Exam 2
Olu is hiking in the woods when he comes across a bear. What part of the nervous system is coordinating his body as he decides whether he stay or should run away from the bear?
sympathetic nervous system
Jane's grandmother was recently diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Jane did some research so that she could help her grandmother better understand this disease. In her research, Jane found that Alzheimer's disease involves the deterioration of neurons that produce:
Acetylcholine
Some friends get a new video game in which they have to remember the locations of many hidden enemies and weapons. They each spend about three hours playing the game. Which statement is true?
All of them will have at least tiny structural changes in their brains.
According to the Science versus Pseudoscience box in the textbook, which statement is NOT a brain myth?
Multiple brain areas are involved in simple tasks such as speaking, listening to music, or looking at a checkerboard pattern.
Salim is listening to his doctor while he is getting a brain scan with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The area of his brain MOST likely to be active is:
Wernicke's area.
Aimee can hit a golf ball in what looked like one effortless and smooth movement. The part of the hindbrain MOST associated with this highly coordinated motion is called the:
cerebellum
Denton can pitch a baseball in what looks like one effortless and smooth movement. What part of the hindbrain is MOST associated with this highly coordinated motion?
cerebellum
Ever since overcoming a brain disease, Kim has had trouble typing on the computer. Which of Kim's brain areas was MOST likely damaged?
cerebellum
A basketball star's ability to dribble the ball down the court, jump up toward the basket, and dunk the basketball can be credited to an area of the hindbrain called the:
cerebellum.
After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira has difficulty walking in a smooth, coordinated manner. It is likely that she has suffered damage to her:
cerebellum.
Nancy suffers from severe epilepsy that has not responded to any treatment. As a final resort, her doctor operates on her brain and surgically cuts her:
corpus callosum.
The idea that specific mental and psychological functions are located in specific brain areas is called:
cortical localization.
Jack is a split-brain patient and he is presented with a picture of a phone on the left side of a computer screen and a picture of a cake on the right side. If he were asked to draw the object he saw on the right side of the screen with his left hand, he:
could not draw anything.
Timmy is a split-brain patient and he is presented with a picture of a phone on the left side of a computer screen and a picture of a cake on the right side. If he were asked to say what object he saw on the left side of the screen, he:
could not verbalize that he saw anything.
First used by South American Indians for hunting, _____ was briefly used in surgeries because of its acetylcholine-blocking properties.
curare
Abdul is running a marathon, and after 15 miles he doesn't think he can take it anymore. Just as he is about to give up, the pain suddenly subsides, and he feels much better and motivated to run the rest of the race. Abdul is most likely feeling the effects of which neurotransmitter?
endorphins
Azeeza has just finished running a very tough marathon, and she feels elated. One cause of her "runner's high" may be abnormally high levels of chemical substances in her brain called:
endorphins
Francine has tried everything to relieve her back pain, from changing her sleeping positions to prescription pain relievers. She recently started acupuncture and has noticed that it relieves her symptoms. The positive effects of acupuncture are likely due to the release of:
endorphins
Nazarena has an appointment to see Dr. Friar, who is a specialist at using brain imaging. Nazarena's non-invasive brain scan will involve her lying in a scanner while electromagnetic signals track changes in her brain's blood flow and metabolic activity. Based on this information, it can be concluded that Nazarena will undergo a(n) ____.
fMRI
Henry has been involved in a motor vehicle accident. There has been significant damage to his hindbrain. It is likely that Henry is:
fighting for his life.
Henry is extremely skilled at mathematics and can perform very complex calculations in his head. His _____is the area of the brain that allows Henry to do this.
forebrain
Which major area of the brain controls complex cognitive, emotional, sensory, and motor functions?
forebrain
Danita recently was in a car accident and afterward developed impairment in making ethical decisions and formulating values. She MOST likely suffered damage to the _____ lobe.
frontal
Which area of the brain sets humans apart from other animals?
frontal lobe
Dr. Snell studies the part of the brain that is active when people are lying. She asks half of her participants to tell the truth about an event from their childhoods and half to tell a lie about an event from their childhoods. She wants to use the least invasive method of brain imaging that will show activity in the brain. Which brain imaging technique should she employ in order to detect which brain areas are active when the participants are lying?
