Exam 2
Which does not correctly pair a movement with its opposing movement?
Elevation - retraction
The type of bone that has the red bone marrow inside is?
Spongy bone
The middle of the long bones is called the?
diaphysis
Which of the following is a freely movable joint?
diarthrosis
Ankle bends foot upward, toward dorsum of foot?
dorsiflexion
The opposite of depression is
elevation
Ribs that do not attach directly to the sternum are called ________ ribs.
false
The large bone in the thigh is the
femur
Causes a decrease in the angle between bones
flexion
A coroner determines the cause of death to be strangulation because this delicate bone is fractured. Which bone is this?
hyoid
Abnormal forced extension beyond normal range of motion is called
hyperextension
A synarthrosis is
immovable
The site where spinal nerves exit the vertebral column is the
intervertebral foramen
The substance that is made in the skin to help strengthen the skin surface is
keratin
The small, fluid-filled cavity occupied by an osteocyte is called a(n):
lacuna
The bones of the arms and legs are classified as:
long bones
An exaggerated curvature of the lumbar region is
lordosis
Which of the following is an unpaired facial bone?
mandible
The three portions of the sternum, from superior to inferior, are:
manubrium, body, xiphoid process.
In anatomical position, the ulna is ________ to the radius.
medial
What type of joint is a ball-and-socket joint?
multiaxial (triaxial) joint
Osteoid is the
organic part of the bone matrix that gives it tensile strength.
Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process?
osteoclast
The cells that reabsorb the bone are called?
osteoclasts
Cells that develop into osteoblasts are called:
osteogenic cells
A patient cracked the part of his fourth cervical vertebrae that is in between the body and the transverse process of the vertebrae. This name of this area is
pedicle
The periosteum is secured to underlying bone by collagen fibers called:
perforating fibers.
Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?
ribs
Bone revolves on its own axis:
rotation
Turning a structure around its longitudinal axis is called
rotation
The amount of body area involved with a burn is determined by the
rule of nines
Skin glands do not include
salivary glands
Intramembranous ossification occurs in:
skull bones
Which of the following components of a synovial joint functions to connect muscle to bone?
tendon
The function of yellow bone marrow is:
triglyceride storage
What bones form the forearm (antebrachium)?
ulna and radius
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?
vitamin a synthesis
Marilyn has been diagnosed with a fractured dens or odontoid process. Which specific bone is affected?
C2
Which cervical vertebrae has a boney projection called the Dens process on it?
C2
What tissue composes the reticular layer of the dermis?
Dense irregular connective tissue
The osteons of compact growth are arranged in circles, and located in the center is the?
Haversian canal
Which cells of the epidermis are part of the immune system?
Langerhans cells
Which choice is not a true about the skin?
The papillary region of the dermis is the thickest part of the dermis
Melanin is produced upon exposure to:
UV radiation
Which vitamin can use the UV sunlight that is transmitted through the skin in its activation process is?
Vitamin D is required for calcium absorption from the small intestine
A displaced or open fracture is a fracture ?
Where the fractured bone has broken through the skin and tissue
True ribs include:
1-7
In anatomy lab you were supposed to take home a box of appendicular bones to study for an exam. The labels had worn off of the boxes, so you were forced to look inside each box until you found a box with only appendicular bones in it. The contents of each box is listed below. Which box would you have taken home to study only appendicular bones?
4th Tarsal bone, 5th carpal bone, 15 phalangees, humerus
What answer lists the usual correct numbers for each of the types of vertebrae listed?
7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumber, 1 sacrum, 1 coccyx
A young boy falls playing football and fractures his radius. The bone is only cracked and bending near his wrist. It did not move from its normal position, and did not puncture through the skin. This fracture is?
A closed, non displaced, greenstick fracture of the distal radius
Causes the extremity to move away from the body?
abduction
What socket of the coxal bone articulates with the femur?
acetabulum
. causes the extremity to move towards the body?
adduction
Movement of a body part toward the main axis of the body is called
adduction
Eccrine sweat glands
aid in cooling the body
A movement that increases or decreases the angle between two bones is a(n) ________ motion.
angular
flexion and extension are types of:
angular movements
This skull fontanel in the newborn skull is usually the largest, and is used by physicians to determine the head position of the fetus during labor and delivery
anterior
What outer ring of fibrocartilage protects the inner substance of an intervertebral disc and joins the vertebrae together?
anulus fibrosus
Bone growth in which the bone increases in diameter is called
appositional growth
The form of bone growth that may continue in some disease states even after a person has reached their adult height ?
appositional growth
Keratinocytes
are responsible for the reduction of water loss from the skin
The first cervical vertebrae is the
atlas
The shoulder and hip joints are similar because they are both:
ball and socket joints
Which type of skin cancer is the most common?
basal cell carcinoma
The layer of epidermis that is undergoing cell division is the:
basale
Appositional growth produces:
bone growth in width
You are called on the phone by a friend who says that they have a fractured foot. They jumped out of a moving car and broke the heel of the right foot. What bone did they fracture?
calcaneous
Which hormone, produced by the thyroid gland, works opposite to parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
calcitonin
What canals connect lacunae together?
canaliculi
The humerus articulates with the radius at the
capitulum
The pubic symphysis is classified as a
cartilaginous joint and an amphiarthrosis
A man presents with difficulty in hearing words spoken on the telephone. The workup reveals that his ear canals are completely filled with wax. The type of gland that makes this wax in the outer ear is:
ceruminous glands.
