exam 2

Cornelia "The Jilting of granny weatherall"

-daughter of Granny Weatherall -is the primary caregiver during granny's illness -she loves her mother and is devastated by the prospect of her death -she knows that granny loves her less than her dead sister, Hapsy.

Chuckkie "just like a tree"

-family member of Aunt Fe

Etienne "just like a tree"

-family member of Aunt Fe

James "Just like a tree"

-family member of Aunt Fe

Leola "Just like a tree"

-family member of Aunt Fe

Ernest Gaines

-from southern Louisiana -was raised on the plantation - attended the university of louisiana-Lafayette -is more sophisticated when it comes to writing -He was raised by his debilitated aunt, who was severely handicapped and had to crawl around the house, but still took care of and provided for them -has deep respect for women

Zora Neale Hurston

African American writer and folklore scholar who played a key role in the Harlem Renaissance// southern renaissance -the explosion of creativity in the african american community -she was a political conservative even though she is black more of her work: "Mules and men"-collection of shorter pieces / Their eyes were watching God"-Novel -The explosion of creativity in the African American community -uses religious references throughout the text of "the gilded six-bits "

The three suicides in All the kings men

Cass Mastern-decides he wants to leave the world, so he decides to join the and gets himself killed Duncan -kills himself after finding out about Anabelle's affair Judge Irwin -kills himself at the end

Ben O "just like a tree"

Family member of Aunt Fe

What is "The Jilting of Granny Weatherall" by Katherine Anne Porter about?

Granny Weatherall is slowly dying .although she denies that she is sick and dying -The short story portrays of who Granny was and who has she become, as well as her past -All this years that kept her for being grateful what she has. She has sinned since she did not appreciated what God gave her - She wants God to give her a big obvious sign to forgive God and she rejects him.

"segregation" interview pg 35

He talks about being in the living room of an African American businessman → he has all new things (his business is doing very well) The cameramen are setting up for a photo op Fancy whisky Rearranging furniture African American maid Coffee The cameramen are telling the men what to say and how to act-- it's not natural They want to put words in the man's mouth / don't want it to be normal or natural

The dialect of this story is trying to show the language of the common man

Hurston probably used this dialect herself. As an author in New York, she may have code switched to have gained acceptance with a broader white audience--but she still appreciates her roots

Dave's Mother "the one man who was almost man"

Mrs. Saunders, gives him $2 to buy the gun and makes Dave promise her that he would bring to her

De Jure Segregation vs. De facto segregation

de factor segregation is not law-binding, it unintentionally happens when people form communities (Northern US)(practical) de jure is when segregation is legally required (Southern US after the Civil War)

order of death/ after death

death,judgement, heaven,hell (4 things in Catholicism) where does grandma end up in? not heaven since God did not showed up in her room

Hugh Miller

he resigns at the end of the novel, Willie dislikes that Hugh left, he needs him because he represents the consciousness of decency

"The man who was almost a man" by Richard Wright

is about a young man that wants people to respect him and see him more a man than a boy, so he decides to buy a gun with his mothers consent -Tries out the gun and accidentally shoot a mule from the plantation he worked at. That cost him after Mr.Hawkins finding out. He thought that having a gun would make him a man.

Granny Weatherall "The Jilting.."

is based after Katherine Porter's grandmother- a survivor who took care of the family -is a catholic -Refuses to be sick and slowly dying -gets visited by a priest since she is on her deathbed -was abonded at the altar by George, she never forgave him -unsure if she would go to heaven or hell, but her sign is giving to her when God does not appear in her room right when she is dying -Cornelia's mother

Doctor Harry "The Jilting of Granny weatherall"

is called since Granny is very sick and about to die -Granny Weatherall considers him to be too young

"six bits" "The Gilded six-bits"

it is a monetary term, seem to be about 75 cents since it is 6 bits

Boas

legendary figure in anthropology

Gilded ("The Gilded six-bits)

not gold/superficially coating to look gold -Mark Twain termed the gilded age(cheap age) - had free dialect

What took for Warren to write the book "segregation"?