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Rachel's grandmother is a highly educated 82-year-old woman suffering from Alzheimer's disease. She is likely to fare better in terms of her symptoms than a less educated person with this illness because she:
has more synaptic connections.
Research has shown that the human brain:
has the capacity to generate new neurons in adulthood.
Patricia just began teaching a class and is trying to memorize the names of her students. Her ability to store these in memory will rely on the work of her:
hippocampus.
Lately, Kenneth has not been eating or drinking very much because he never feels hungry or thirsty. It is possible that Kenneth is having a problem with his:
hypothalamus.
If researchers electrically stimulate the reticular formation in a sleeping cat, it is most likely that the cat will:
instantly awaken and be fully alert.
Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
language sounds.
Terry is a split-brain patient. The _____ hemisphere of his brain is MOST likely to control his logical behavior.
left
A right-handed patient is asked to recline on the operating table with both arms extended upward while reciting the alphabet aloud. As a researcher anesthetizes the patient's entire right hemisphere, it is most probable that the patient's:
left arm will fall limp, but she will continue saying the alphabet.
Sharon's car accident was both emotionally and physically traumatic. She developed Broca's aphasia, which left her without the ability to express herself linguistically, because of damage to her:
left frontal lobe.
Jerry is a split-brain patient. Which part of his brain is MOST likely to control his logical behavior?
left hemisphere
Anytime Rachel remembers the date she had the other night, she feels very excited and happy. Which component of the brain is primarily responsible for her memory and feelings?
limbic system
Francisco is a long-distance runner, and it is important for his vital organs and function such as breathing to be well-coordinated. The structure in the hindbrain called the _____ keeps these synchronized to help him function as a successful runner.
medulla
The _____ is responsible for heartbeat and breathing.
medulla
Teresa and Yuko are quizzing each other before their psychology exam on the physiology of the brain. Yuko asks Teresa to name the two parts of the brainstem. Teresa correctly names the hindbrain and the:
midbrain
Vijay has problems orienting to sounds. For example, he cannot tell whether music is coming from the television on one side of the room or from the stereo on the other side of the room. What area of Vijay's central nervous system is likely malfunctioning?
midbrain
Which major area of the brain deals with orienting a person toward or away from pleasurable or threatening stimuli?
midbrain
Matthias, an 8-year-old boy, is having a functional MRI to examine whether activity in his hippocampus may be influencing his learning disabilities. His parents are concerned about how this procedure may affect their son. If you were Matthias's psychologist, you would explain to his parents that the functional MRI is:
more advantageous than other technologies because it is noninvasive, produces sharper images, and can be repeated.
What characteristics would one see in a pet rat's brain if one raised him in an enriched environment, as opposed to in a deprived environment?
more synapses
Dr. Gadhuri studies the physiology of the brain but spends little time looking at behavior. Dr. Gadhuri is MOST likely a:
neuroscientist
Natalie gets nervous when she is home alone and always feels as though she is hearing things in the apartment. Natalie's increased awareness of her immediate environment is likely caused by the neurotransmitter:
norepinephrine
Clarita fell off of a ladder and hit the back of her head, which caused partial blindness. She MOST likely suffered damage to her _____ lobe.
occipital
If a neuron was compared with a prison, the sodium ions could be compared with the _____ when the neuron is at the resting potential.
prisoners
The parietal lobe:
processes information about touch
If a normal, right-handed individual sustained severe damage to the right cerebral hemisphere, this would most likely reduce a number of abilities. However, damage to the right hemisphere is NOT likely to affect his or her ability to:
produce and understand written and spoken language.
Picking up a cup of coffee from a table is possible because of the:
somatic nervous system
The occipital lobe is to _____ as the parietal lobe is to _____.
vision;touch
Marcus lost his little finger in a fishing accident. If his brain demonstrates plasticity following the amputation, what is likely to occur? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Brain areas adjacent to those responsible for his little finger will take over different functions.
A male patient comes into a speech therapist's office and cannot articulate words or create fluent sentences. The therapist suspects that he has the brain disorder known as _____ aphasia.