Transverse foramina are found in ________ vertebrae.
cervical
Which bone is a part of the pectoral girdle:
clavicle
What bones form the pectoral girdle?
clavicle and scapula
The hard, dense bone that forms the outer surface of bones is:
compact bone
What structure is present on the second cervical vertebra (C2 or axis) that allows you to rotate your neck to say "no"?
dens (odontoid process)
Fingerprints and footprints are produced by projections into the epidermis called
dermal papillae
Charlie has a break in the shaft of his thigh bone. He broke the:
diaphysis
The type of sudoriferous gland that causes sweat to be evaporated on the skin in an attempt to help regulate body temperature is:
eccrine glands
The formation of bone from a cartilaginous model is termed
endochondral ossification.
Tommy fell and skinned his knee. The scrape did not bleed. He must have only damaged the:
epidermis
the main components of the skin are
epidermis and dermis
Before beginning orthodontic treatment, a patient may have her wrist and hand x-rayed to determine her stage of growth. What feature of the long bones will the orthodontist use to assess this?
epiphyseal plate
What structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length?
epiphyseal plate
The ends of long bones are called the
epiphysis
Causes an increase in the angle between bones?
extension
A patient was told that her bones did not fuse together correctly and she had an abnormal hip bone structure. Which bone could not be the cause of the problem because it does not fuse into the hip bone?
femur
A joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a
fibrous joint
The term "diarthrosis" refers to a joint that is
freely mobile
Maury fell from a ladder and broke his calcaneus. What body region sustained damage?
heel
What results from damage to annulus fibrosus and release of nucleus pulposus?
herniated disc
A subcutaneous injection delivers medication into the
hypodermis
Subcutaneous injections involve administration of medicine into the:
hypodermis
The type of growth that causes an increase in the length of the bone is called
interstitial growth
The spinal nerves exist the vertebrae column through which foramen?
intervertebral foraman
Sole of the foot moves inward, medially:
inversion
A place where two or more bones come together is a(n)
joint and an articulation
Eighty-year old Mrs. Smith has a bent-over stance with a noticeable hump back. Along with osteoporosis, Mrs. Smith also is afflicted with which condition?
kyphosis
Side bending of the spine
lateral flexion
The movement that occurs when the trunk of the body moves in a coronal plane laterally away from the body is
lateral flexion
Yolanda, a yoga instructor, tells her class to stretch the muscles of the side of the trunk by instructing them to perform ________.
lateral flexion
The activity of apocrine sweat glands
leads to body odor
What is the name of the piece of tissue that connects a bone to another bone?
ligament
A woman came to her doctor complaining of back pain. During her workup it was discovered that he back had an abnormal curve where the lumber curve was much to prominent. This disease could be described as a
lordosis
Melanin is produced only by
melanocytes
Which type of skin cancer is the most deadly?
melanoma
Jill is blind and often uses braille (a system of raised dots) to read her school assignments. What cell in the stratum basale of the epidermis helps her discriminate between the textured dots?
merkel cell
Thumb moving towards the palm of hand?
opposition
The structural units of mature compact bone are called:
osteons
the most superficial layer of the dermis
papillary layer
Which hormone inhibits bone growth?
parathyroid hormone
Which hormone will increase Osteoclastic activity in an attempt to raise low levels of Calcium in the serum ?
parathyroid hormone
The lambdoidal suture is located between the
parietal and occipital bones
A ballerina who stands on the tips of her toes is performing:
plantar flexion
Palm of hand turned towards the ground
pronation
Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly is called
pronation
Which of the following functions is associated with the skin?
protects against UV radiation from the sun
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is
scoliosis
When the spine has an abnormal curve that bends to the side it is called?
scoliosis
The type of burn that has only partially involved the dermis is:
second degree burn
What type of bone is adapted to withstand stresses arriving from many directions?
spongy bone
which of the following movements is an example of abduction?
spreading the fingers apart
The layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the
stratum basale
Which of the following represents the correct order of the layers of the epidermis from the deepest to the most superficial?
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum
From deep to superficial, what is the correct order of the layers of the epidermis?
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum
Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly is called
supination
Which type of fibrous joint is found between bones of the cranium?
suture
Which of the following is/are classified as fibrous joints?
sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
Eccrine glands produce:
sweat containing mostly water
Functionally, how are cartilaginous joints classified?
synarthroses or amphiarthroses
Functionally, a gomphosis is categorized as a
synarthrosis
Which of the following best represents the functional classifications of joints ranked from least movable to most movable?
synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis
The interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna is an example of a
syndesmosis
Which of the following is NOT a functional joint classification?
synovial
Skin without keratin would be more likely to:
tear upon being mechanically stressed
Which of the following bones is paired?
temporal
A herniated disc occurs when
there is protrusion of the nucleus pulposus.
What are the two primary curvatures present in the vertebral column of a fetus?
thoracic and sacral
Which of the following are NOT components of an osteon?
trabeculae
The humerus articulates with the ulna at the
trochlea
The joint movement called eversion involves
turning the sole of the foot laterally
The sagittal suture is located between the
two parietal bones
What type of joint allows motion around only one axis?
uniaxial
The spinal cord runs through what foramen in the vertebral column?
vertebral foramen
A communinuted fracture is a fracture?
where the fracture bone is in many small places
Getting a kiss on the cheek means this bone is involved:
zygomatic bone
The name of the elastic tissue center of the vertebral discs is called.
Nucleus pulposus
From proximal to distal, what bones form the upper limb? 1.carpals 2.humerus 3.metacarpals 4.phalanges 5.ulna and radius
2, 5, 1, 3, 4
