Exam 2: Phonation
Each of the following are joints within the laryngeal mechanism: A. Cricothyroid joint C. Thryroarytenoid joint B. Cricoarytenoid joint A and B A and C
A and B
Identify structure (D) on the image below:
Arytenoid
Which of the following is a biological function of the larynx? C, D, E B, C, D, E B. Thoracic fixation C. Swallowing D. Breathing A, B, C, D, E E. Coughing A. Phonation
B, C, D, E
Identify structure (E) on the image below:
Cricoid
The muscle (in red) is important for what specific function? Vibrating the vocal folds Elevating the laryngeal complex Depressing the laryngeal complex Relaxing the vocal folds None of the above are true
Elevating the laryngeal complex
All of the following affect the fundamental frequency of the vocal folds except?
Endoscopy
Identify structure (B) on the image below:
Epiglottis
Both the epiglottis and the thyroid cartilage are essential structures for phonation. True/False
False
The anterior digastric muscle is an intrinsic muscle of the larynx with a point of attachment on the hyoid bone. True/False
False
The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle is important for position and support of the larynx. True/False
False
The omohyoid muscle is an extrinsic suprahyoid muscle. True/False
False
The perceptual correlate of intensity is pitch. Trus/False
False
According to the myoelastic aerodynamic theory of voice production, each opening and closing of the vocal folds is due to separate nerve firing and muscle contraction. True/False
False That's neurochronaxic theory
Label the muscle depicted in the image in red (labeled "A").
Geniohyoid
Identify structure (A) on the image below:
Hyoid Bone
Put the following statements in the correct order (first to last, 1-5) describing the initiation of phonation:
Intrinsic laryngeal muscles contract the arytenoids/vocal folds Subglottal pressure builds up Phonation threshold pressure is reached Vocal folds are blown apart Bernouilli principal and elasticity bring vocal folds together
Which of the following consists only of muscles used in adduction: Transverse, vertical, oblique Oblique interarytenoid, tranverse interarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid Thyrovocalis, thyromuscularis, cricothyroid, mylohyoid None of the above Thyroarytenoid, interarytenoid, posterior cricoarytenoid, cricothyroid
Oblique interarytenoid, tranverse interarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid
Which of the following consist of only extrinsic infrahyoid muscles? Digastric, thyroarytenoid, geniohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid Omohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid Digastric, omohyoid, mylohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid Omohyoid, thyroarytenoid, thyrohyoid, geniohyoid, sternohyoid
Omohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid, sternohyoid
Lowering the pitch of your voice involves ___________ the vocal folds. Relaxing Abducting Adducting Tensing
Relaxing
What is the space beneath the vocal folds extending to the first tracheal ring? Glottal space False vocal folds Subglottal space Supraglottal space
Subglottal space
Identify structure (C) on the image below:
Thyroid
The rocking motion of the __________ cartilage relative to the __________ cartilage can increase pitch. Thyroid and corniculate Cricoid and corniculate Thyroid and cricoid Thyroid and arytenoid
Thyroid and corniculate Cricoid and corniculate Thyroid and cricoid Thyroid and arytenoid
The anterior portion of the vocal folds attaches to the ________ cartilage(s) and the posterior portion attaches to the arytenoid cartilages at the _________: Arytenoid; muscular process Cricoid; vocal process Thyroid; PCA Thyroid; muscular process Thyroid; vocal process
Thyroid; vocal process
Which layer of the vocal fold is active (as opposed to passive)?
Thyrovocalis
As mass per unit (or mass) increases, stiffness increases, and fundamental frequency decreases. True/False
True
Flexible laryngoscopy allows for assessment of laryngeal function during conversational speech. True/False
True
The posterior cricoarytenoid muscle has an attachment at the muscular process of the arytenoid. True/False
True
Using a strobe light during laryngoscopy allows for visualization of the vocal folds in motion. True/False
True
Which of the following vocal fold configurations would have a larger glottis? Vocal folds fully abducted Vocal folds fully adducted
Vocal folds fully abducted
____________________ and _____________________ are TWO subjective descriptive measures of phonation.
breathy and rough
On average, the female voice's fundamental frequency during reading is:
120-275 Hz
A person makes the following group of phonations: ah, ah, ah, ah, ah (note: Each separation with a comma indicates a separate 'ah.') For this example, how many times are the vocal folds adducted using a muscle contraction?
5