Broca's
A male patient comes into a speech therapist's office and cannot articulate words or create fluent sentences. The therapist suspects that he has the brain disorder known as _____ aphasia. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished.
Broca's
As a result of a stroke, 85-year-old Mrs. Stanley suffered brain damage. While she is no longer able to speak, she can understand what is being said to her. Mrs. Stanley suffers from _____ aphasia.
Broca's
As a result of a stroke, 85-year-old Mrs. Stanley suffered brain damage. While she is no longer able to speak, she can understand what is being said to her. Mrs. Stanley suffers from _____ aphasia. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished.
Broca's
A female patient comes into a doctor's office and cannot articulate words or create fluent sentences.. Which brain disorder would the doctor think the woman has? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Broca's aphasia
As a result of a stroke, 75-year-old Mrs. Yee suffered brain damage. While she is no longer able to speak, she can understand what is being said to her. Mrs. Yee suffers from:
Broca's aphasia.
Suzie is talking to her doctor while she is getting a brain scan with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Which area of her brain is MOST likely active?
Broca's area
Bailey's doctor has scheduled her for a scan to look only at her brain structure (soft tissue). In meeting with her the morning of the scan, her doctor explains to her that this will be a noninvasive procedure, during which Bailey will lie inside a magnetic tube and receive powerful but harmless magnetic fields to her brain. Bailey is scheduled to receive a(n):
MRI
Marla's doctor has scheduled her for a scan to image only her brain structure (soft tissue). In meeting with her the morning of the scan, her doctor explains to her that this will be a noninvasive procedure, during which Marla will lie inside a magnetic tube and receive powerful but harmless magnetic fields to her brain. Marla is scheduled to receive a(n) _____.
MRI
Marla's doctor has scheduled her for a scan to image only her brain structure (soft tissue). In meeting with her the morning of the scan, her doctor explains to her that this will be a noninvasive procedure, during which Marla will lie inside a magnetic tube and receive powerful but harmless magnetic fields to her brain. Marla is scheduled to receive a(n) _____. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished.
MRI
Juan was injured in a car accident and lost consciousness for 10 minutes. He sustained numerous lacerations, a right femoral contusion, and had a large open wound on his head. When he arrived at the emergency department, the attending physician immediately ordered a(n) _____ to rule out any soft-tissue damage to the brain.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI
In which situation does the phenomenon of plasticity best apply? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Recovery in someone whose motor cortex has been damaged in a stroke
As a result of a stroke, Mr. Barry can no longer understand what he reads or what is being said to him, and he often has trouble finding the right words when he tries to speak. Mr. Barry suffers from _____ aphasia.
Wernicke's
As a result of a stroke, Mr. Nelson can no longer understand what he reads or what is being said to him, and he often has trouble finding the right words when he tries to speak. Mr. Nelson suffers from:
Wernicke's aphasia.
In which part of the brain would a lesion MOST likely result in a disruption of language comprehension and expression?
Wernicke's area
In his research on the limbic system, Dr. Harrington electrically stimulates the _____ of cats and then measures their rage and fear reactions.
amygdala
Shane is terrified of snakes. As he is walking down the street, he sees a stick that looks somewhat like a snake. He is immediately frightened, even though he knows what he sees is only a stick. An area of the brain called the _____ is responsible for Shane's reaction.
amygdala
Since a cat is a mouse's natural predator, if a cat is introduced into the mouse's cage, but the mouse does not exhibit any fear, there is a good chance the mouse has experienced damage to or loss of its:
amygdala.
Because of an automobile accident, Jenny suffered damage to her cerebral cortex in Broca's area. As a result, Jenny is MOST apt to experience _____.
aphasia
Because of an automobile accident, Jenny suffered damage to her cerebral cortex in Broca's area. As a result, Jenny is MOST apt to experience _____. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished.
aphasia
A woman is working at a rehabilitation center. She is on a unit that specializes in treating patients who have experienced a type of brain damage that causes them to be unable to articulate ideas or understand spoken or written language. She is working with patients who have:
aphasia.