Warren got an assignment from Life magazine to go down to talk to, "All walks of life," and recall what he thinks is significant. Repotouse ?? → Repoussé? In 1965, Robert Penn Warren compiles interviews with Malcolm X, Martin Luther King Jr., and others, writes Who Speaks For the Negro? Malcolm X is assassinated while Warren is away in Europe

"I cant help it , I do believe that white people are superior, but I do hope I change" -

by white woman (it bothers her because she knows that is wrong

Dave Saunders, "The Man Who Was Almost a Man"

-character from "the man who was almost a man" -works in a plantation plowing fields -a teenager that want to prove that he is a man by getting a gun -he thinks having a gun will gain him respect from others

Byram B. White

-crocked politician -also member of Willie Stark's administration

Dave's father "the man who was almost a man"

- is shocked of Dave and Mrs.Saunders complicity - he cares about keeping a good relationship with Mr.Hawkins despite of Dave killing one of his mules

Aunt Clo "Just like a tree"

- sister of Louise and Aunt Fe

Jim Hawkings "the man who was almost a man"

- the boss of Dave in the plantation -makes Dave pay him back for the mule he killed

George "the jilting of granny weatherall"

- was the man that jilted granny weatherall -left her at the altar , she felt rejected and abandoned -was never forgiven by Granny weatherall for the shame and embarrassment that he brought her -The man she was supposed to marry did not showed up ( believe that it was a blessing that they did not marry because he was a jerk, this could be the real sign but the Granny has too much pride and arrogance that do not well for her salvation.

Thoicdy -

- why is there evil in the world when God is all good? Like never commit a sin and just be perfect. But it is due to free will of the man. The only way was to make the man separate from God

Opposition research

-> when you find out things from your opponent candidate and use it to win an election (finding dirt from opponents) -"getting the dirt" on other people/candidates

Miss Lily Mae Littlepaugh

-A strange old spiritual medium -who sells her brother's suicide note to Jack, giving him the proof he needs about Judge Irwin and the bribe .

Judge Irwin

-All the kings men -Jack's biological dad -had a love affair with Jacks mother -worked in a corrupted power company

Adam Stanton

-brother of Anne Staton -child of Governor Staton -Jack offers him to become director of the new hospital Willie is building -he assassinates Willie in the lobby of the Capitol towards the end of the novel. (because of anger Stark provoked. ) His name means innocent until proven guilty( Adam in Genesis)

Anne and Adam Stanton (siblings)

-Anne and Adam are much more enamored of their past time than Jack is, and deeply honor the figure of his father, Governor Stanton. To Anne and Adam, their father represents a moral ideal that they must constanly strive to live up to. This ideal shapes each of their lives. When they result of Jacks inquires-that Governor Stanton illegally protected Judge Irwin after the bribe- their lives will nearly be shattered.

Anne Stanton

-Anne was Jack Burden's first love -is Adam Stanton's sister -had an affair with Willie Stark -child of Governor Staton -childhood friend of Jack

Richard Wright

-Born and raised in Mississippi -wrote "The Man who was almost a man" -other novels: Black Boy & Native Son -Interested in pan-Africanism, African countries, colonialism, and Indonesia -ended up rejecting the communist party -uses humor in his story

Granny weatherall's children in the jilting of granny weatherall

-Cornelia, Jimmy, Lydia, Hapsy(she is possibly dead now)

The dirt that Jack finds on Judge Irwin

-He settles that money to be the reason he might have been driven over the line --When he visits Anne and Adam , they tell him that Judge Irwin was broke in 1913, but he got out his financial problems by marrying a rich woman. , BUT actually he did not . He had to take a mortgage out on his plantation that couldnt afford , somehow the plantation was saved as his term as Attorney General ended

emmanuel "Just like a tree"

-Interestingly, Gaines portrays these people as religious and it's especially interesting that he chose the name of Emmanuel for one of his characters -one of the characters -Immanuel - "God is with us"

