Exam 2 Nutrition
an oil that is partially hydrogenated changes one or more of its double bond configuration from: a) "cis" to "trans" b) solid to liquid c) saturated to unsaturated d) none of the above
a) "cis" to "trans"
in the exchange system, a serving of grain/starch has ______ grams of carbohydrates? a) 15 b) 5 c) 8 d) 12
a) 15
looking at the lipid profile tests is it recommended that the Total Blood Cholesterol test be less than ________? a) 200 b) 100 c) 150 d) 50
a) 200
in a triglyceride containing 54 carbon atoms, how many can become part of glucose? a) 3 b) 9 c) 54 d) 57
a) 3
energy produced by the cell is collected in the form of: a) ATP b) fat c) glycogen d) acetyl CoA
a) ATP
what is the major energy carrier molecule in most cells (what energy do cells run on?) a) ATP b) glucose c) pyruvate d) kcalories
a) ATP
all of the following are functions of proteins EXCEPT: a) cushions organs b) enzymes c) antibodies d) hormones
a) cushions organs
after the first day or so of fasting, which of the following is most depleted by the body? a) glycogen b) fatty acids c) amino acids d) triglycerides
a) glycogen
what is the primary organ that converts fructose to glucose following absorption? a) liver b) pancreas c) gallbladder d) small intestines
a) liver
what is the primary (where it begins) absorption site for digestible carbohydrates a) mouth b) stomach c) small intestines d) large intestines
a) mouth
the body's need for water increases on a diet high in? a) protein b) carbohydrate c) saturated fat d) unsaturated fat
a) protein
glucose is converted to ______ in glycolysis. a) pyruvate b) acetyl CoA c) TCA cycle d) glycogen
a) pyruvate
excess of any of the macronutrients results in fat a) true b) false
a) true
in starvation there is a lack of appetite: a) true b) false
a) true
protein can be turned into fat but fat cannot be used to make protein a) true b) false
a) true
the pathway from pyruvate to acetyl CoA is irreversible a) true b) false
a) true
the typical American diet is high in protein a) true b) false
a) true
which of the following is NOT a possible fate of metabolized glucose? (think about this... what would carbs/glucose never be able to become?) a) urea b) glycogen c) ATP d) acetyl CoA
a) urea
indicates liver disease if the level of this i high (first step in deamination)
ammonia
a condition of protein malnutrition often seen in third world countries is known as: a) edema b) kwashiorkor c) marasmus d) homocystetine
b)
a serving of milk on the exchange system has how many grams of carbohydrates? a) 8 b) 12 c) 5 d) 3
b) 12
what is the recommended daily intake of total dietary fiber for healthy Americans? a) 10-15 g b) 20-35 g c) 40-50 g d) 55-70 g
b) 20-35 g
Mary Jane weighs 130 pounds. Her RDA for protein is: a) 59 grams b) 47 grams c) 130 grams d) 104 grams
b) 47 grams
the chemical structure of glucose is: a) 6 carbons 6 hydrogens 6 oxygen b) 6 carbons 12 hydrogens 6 oxygen c) 12 carbons 6 hydrogens 12 oxygen d) none of the above
b) 6 carbons 12 hydrogens 6 oxygen
normal fasting blood sugar (glucose) level is? a) 150-200 b) 70-100 c) 120-150 d) 100-150
b) 70-100
which of the following outlines the overall sequence of events in the complete oxidation of glucose? (remember the steps to Energy Metabolism... write them out and then think about this question... remember what I drew out on the board)... the sequence is important a) Cori Cycle, TCA cycle, Glycolysis b) Glycolysis, TCA cycle, Electron Transport Chain c) Electron Transport Chain, TCA Cycle, Cori Cycle d) TCA Cycle, Electron Transport Chain, Glycolysis
b) Glycolysis, TCA cycle, Electron Transport Chain
the production of glucose form glycerol backbone would be which of the following? a) an anabolic reaction b) a catabolic reaction
b) a catabolic reaction
amino acids make into protein is a ______ reaction. a) catabolic b) anabolic
b) anabolic
the pathway that can convert lactic acid back into glucose in the liver is called: a) glycolysis b) cori cycle c) beta oxidation d) the TCA cycle
b) cori cycle
all is true about saturated fats EXCEPT: a) solid at room temperature b) easily oxidized c) found in animal and dairy foods d) found in tropical oils
b) easily oxidized
in Type II Diabetes there is no production of insulin a) true b) false
b) false
the brain is energized on a low carbohydrate diet a) true b) false
b) false
which of the following is found in all three dietary dissarcharides? a) sucrose b) glucose c) fructose d) galactose
b) glucose
sucrose is made up of which two simple sugars? a) glucose + glucose b) glucose + fructose c) glucose + galactose d) glucose + glucose
b) glucose + fructose
the effect of a food on the blood sugar is known as _______ a) gluconeogeneis b) glycemic index c) carbohydrate counting d) glycolysis
b) glycemic index
Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of Cholesterol and this increases the risk for heart disease? a) chylomicron b) low-density lipoprotein c) high-density lipoprotein d) very-low-density lipoprotein
b) low-density lipoprotein
the TCA cycle occurs in which part of the cell: a) cytoplasm b) mitochondria c) nucleus d) cell membrane
b) mitochondria
an aerobic reaction is one that requires? a) alcohol b) oxygen c) nitrogen d) ammonia
b) oxygen
which part of the cell is the protein making machinery? a) nucleus b) ribosomes c) cytoplasm d) mRNA