Bob does NOT have voluntary control over the _____; he does have voluntary control over the _____.
autonomic nervous system; somatic nervous system
Katie has a rare neurological disease in which her neurons can receive new information and process it, but some of them just cannot pass the information along. This disease likely affects the _____ of the neuron.
axon
Chelsea was hit in the back of the head by a falling tree branch. At the hospital she had difficulty coordinating her movements. The hospital physician concluded that Chelsea has likely experienced damage to her:
cerebellum.
Ever since having a brain disease, Chung has trouble coordinating movements such as walking and balancing his body. The area of Chung's brain MOST likely damaged was the:
cerebellum.
One afternoon, a man stumbles into the emergency department, having great difficulty coordinating his movements. A physician performs a toxicology test and "rules out" intoxication. This leaves the physician to conclude that this man may have experienced damage to his:
cerebellum.
Natasha is watching a movie. Right now her brain is:
coordinating information among many areas.
Dr. Hauser is a neurosurgeon working with patients who have major epileptic seizures. If no medication helps them, which part of the brain might Dr. Hauser sever to help reduce her patients' seizures?
corpus callosum
Jacob has severe epilepsy and his neurosurgeon is recommending a surgery in which the connection between the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex will be severed. Jacob's surgeon is suggesting severing the:
corpus callosum.
Davis has an appointment to see Dr. Myers, who is a specialist at using brain imaging. Davis's non-invasive brain scan will involve lying in a scanner while electromagnetic signals track changes in his brain's blood flow and metabolic activity. Based on this information, it can be concluded that Davis will undergo a(n):
fMRI
If a researcher is interested in using an imaging technique to measure both the structure and function of the brain, which techniques would you recommend to her?
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Benjamin and Sam are quizzing each other before their psychology exam on the physiology of the brain. Sam asks Benjamin to name the two parts of the brainstem. He correctly names the ____ and the midbrain.
hindbrain
With a name that means "border," the _____ is a brain structure involved in learning, memory, and emotional control, and forms a sort of border around the brainstem.
limbic system
If researchers destroy or lesion the amygdala of a timid cat, it is likely that the cat will:
lose its timidity and fearfulness.
Margarita was injured in a car accident and lost consciousness for 10 minutes. She sustained numerous lacerations, a right femoral contusion, and had a large open wound on her head. When she arrived at the emergency department, the attending physician immediately ordered a neuroimaging technique called _____ to rule out any soft tissue damage to the brain.
magnetic resonance imaging MRI
Darius was involved in a bar fight and sustained a blow to the back of the head from someone's elbow. He was dazed and could not see for about two minutes. The part of his brain affected was the _____ lobe.
occipital
Having received a blow to his _____ lobe in a recent skiing accident, James has experienced vision deficits.
occipital
Ralph was involved in a bar fight and sustained a blow to the back of the head from a beer bottle. He was dazed and could not see for about two minutes. Which of his lobe was affected?
occipital
The successful functioning of children who have experienced the surgical removal of one half of the cerebral hemisphere best illustrates the value of _____.
plasticity
The successful functioning of children who have experienced the surgical removal of one half of the cerebral hemisphere best illustrates the value of _____. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished.
plasticity
Jayden damaged his motor cortex during a car accident, but over time, part of the frontal lobe nearby began to coordinate some muscle movements. This example illustrates brain:
plasticity.
Two-year-old Mycala had surgery to remove her right cerebral cortex because she had a life-threatening case of epilepsy. After physical therapy she recovered her ability to move the left side of her body, which was controlled by the right cerebral cortex. This recovered ability was due to the left cerebral cortex taking on this function. This example illustrates:
plasticity.
After Eduardo's serious skiing accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebellum. Eduardo is MOST likely to have trouble:
playing tennis, typing, and walking with a smooth gait.
The original study of the effects that a deprived or enriched environment had on the brain was conducted with:
rats
In a typical test situation with a split-brain patient, a picture of an apple is briefly presented to the right of the center point. If the patient is asked to name the object, she will:
report that she saw an apple.
The small cluster of neurons called the _____ regulates sleep, wakefulness, and levels of arousal.
reticular formation
In the past month, Tommy has had trouble sleeping and never gets excited about things anymore. He was recently in a car accident, and based on his behavior, it is possible that he may have suffered damage to his:
reticular formation.