Willie Stark

-Jack Burden's boss -he came from poverty and became the governor of the states -the "honest man" a local hero who is persuaded to run for governor by political elites, but they know he wont' win-instead, they use him for misdirecting "hick votes" (splitting the rural votes) -willie institutes sweeping liberal measures designed to tax the rich and ease the burden on the state's many poor farmers -Willie blackmails and bullies his enemies into submission -Huey P. Long(the man that Willie is based on in real life) son: Tommy Stark Wife: Lucy Stark -before being governor he was Mason County's treasurer -Is first a humble man from a farm and worked hard to get where he is at, but then changed once elected governor and becomes cruel like a "normal politician" -has an affair with sadie and Anne because they have the power or knowledge of power

Aunt Lou "Just like a tree"

-Louise - the aunt wanting to take Aunt Fe up to the north for her safety -Sister of Aunt Fe

Sarah "old red"

-Mr.Maury's daughter -Stephen wife

Stephen "old red"

-Mr.Maury's son-in-law -Sarah's husband -was nervous to meet Mr.Maury

Mary "old red"

-Mr.Maury's wife -the woman that tried to change him

Note about Louisiana and quotes from Dr. Clark

-North Louisiana is protestant, and the South is French Catholic -"The honest man comes in last in a corrupt situation" -"You have to make good out of the bad because there is really is only bad"

Robert Penn Warren

-Published 10 novels; began as a poet -wrote social commentary and criticism, his first novel was a biography of an abolitionist -Attended LSU -Rogue scholar network- Clarence Brooks and some other guys found him a job at LSU(was hiring during the depression) -Robert Penn Warren picked up a hitchhiker while driving down to Lousiana, this emaciated hitchhiker wouldnt stop talking about how great Huey P.Long was, how he was a "spokesperson for the common man" -eventually goes to Yale in the 1920s for his Ph.D. and accepts a rogue scholarship to Oxford University in England -Exposes the corruption side of politics in All the kings men during that time -; Believes that God does not want you to succeed, but at least to try. Now Jack at the end of the novel is shown that he is going to try.

Brown v. Board of education(1954)

-Topeka, Kansas was a landmark 1954 Supreme court case in which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional

Sadie Burke

-Willie Stark's secretary and long-term lover -gets Jealous of Willie love affairs and wife -she knows that Willie will always come back to her because he needs her to be successful in politics -tries to kill Willie stark by making a plan with Tiny Duffy -get sent to a mental institution -she kills Adam Stanton as well

Sam MacMurfee

-Willie's political enemy -governor before Willie

Anne-marie Duvall "Just like a tree"

-a white lady who was raised by Aunt Fe - went to say goodbye to Aunt Faye when she was leaving

Baracude-

-about an African man that is in a place where no one understands him , shows the African side of the slave trade

Aunt Fe "Just like a tree"

-an old woman -Is being moved up by her to the North due to the bombings in the South -she is referred to as a tree since she has been living in that town her whole life and now she uprooting and going somewhere else -the community she lives in, is sad to see her leave -she died at the end, in her hometown the night before she was actually living -was the nanny for Anne-Marie Duval --She's leaving but her roots run deep -sister of Aunt Clo and Aunt Lou/Lousie

What is "old red" by Caroline Gordon about?

-autobiographical story -Mr.Maury is based in Caroline's father -Stephen= Allen tate caroline's husband x2 -Sarah= Caroline herself -"old red is the fox they cant ever catch -Mr.Maury is a careless and dull man and finally get to meet his son-in-law, he does not really interact with families till that time.

Huey P. Long

-being Willie Stark in All the kings men 40th governor of Louisiana, was pouring money into LSU;was called "the kingfish" is assassinated in 1935 while serving as a U.S senator; was a Democrat and populist; he wrote some books as well -rose to power by forcing other people to pay for their state's oil; built state highways for Louisiana -was a hero to some and the spawn of the devil to others

Moral Philosophy

-belief that everyone and everything is bad, and that moral action involves making goodness from the badness.