b) ribosomes
the digestion of protein begins in which part of the GI tract? a) mouth b) stomach c) small intestine d) large intestine
b) stomach
a protein catalyst that speeds up digestion
enzymes
making glucose from non-carbohydrate source
gluconeogenesis
storage form of glucose
glycogen
breaking glucose into pyruvate
glycolysis
protein and kcal malfunction
marasmus
product of amino acid breakdown and excreted by the kidney
urea
in protein synthesis which part of the cell creates the order or the template for the protein to be made? a) tRNA b) mRNA c) DNA d) ribosomes
c) DNA
fats, carbs, and proteins are all broken down to ________ and can then enter the TCA cycle of turn into fat. a) glucose b) pyruvate c) acetyl CoA d) glycogen
c) acetyl CoA
which of the following is NOT true about glycolysis: a) reversible b) generates some ATP c) aerobic d) anaerobic
c) aerobic
the formation of glycogen from glucose is an example of? a) oxidation b) glycolysis c) anabolism d) catabolism
c) anabolism
which of the following food proteins has the best assortment of essential amino acids for the human body? (hint: the reference protein) a) corn b) rice c) egg d) gelatin
c) egg
the nutrients a vegan needs to be concerned about in their diet are all of the following except? a) calcium b) B12 c) fat d) iron
c) fat
when blood glucose levels begin to fall the pancreas secretes which hormone? a) insulin b) glycogen c) glucagon d) epinephrine
c) glucagon
a LOW risk of cardiovascular disease with HIGH blood levels of: a) triglycerides b) free fatty acids c) high density lipoproteins d) very low density lipoproteins
c) high density lipoproteins
how is soluble fiber in the diet thought to help lower blood cholesterol level? a) it denatures cholesterol in the stomach b) it traps cholesterol in the intestinal tract and thus inhibits its absorption c) it enhances excretion of bile leading to increased cholesterol turnover d) none of the above
c) it enhances excretion of bile leading to increased cholesterol turnover
gives amino acids its uniqueness and proteins their shape a) acid group b) nitrogen c) side group d) amino group
c) side group
what if the process whereby an amino group is combined with a keto acid to form an amino acid? (basically taking the amino group (or nitrogen) from one amino acid and using it to make another or TRANSFERRING it to another amino acid) a) deamination b) ureagenesis c) transamination d) ammoniogenesis
c) transamination
on the exchange system, one serving of vegetables contains how many grams of carbohydrates a) 12 b) 15 c) 10 d) 5
d) 5
complementing proteins is important when a vegan. Which of the following shows this dietary principle? a) rice and beans b) peanut butter sandwich c) lima beans and corn d) all of the above
d) all of the above
inadequate protein in the diet can lead to a protein deficiency which results in: a) growth retardation b) loss of muscle tissue c) edema d) all of the above
d) all of the above
what can happen if you eat excess protein? a) dehydration b) excess loss of calcium c) heart disease d) all of the above
d) all of the above
which of the following is a function of the liver? a) converts fructose to glucose b) synthesis of urea c) synthesis of ammonia d) all of the above
d) all of the above
which of the following dietary nutrients would most rapidly reverse a state of Ketosis in a starving person a) fat b) protein c) amino acids d) carbohydrates
d) carbohydrates
what is the reaction that LINKS two monosaccharides TOGETHER? a) hydrolysis b) absorption c) disaccharide d) condensation
d) condensation
which of the following is NOT considered to be a source of high quality in human nutrition? a) egg b) fish c) soy d) corn
d) corn
A mono of poly unsaturated fatty acid have _________ a) double bonds between adjacent hydrogens which are lacking in saturated fatty acids b) more hydrogen atoms than saturated fatty acids of the same length c) more carbon than saturated fatty acids d) double bonds between adjacent carbines which are lacking in saturated fatty acids
d) double bonds between adjacent carbines which are lacking in saturated fatty acids
in the exchange system, which of the following does not contain carbs? a) vegetables and fruit b) fruits and fats c) grains and fruits d) fats and meats
d) fats and meats
all of the following can be turned into pyruvate EXCEPT: a) glycerol b) 3 carbon amino acid c) glucose d) fatty acids
d) fatty acids
protein sparing in the body is best achieved under which of the following circumstances? a) ingesting proteins of plant origin only b) ingesting proteins of animal source only c) ingesting mixed protein sources on alternate days d) ingesting adequate levels of carbohydrates, fat and kcal
d) ingesting adequate levels of carbohydrates, fat and kcal
what would be the usual state of nitrogen balance for someone who is in starvation mode? a) equilibrium b) metabolic c) positive d) negative
d) negative
which part of a triglyceride can be converted to glucose? a) all of it b) none of it c just the fatty parts d) only the glycerol backbone
d) only the glycerol backbone
what element is found primarily in proteins but not in carbohydrates and fats? a) carbon b) oxygen c) calcium d) nitrogen
d) oxygen
made when not enough carbs are in the diet
ketones
oil high in monounsaturated fat
olive
oil high in saturated fat
palm