The occipital lobe is to _____ as the temporal lobe is to _____.
seeing;hearing
Sarah just learned to juggle. Before and after images of her brain showed a 3 percent increase in the size of a few specific brain regions. This is known as:
structural plasticity.
Dr. Render is a neuropsychologist who works with patients who have had their corpus callosum surgically severed to reduce severe seizures. When she presents the word "SAL-TED" to one patient, "SAL" transmits to his left visual field and "TED" to his right visual field. She then asks him to tell her what he saw. What does this patient say?
ted
After a construction accident, Jared was left without the ability to comprehend and express language because of damage sustained in his:
temporal lobe
In some psychology experiments, participants are presented with conflicting visual and audio information. In these cases, an area of the brain called the _____ gives more or less weight to these signals, determining which information overrides the other.
thalamus
Which brain area is MOST like a post office, receiving and distributing information to the rest of the brain?
thalamus
Studies in adult humans have shown that new neurons continue to be generated in the hippocampus, even late in life. This is important because the hippocampus is involved in:
the ability to form new memories.
When Dr. Maxwell electrically stimulated a specific area of a patient's right cerebral hemisphere, the patient's left hand twitched. The part of the cortex that was stimulated was:
the primary motor cortex.
A split-brain patient is shown a picture of a dog on the left side of a computer screen and a picture of a tree on the right side of a computer screen. When asked to say what object he saw, he will report _____ and, when asked to use his right hand to draw the object he saw, he will draw a picture of a _____.
tree;tree
As a result of damage to his Wernicke's area, Larry is unable to _____, but is still able to _____, albeit not always clearly.
understand speech; speak
Michael has a fear of flying. His psychiatrist prescribed Valium to calm him down during flights. Valium works by increasing the activity of the neurotransmitter _____, which inhibits action potentials and slows brain activity.
GABA
Five-year-old Janna watches her brother throw a baseball. In her brain _____ would respond as if she were throwing the baseball herself.
Mirror neurons
Mrs. Danvers has multiple sclerosis (MS). She experiences muscle weakness, loss of coordination and speech, and visual disturbances that result from the slowdown or interruption of neural transmission. The cause of these symptoms probably involves the degeneration of her:
Myelin Sheath
In which situation does the phenomenon of plasticity best apply?
Recovery in someone whose motor cortex has been damaged in a stroke
If a neuron was compared with a prison, the _____ could be compared with the prisoners when the neuron is at the resting potential.
Sodium ions
The term "plasticity" refers to the:
ability of the cortex to adapt to change.
Milton has been having considerable trouble with his short-term memory. His family has noticed that Milton has been making a number of mistakes (e.g., leaving doors unlocked, getting lost in the neighborhood, forgetting family member's names). It appears that his _____-producing neurons are deteriorating.
acetylcholine
If the neurotransmitter dopamine is released into the synapse, and the receiving dendrites have dopamine and serotonin receptors, the dopamine:
can bind only to the dopamine receptors
Drugs can specifically target certain behaviors because neurons:
communicate along certain pathways and have specific receptor sites for different neurotransmitters.
In his medical practice, Dr. Setiadi uses acupuncture, an ancient Chinese procedure, which involves inserting needles at various points in the body. This painkilling technique is assumed to involve the production of _____ by the brain.
endorphins
Nicole went to the doctor because she suffered a seizure while she was at work. She was happy to hear the doctor tell her that the seizure came from too much of the neurotransmitter(s) _____, and not from a particular brain area.
glutamate
The _____, also known as the sex organs, secrete the hormones estrogen and testosterone.
gonads
Before the mid-1960s neuroscientists and the public believed that the adult brain was: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
hard-wired or fixed for life.
A boss tells an employee some disturbing news. This is followed by a meeting that distracts the employee from the disturbing news. After the meeting, the employee has a vague feeling that something is not quite right, but cannot pinpoint what it is. It is likely a reaction to the continued effect of:
hormones
Gye-Min was so engrossed in studying for his upcoming midterm exam that he did not notice how hungry and thirsty he was until his stomach started growling. The brain structure responsible for regulating behavior related to survival, such as hunger and thirst, is called the _____ and is part of the _____ system.
hypothalamus; limbic
Paul Broca's patient had damage to a small part of the left frontal lobe and showed:
impairments in speech production but not in language comprehension.
