Exam 2Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of blood?
Peripheral resistance includes all of the following EXCEPT:
Blood type
Which of the following would not lead to polycythemia?
Iron deficiency
Abnormally slow depolarization of the ventricles would most change the shape of the ________ in an ECG tracing.
QRS complex
How do parasympathetic neurons in the medulla respond to increased blood pressure?
Sympathetic activity is inhibited.
Which of the following is occurring during ventricular diastole?
The ventricles are passively filling and atria are contracting.
Cross-sectional area increases as arteries branch into smaller vessels, causing the blood to flow more slowly.
True
Vessels with a smaller radius will have an increased resistance to blood flow.
True
Which of the following is TRUE of veins?
Veins have thinner walls than arteries
During the plateau phase of the cardiac action potential, which ion is entering the cardiac muscle cell?
calcium
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of erythrocytes? biconcave discs anucleate filled with hemoglobin capable of protein synthesis
capable of protein synthesis
At the arteriolar end of the capillary, which pressure is the greatest?
capillary hydrostatic pressure
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used to return venous blood to the heart?
elastic fibers
The ________ is the amount of blood in a ventricle after it has contracted and before it begins to refill.
end-systolic volume
During a tapeworm infection, you would expect to see increased numbers of:
eosinophils
What hormone is released by the kidneys when low O2 is detected?
erythropoietin
What activates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation?
factor XII contacts exposed collagen fibers Submit
Veins regulate blood pressure and control blood flow to organs.
false
Blood pressure is equivalent to:
hydrostatic pressure.
Which of the following vessels has the lowest blood pressure?
inferior vena cava
Which type of leukocyte may produce antibodies?
lymphocyte
Platelets form from large cells called __________.
megakaryocytes
Considering the left ventricle, why does isovolumetric ventricular contraction occur during ventricular systole?
Aortic pressure is higher than ventricular pressure and the ventricle must pressurize the blood to open the aortic valve.
Select the correct relationship between peripheral resistance and blood pressure.
As peripheral resistance increases, blood pressure increases.
Determine the net filtration pressure (NFP) if capillary hydrostatic pressure is 40 mm Hg and the colloid osmotic pressure is 25 mm Hg.
15 mm Hg
Assume that the left ventricle of a child's heart has an EDV=90mL, and ESV=60mL, and a cardiac output of 2,400 mL/min. His SV is __________ mL/beat and his HR is __________ bpm.
30; 80
A patient has an end-diastolic volume of 125 ml. A heart attack has weakened her left ventricle so it can pump a stroke volume of only 40 ml. Calculate her end-systolic volume.
85 ml
A person with type A blood can safely donate RBCs to someone of type __________ and can receive RBCs from someone of type __________.
AB; O
During ventricular systole, the
AV valves are closed.
Which of the following might be injected into a patient who is prone to forming blood clots and therefore at risk of a heart attack or stroke?
Heparin
During hemolysis, ________ will be _____________.
Iron; removed with bilirubin
The right pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________.
oxygenated; left atrium Submit
Each of the following factors will increase cardiac output except increased
parasympathetic stimulation.
Opening and closing of the heart valves is caused by _________.
pressure gradients
Compared to the right ventricle, the left ventricle has all the following characteristics except
pumps a greater volume.
Stroke volume depends on all of the following factors except
respiratory rate
What type of capillaries have large pores within their endothelial cells and are the leakiest?
sinusoidal capillaries
Which ion's entry causes rapid depolarization? Which ion's entry causes the plateau? Which ion's exit causes repolarization? (Figure 20-15)
sodium; calcium; potassium
Which nervous system promotes increased peripheral resistance and increased blood pressure through the vasoconstriction of systemic arterioles?
sympathetic nervous system
Which blood vessels experience the sharpest decrease in blood pressure?
systemic arterioles Submit
Which circuit has the greatest resistance?
systemic circuit
Which vessels are the most compliant?
systemic veins
The phase in the cardiac cycle when the mitral valve is closed and the aortic valve is open is the
systolic ejection phase.
As a result of the long refractory period in the cardiac action potential, cardiac muscle cannot exhibit
tetany
If the connection between the SA node and AV node becomes blocked,
the ventricles will beat more slowly.
Some rat poisons contain a toxin that block's the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would have problems with:
coagulation
The process that converts fibrinogen to fibrin and results in the formation of a more solid clot is called __________.
coagulation
Which pressure is created by the presence of large proteins in the blood, such as albumin?
colloid osmotic pressure
Which pressure remains the same along the length of the capillary?
colloid osmotic pressure
Lepirudin is a drug that inhibits thrombin. It will have an effect specifically on the __________.
common pathway of coagulation
If the force of ventricular contraction increases, what will happen to the end-systolic volume?
decrease
Drugs that block the beta-one adrenergic receptors will
decrease heart rate.
Most of the ventricle filling occurs __________.
during atrial diastole
What cell gives rise to all formed elements?
hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)
Which of the following statements is true regarding coagulation?
Calcium is needed for both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.
Which of the following is true about contractile cell action potentials?
The plateau phase is caused by an influx of Ca and an outflow of K.
Which of the following is true about pacemaker potentials?
The slow depolarization phase is caused by an influx of nonspecific cations.
Hypertension increases ________ causing stroke volume to ________.
afterload; decrease
What plasma protein is most important for the blood's colloid osmotic pressure? albumin antibodies transport proteins collagen
albumin
Which of the following is a plasma protein? electrolytes tissue factor hemoglobin albumin
albumin
Which of the following situations creates edema?
an increase in the capillary hydrostatic pressure gradient
The closure of a precapillary sphincter prevents blood flow to tissues from:
arterioles
What hormone is released to decrease blood pressure?
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
Which of the following would not increase heart rate?
beta blocking drugs
Where are anti-Rh antibodies produced?
in an Rh- person who has been previously exposed to Rh antigen and sensitized
Predict the scenario that will decrease peripheral resistance.
increase in vessel radius
Athletes use the hormone EPO to __________.
increase their hematocrit
Positive inotropic drugs such as glucagon and thyroid hormone cause
increased contractability
An increased erythropoietin (EPO) output by the kidneys would lead to all of the following except __________.
increased hypoxemia
In cardiac muscle, the fast depolarization phase of the action potential is the result of
increased membrane permeability to sodium ions.
During the beginning of ventricular systole when the muscle is contracting but not enough pressure has built up to open the semilunar valves the heart is said to be in
isovolumetric contraction.
Which of the following is NOT one of the functions of blood? to protect vital organs to transport and exchange gases to maintain body temperature blood clottingWhich of the following is NOT one of the functions of blood?
to protect vital organs
By which method can large substances cross the endothelial cells and exit a capillary?
transcytosis
Which factor directly influences preload?
venous return
The T wave on an ECG tracing represents
ventricular repolarization
Determine fluid movement when hydrostatic pressure exceeds colloid osmotic pressure at the arteriolar end of the capillary.
water is pushed out of the capillary by filtration