Cass Mastern

-had an affair with Anabelle Trice, the wife of his friend Duncan Trice -when Duncan discovered the affair, he took off his wedding ring and shot himself, a suicide that was chalked up to an accident - The slave Phebe, found the ring and showed Annabelle and she felt guilty that she sold Phebe -This separated Phebe from her husband; Cass tried to find her, to free her, so she could return to her husband, but he failed

priest "The jilting of granny weatherall"

-he comes to give Granny Weatherall a final blessing before she dies, but there is not bridge groom -Granny is catholic, she thinks this priest is tickling her feet, she is in and out of consciousness, the priest is actually giving her the last rites

Lois

-is Jack's ex-wife -he basically only used her for sex -he felt bad for what he did -Louis, Jack's wife , then they divorced , he did not think highly of her, Jack just thought of her as a sexual machine, which lead to the sexual aspect to drive their relationship. Louis talks about their sexual life to others , Jack does not like it. Then he realized that he was a human being, he only like her if she was a sexual robot. Jack cannot relate to people in a normal way. "I forgive for everything I did to you" - Jack said to Louis when they got divorced. Its it like laying down his burden, down by the river side.

Jacks mother

-is brought back to Burden's Landing by the Scholarly Attorney -falls inlove with Judge Irwin and has an affiar with him -Jack is product of that Affair -After the scholarly attorney leaves, she is involved the young executive -did not approve of Jack working for willie,

Joe "The man who was almost a man"

-is the store owner that Dave got the catalog from to buy the gun -he think Dave is too young to have a gun but offers him a gun for $2

what is the "just like a tree" by Ernest Gaines about ?

-it is during the civil rights era -there are bombings going off in the hometown of Aunt Fe and Louise comes to take her to move up north for her safety. Although others from their family are sad to see Aunt Fe leave -Overarching theme: wants to show that love is much more powerful than prejudice -told in different perspectives of every character

The great twitch theory

-made by Jack Burden -diminishes your human nature -believes not to take responsibility of his own actions, but then rejects this theory at the end of the novel, learns to take full responsibility of things

Caroline Gordon

-married Allen Tate Twice -he cheated on her more than once -from a small town near Guthrey, Kentucky -converted to catholicism -taught at the university of Dallas

Joe "The gilded six-bits"

-married to Missie May -after Missie May cheated on him their marriage felt meaningless -Joe is seems happy towards the end and the store clerk makes a comment about it, but he doesn't know the pain that joe went through to get to that point -stays with Missie May just for the baby they have together -looked over Missie May's affair -has been wanting a child -experiences emotional torture (agony)

Segregation: Uncle Tom interview pg38

-middle-aged man,fair sized,medim brown "Jesus wept" - shortest bible verse in the bible (John 11:35) From when Jesus's friend Lazarus died; Jesus cried because Lazarus was his close/ dear friend; Jesus cries because he is human too and feels human feelings → spoiler alert, Jesus brings Lazarus back to life "Uncle Tom" doesn't give the journalists what they want to hear, he gives them his opinion "Are you a gradualist?" -- do things come slowly for you? Yes

Katherine Anne Porter

-most famous texas author -Was born near Brownwood Texas, and grew up in the town of Kyle,TX =She left texas, but texas was home to her She thought she was going to get a library named after her if she gave all of her work to Texas University but hey we're only going to give her a room, so she gave her work to Maryland -Most of her stories are autobiographical

Mr.Maury "old red"

-not much of a family man Mr. Maury views other people as a threat to his independence, but he "made the mistake of marrying a woman" lol who wanted to change him, make him religious, etc. Mr. Maury is an unloving person; his wife (Mary) dies but before she does she has a daughter, Sarah Mr. Maury doesn't care about Sarah; in this story is the first time he meets his son-in-law, Steve (shows how much he cares about Sarah's life) Mr. Maury is unhealthy, overweight, which inhibits his ability to fish All he cares about is fishing He refuses to attend a cousin's funeral Reminds him of his mortality and he hates it - he's running away from the fact that he's going to die -was a professor