Carla has been given an antidepression medication known as Prozac. A medication such as Prozac is effective because it _____ of the neurotransmitter serotonin.
inhibits reuptake
Jackie loves it when her boyfriend lightly caresses her hand as opposed to her arm because she feels much more sensation in her hand. She has more sensitivity in her hand because:
more of her somatosensory cortex is devoted to her hand.
Mr. Randolph is experiencing muscle weakness, loss of coordination and speech, and visual disturbances that result from the slowdown or interruption of neural transmission. The cause of these symptoms probably involves the degeneration of his myelin sheath. Mr. Randolph likely has:
multiple sclerosis
Victor is very cognitively inclined and loves to challenge his mind with new tasks. The components of his brain that process information in these tasks are his:
neurons
A man has a stroke and is fine except for a lot of weakness in his left leg. The stroke occurred on the:
right side of his brain
Hannah is suffering from depression and has received a prescription for an antidepressant. It is likely that she needs more of the neurotransmitter known as:
serotonin
When someone turns the pages of a book, uses a pen to take notes, or lifts an arm, these actions are possible because of the:
somatic nervous system
Rochelle has to walk down a dark alley to get to her house. One night, a cat knocks over a trash can as Rochelle walks by, startling her. Which division of her nervous system is MOST likely activated?
sympathetic
A child staying with his grandparents wakes them up to say he heard a loud noise. As the grandparents investigate, they experience dry mouth, sweating, and racing hearts. Which nervous system has been activated? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
sympathetic nervous system
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit information across the _____ to dendrites on the receiving neuron.
synapse
The production and transmission of hormones in the endocrine system is MOST similar to which scenario?
A text message is sent to a friend who shows it to a third party and reacts to it.
Herbert has been having considerable trouble with his short-term memory. His family has noticed a number of mistakes Herbert has been making (e.g., leaving doors unlocked, getting lost in the neighborhood, forgetting family member's names). It is likely that Herbert has a reduced level of acetylcholine and may be showing the symptoms of: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Alzheimer's disease.
Since a snake is a monkey's natural predator, if a snake is introduced into the monkey's cage, but the monkey does not exhibit any fear, there is a good chance the monkey has experienced damage to or loss of its:
amygdala.
In an effort to relax after a stress-filled week, Joanne has a couple of glasses of wine, and her co-worker Jim takes a Valium. Both alcohol and Valium work by increasing the activity of the neurotransmitter _____, which inhibits action potentials and slows brain activity.
GABA
Jaquan suffers from epilepsy because of too much glutamate might be prescribed a drug containing _____because this type of neurotransmitter inhibits information transmission.
GABA
Tyler has been diagnosed with a disease that involves deterioration of the myelin sheath. As the disease progresses, he begins to have trouble with his coordination. This is caused by:
His neurons communication slowly and inefficiently
Marlee has just been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). As the disease progresses, communication to some of her muscles may slow down, and she could lose some muscle control as a result of the degeneration of the: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Myelin sheath
Emil has played the piano for many years. What is MOST likely true about Emil's brain?
The brain area responsible for sensation and motor control of his hands is larger than normal.
A child touches his index finger to a hot pan. He pulls his finger away quickly, and a few seconds later begins to scream. Why is his screaming delayed in comparison to pulling away his finger?
The hand-withdrawal reflex involves only the spinal cord, but it takes time for the information about pain to reach the brain and produce an emotional response.
Harry has been having problems eating lately and his doctor thinks it is likely because the neurotransmitter that regulates this behavior is probably not performing properly. If the doctor wants to increase the activity of this neurotransmitter, he will MOST likely prescribe Harry a drug that acts as a(n):
agonist
There is a dance event going on with students attending from two different elementary schools. Students from one school are wearing purple shirts and students from the other school are wearing silver shirts. Imagine that the students in the purple represent potassium ions and the students in silver represent sodium ions, while the gymnasium represents the neuron. If their distribution is similar to what occurs during the resting potential for a neuron, which students would be more highly concentrated inside the building?
