the group as a whole.
position, group
Strengthening a behavior by offering a pleasing reward is ___ reinforcement
positive
Rewarding employees who have perfect attendance records with a check for $100.00 is an example of:
positive reinforcement
The process of establishing an empirical relationship between pre-hire test scores and post-hire job performance is known as ______.
predictive validation
What elements need to be both monitored and evaluated when determining someone's performance?
progress toward the goal goal achievement
The performance management approach that involves a preventative approach to errors, continuous improvement, and a customer orientation is known as a(n) ______ approach.
quality
The measurement of person's speed and accuracy in solving arithmetic problems is called ______.
quantitative ability
When a benefit is contingent on an employee submitting to a sexual advance, it is known as ______. Multiple choice question.
quid pro quo harassment
What is the term for the practice of ranking the scores of different races or genders within their own groups rather than ranking all groups as a whole?
race norming
Which of the following are examples of comparative approaches?
ranking forced distribution paired comparison
Which of the following are among scholars' legal theories of discrimination?
reasonable accommodation disparate treatment disparate impact
The factors that affect perceptions of feedback include:
reasonable goals or standards fairness of the system accuracy of the feedback
Congress designed the Rehabilitation Act to encourage government contractors to do which of the following?
recruit qualified individuals with disabilities
When choosing measures of performance, which of the following criteria should be met?
relevancy accuracy
Consistency in performance and being free from random error is a measure of ______.
reliability
The degree to which a measure is free from random error defines its level of ______.
reliability
The personnel selection measure that is based on how consistent something is over time or over different contexts is called ______.
reliability
Which of the following are important criteria for evaluating a performance management system?
reliability acceptability specificity
Which of the following are generic selection standards used in deciding who will be allowed into organizations?
reliability legality validity
In order for a test to have validity, it must be ______.
reliable
The concept of reasonable accommodation was initially applied in cases of ______.
religious discrimination
Skinner labeled unlearned reflexes, or stimulus-response connections ___ behavior
respondent
Skinner concluded that behavior is:
respondent and operant
The ______ approach to performance management involves managing objective measures of outcomes of a job or work group.
results
Opponents of quota-like hiring systems argue that such systems limit the hiring of nonminority groups, namely whites and males, and therefore are a form of _____ discrimination
reverse