Huey Miller

-resigns rather than addressing what is going on- idealist liberal

two ways to understand fictional dialect

-spell it out fanatically -try to capture the sound of the spoken word -you look down on someone who talks in comedy (Dialect has a tendency of humor) -We are all guilty of judging people based on their speech / how they talk People use a southern accent to be "funny" -

Plessy v. Ferguson(1896)

-supreme court case where Homer Plessy, considered to be 1/8th African American, wasn't allowed to sit in a white car on the train, and he refused to sit elsewhere -separate but equal doctrine -the concept that there needed to be an accomodation for those who were being excluded -most of the time, these separate entities( schools, transportation, etc.) were not equal in quality, which made the entire situation unfair ex: Texas A&M and Texas A&M-prairie view -that segregation (Jim crow) was constitutional "two Americas" segregated but never equal

Tiny Duffy

-the guy that makes a joke about Willie's wife being a school teacher -becomes Lieutenant Governor -later in the novel -Is part of Sadie's plan to kill Willie

Jack Burden

-the narrator of the novel(All the Kings men) the story is told in his perspective -Willie Stark's right-hand man -avoids commitments -he grew up in Burden's Landing -once married before but left her -developed the Great Twitch theory but then at the end rejected it and accepts the idea of responsibility. -Is in love with Anne -was working on his Ph.D thesis but then quit(stopped writing his dissertation) -before working for Willie he worked for "The Chronicle" -describes people by their stereotypes: "young exec, honest judge, boss" -his dad walked out on him when he was younger

Intextuality

-the relationship between texts, especially literary ones. -When one work refers back to another work; could be referring to a work from another author or multiple characteristics giving their perspective in a story -is "the interconnection between similar or related works of literature that reflect and influence an audience's interpretation of the text, often done through quotations and allusion

Tom Stark

-the son of willie stark -Football player in college -irresponsible, drinks alot -breaks his neck in a football accident and becomes paralyzed, then dies shortly after that -He is accused of getting Sibyl Frey pregnant -such like Willie Stark, having multiple entanglements/affairs because he is an arrogant football player -wins an All-American award

Description of "All of the Kings Men"

-the title itself is a reference to "Humpty Dumpty"(all the king's horses and all the kings men couldn't put Humpty together again) -A story about the rise and fall of a political titan, who started in poverty, reaches fame/wealth, and then becomes corrupt and cruel -mystery novel -example of romano a clef

Slemmons

-the wealthy man that opened up an ice cream shop and came from Chicago -Has an affair with Missie May

Lucy Stark

-the wife of Willie Stark -expects more from Willie Stark(morally) but is constantly let down -straight-laced, prim and proper/ a good women Lucy=light/ guiding light & STARK= german for strong -mother of Tom Stark -She leaves Willie and lives in her sister's poultry farm -school teacher

Eudora Welty

-was a photographer before she became a writer -Her writings become very descriptive/pictorial because of her previous experience Warren was a role model for her He published some of her first stories

Sugar-boy O'Sheean

-willie Stark's driver and bodyguard -Sugar boy is in the library where he is taking shelter , Jack asked some questions about the murder of the governor, and he said that he killed him , but then Jack said "what do I say that it was somebody else? " then Jack says he just kidding. He wanted to pin it on Tiny Duffy.

health disparities

A difference in health status between groups which systematically and negatively impact less advantaged groups.