The students in the purple shirts would be more highly concentrated.
There is a dance event going on with students attending from two different elementary schools. Students from one school are wearing purple shirts and students from the other school are wearing silver shirts. Imagine that the students in the purple represent potassium ions and the students in silver represent sodium ions, while the gymnasium represents the neuron. If their distribution is similar to what occurs at the resting potential for a neuron, which students would be moving in and out through the gym doors MOST often?
The students in the purple shirts would be moving through the doors most often.
Carrying too many things in a grocery store leads to a jar of pickles being dropped on the floor. As the glass breaks, the fear response is activated, the _____ gland has pumped epinephrine through the bloodstream.
adrenal
Patrick's parents have left him at home by himself for the first time. Just after he goes to bed, he hears the doorbell ring. He is not expecting a visitor. His first thought is whether all the doors are locked. His heart is beating fast. Patrick's sympathetic nervous system has now stimulated his _____, which will produce hormones involved in his stress response.
adrenal gland
As a firefighter awakens in the middle of the night to the sound of an alarm, her _____ have released epinephrine and norepinephrine.
adrenal glands
As a firefighter awakens in the middle of the night to the sound of an alarm, his _____ have released epinephrine and norepinephrine.
adrenal glands
When Zeke was faced with taking his medical board exams he was totally stressed out. The particular gland(s) in his endocrine system likely to be stimulated in response to this stress are his:
adrenal glands
Donna has been suffering from depression. Her psychiatrist prescribes Prozac, which works by blocking the reuptake of serotonin, thus increasing the amount of serotonin in her brain. Prozac works as a(n):
agonist
Mark has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His psychiatrist suspects that his condition is caused by an excessive amount of dopamine in various regions of the brain. He prescribes an antipsychotic drug that will reduce his symptoms by reducing the amount of dopamine in his brain. This drug is likely a(n) _____ for dopamine.
antagonist
The sympathetic nervous system is to _____ as the parasympathetic nervous system is to _____.
arousal;calming
If a picture of a hammer is flashed to the left of the midpoint during an experiment with a split-brain patient, and the patient is asked to indicate what she saw, the patient will:
be unable to verbally report what she saw.
A hunter in a South American jungle uses the poisonous drug curare on the tip of his arrow. When the arrow strikes an animal, the animal becomes almost instantly limp and quickly suffocates because its respiratory system has become paralyzed. The drug has _____ the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
blocked the receptors for
Jayden damaged his motor cortex in a car accident, but over time, part of his frontal lobe cortex began to coordinate some muscle movements. This is an example of:
brain plasticity.
Information is transmitted inside the neuron as a(n)_____ signal, and information transmission between neurons is almost always a(n)_____ signal.
electrical; chemical
Terry is riding his bicycle across a crosswalk when a car races toward him. Realizing that the car is not going to stop, Terry hits his brakes just in time. His heart is racing and it takes him about 15 minutes to fully recover from the experience. His response demonstrates the importance of the hormones _____ and _____ in the nervous system.
epinephrine; norepinephrine
Manny has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His psychologist believes that Manny's hallucinations and perceptual distortions may be caused in part by _____ amounts of the neurotransmitter _____.
excessive; dopamine
Dr. Reynolds is studying how memories are stored in the brain. Dr. Reynolds is MOST likely a:
neuroscientist
Emily floats a note across a river to Dylan instead of directly passing it from her hand to Dylan's hand. If, in this scenario, the river represents the synapse, which component of the scenario represents the neurotransmitter?
note
A woman is startled awake in the middle of the night by a loud noise. After she figures out that the noise was the closet rod breaking from the weight of her winter coats, she begins to calm down and her heart stops racing. What system has been activated?
parasympathetic nervous system
After a police car with flashing lights and a blaring siren passes him and pulls over another driver for speeding, Jerry's heartbeat soon slows down, his blood pressure decreases, and he stops sweating so much. These calming physical reactions are MOST directly regulated by his:
parasympathetic nervous system
While hiking in the woods Marcy encountered a rattlesnake. After the snake scurried away Marcy's heart rate slowed down and her blood pressure decreased and she stop sweating. These calming physical reactions are MOST directly regulated by his
parasympathetic nervous system
Tyree is startled awake in the middle of the night by a loud noise. He sees that his cat has knocked over his bedside lamp. Knowing that, he begins to calm down and his heart stops racing. Which nervous system has been activated?
parasympathetic system
Maria recently was in a car accident and afterward developed a loss of sensation in her fingers. The doctor determined that she suffered brain damage and not spinal damage. She likely suffered damage to her _____lobe.
parietal
Samantha has just given birth to her first baby and has started breast-feeding. Samantha has her _____gland to thank for producing prolactin and oxytocin to stimulate her milk production and for the let-down reflex.
pituitary
Ten-year-old Leticia has grown three inches in the past year. Leticia has her _____ gland to thank for producing the growth hormone that triggered her jump in height.
pituitary
Manuel asks you to point to the brain area that is MOST important in controlling hormones. Which brain area would you point to?
pituitary gland
Although only 13, Diego had a stroke in the left hemisphere in the motor cortex, which controls his right hand. After rehabilitation and exercise, he was able to control his right hand again. Brain scans revealed that Diego's motor control of the right hand was now being controlled by the motor cortex in the right hemisphere. This change demonstrates the _____ of the brain.
plasticy
Madison damaged her motor cortex in a motorcycle accident, but over time, part of her frontal lobe cortex began to coordinate some muscle movements. This is an example of brain _____.
plasticy
The main focus of the nervous system is to:
provide a large network of interacting nerve fibers passing information throughout the body.
A television commercial states that a new medication can alleviate depression. "Since depression is a chemical imbalance, new Venlafaxine extended release can help with mood, sleep, arousal, and alertness by working on the two key neurotransmitters involved in depression." These two neurotransmitters are:
serotonin and norepinephrine.
Lucille is suffering from a number of symptoms, including depression, sleep disturbances, and mood fluctuations. She also has problems in learning and memory retrieval. Her doctor prescribes Prozac and some other drugs because the patient's problems are probably due to abnormal levels of
serotonin and norepinephrine.
Nina was almost hit by a bus. However, she is okay and her parasympathetic system is responding accordingly. It is:
slowing her heart rate and activating her digestion.
Five-year-old Byron is Christmas shopping with his mother and siblings. When he looks around and realizes his mother is nowhere to be found, Byron's _____ nervous system activates the fight-or-flight response.
sympathetic
Luke's dad is playing hide-and-seek with him. As Luke is searching for his dad, his heart is racing and he feels nervous. When Luke finds his dad's hiding spot, his dad jumps out and looks scary, stimulating the _____ part of Luke's nervous system.
sympathetic
Mason sees a large dog running toward him and is frightened. The division of his nervous system MOST likely activated is the _____ nervous system.
sympathetic
A child wakes his mother from a peaceful slumber to say he heard a noise. As she gets up to investigate, her heart begins to race, her mouth is dry, and she begins to sweat. Clearly, the _____ has been activated.
sympathetic nervous system
A medical equipment company is thinking of expanding by developing lie detection machines, which measure perspiration, cardiovascular, and respiration changes. On which system should their research focus?
sympathetic nervous system
Five-year-old Theresa is Christmas shopping with her mother and siblings. She looks around and realizes her mother is nowhere to be found. Theresa's _____ nervous system activates the fight-or-flight response.Theresa's mother finally comes around the corner, and Theresa is filled with relief, the result of the activation of the _____ part of her nervous system.
sympathetic;parasympathetic
Devan is studying for his midterm and is quizzing himself on the topic of neurons. He is trying to figure out the name for that "tiny space" where neurons connect, which is the _____.
synaptic gap
Drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin will thereby increase the concentration of serotonin molecules in the _____.
synaptic gap
In response to an exam question, Leilani accurately draws a picture of a neuron and indicates the sequence of events that are typically involved when a neuron communicates. She notes that information is carried from
the dendrites to the cell body and then along the axon to the axon terminals and the synapse.
Betty's metabolism has been irregular, and she has been moody, tired, and weak. There is likely an abnormality with her _____ gland
thyroid