Barrcaun

Barracks, communal, housing project it was placed for African slaves before being sent into the world - this was based on her interview

The dirt with Judge Irwin with corrupted corporations

Judge Irwin start working at an electric company- . very corrupt -Jack finds a letter from Lily Mew Littlepaugh (Irwin replaced her brother, at the power company) -which the letter was a suicide note -the judge received stock and the lucrative position at the power company as a bribe for dismissing a court case brought against the Southern Belle Fuel company (same parent company as American Electric Power Littlepaugh says that he visited Governor Staton to try to protect his friend the judge -when miss littlepaugh visited the governor after her brother's suicide he again protected the judge and threatened Miss Littlepaugh with prosecution for insurance fraud

Politics and segregation

LBJ (Lyndon B. Johnson) Texas Senator - Voted FOR segregation every time Did this because he knew he wouldn't get reelected in Texas if he voted against it President who passed the Civil Rights Act of 1965 & other various civil rights laws Felt the shame and guilt of being a white southerner and for voting for segregation

Key points from "The Gilded six-bits

MIT is a company town, the main employer: e G. and G. Fertilizer -Joe relationship with his wife, they have pride in their little cabin -Joe and his wife (Missie May) are happy -it is a negro settlement -Missie May cheats on Joe with Slemmons since he has money -Mark Twain termed the gilded age(cheap age) - had free dialect

The plot of the gilded six-bits

Major Theme of the Story: "If love is real, then it accepts someone on their terms" Joe needs to learn how to forgive and bring Missie May back into their relationship → the child helps "a new beginning"

more insight in Katherine's writings and about the jilting of granny weatherall

People don't like this story because a "cute" old lady goes to hell People of the church thought that hell was just a myth (??) If you wish someone to go to hell, your soul is also, if not more, in peril Not a story made for entertainment → the goal is to raise some questions Allusion - Parable of the Ten Virgins // Wise and Foolish Virgins (Matthew 25:1-13) Perseverance of faith Also wrote - Ship of Fools (Only full novel she wrote) Microcosm (Little Version of the Real World)like a group with the same goal

Who is the author of the book "All the King's Men" and "Segregation"?

Robert Penn Warren

Segregation by Robert Penn Warren

Warren went from being a segregationist during his youth to becoming a strong supporter of racial segregation later in his life. -is a collection of Robert Penn Warrens informal conversations with southerners in the wake of the Brown v. Board of education decision -in his own writings often explored the theme of race in american life, traveled through his native region to talk with scores of individuals , to report their responses to the courts decision -pg 62 last interview with a southerner (himself) discusses about believing in desegregation -seen as a southern renaissance

Leslie Fiedler

a literary critic with the theory about what made American literature so unique: In the "great" European novels it's all about marriage with a mostly positive resolution, versus in the great American novels it's all about men running away from women, who don't have familial responsibilities tying them down, or about adultery Examples: European - Jane Austen American - The Letter Stocking, Moby Dick, Huckleberry Finn, The Bear (Faulkner) Leslie suggests that American men seek adventure, comradery, and excitement over stable domestic life The concept of marriage "tying people down" - no one wants to feel restricted or like they're being robbed of fun experiences

"Romano a clef"

a novel with a key; disguised history; characters are based on real people -when a fictional book bases the characters off of real-life people but give them fake names (like in all the kings men, or in old red by caroline gordon)

Tantalus

can't drink water (it dries up every time he goes for a drink

Missie May from "The gilded six-bits "

comes off as a stupid girl but she knows more than she is letting on --she cheats on Joe with Slemmons -She has a baby , it could have been Slemmons but it is Joe's -has the morals of a prostitute(part of the reason why Joe laughs at her when he finds out she is cheating on him) - has an affair with Slemmons for money?

Chris "just like a tree"

family member of Aunt Fe

sisyphus :the gilded six-bits"

forced for all of eternity to roll a rock up a hill (how the greeks portrayed hell)

Southern Agrarian Manifesto

talks about segregation as inevitable

intersubjectivity

various characters that have subjective viewpoints that are put together -each character have their own opinions of the events happening in the story like the dirt found of the politicians in the all the kings men, they are all just trying to make themselves look bad

Sex trade

when they find mistresses for other men, Phoebe is now sold to prostitution, so now Cass feels guilty and tries to save her

determinism

you think you make decisions but actually your decisiveness is already programed biologically (nature, nurture) (by philosophers)