Exam 3
5) Deceleration combined with a cutting motion is a common mechanism of injury for the a) ACL b) PCL c) MCL d) LCL
A. ACL
13. In an inversion ankle sprain, the first ligament to tear is the A. Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) B. Calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) C. Posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL) D. Deltoid ligament
A. Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)
9. Which of the following terms refers to a structure on both sides of the body or body part A. bilateral B. contralateral C. ipsilateral D. lateral
A. Bilateral
1. The _______ is the main body stabilizer during walking or running. A. hallux B. metatarsal arch C. talocrural joint D. subtalar joint
A. Hallux
15. Which of the following is the most common ankle sprain? A. Inversion sprain B. Eversion sprain C. Syndesmosis sprain D. No one ankle sprain is more common than another
A. Inversion sprain
3) The function of the ______ is to resist valgus and rotational forces acting on the knee. a) MCL b) LCL c) ACL d) PCL
A. MCL
8. Visual analysis of overall appearance, symmetry, willingness and ability to move is called A. primary survey B. observation C. proprioceptive input D. subjective survey
A. Primary survey
10. Sudden cardiac death is defined as an unexpected death owing to sudden cardiac arrest within 6 hours of an otherwise normal clinical healthy state. A. True B. False
A. True
10. True or False? The mechanism of injury is the physical cause or circumstance under which the injury occurred. A. True B. False
A. True
11. Shock, regardless of the type, is a medical emergency A. True B. False
A. True
12. Anaphylaxis is a systemic allergic reaction. A. True B. False
A. True
12. In assessing an injury, a coach should determine if the individual experienced other unusual sensations at the time of injury by asking questions such as "did you hear anything" and "did you feel anything." A. True B. False
A. True
13. Some individuals who know that they are hypersensitive to a substance carry medication (e.g., epinephrine) to manage the condition. A. True B. False
A. True
15. Active movement involves joint motion performed voluntarily by the individual through muscular contraction. A. True B. False
A. True
3. Which of the following best illustrates a diagnostic sign? A. edema B. blurred vision C. nausea D. headache
A. edema
6. Subjective information is gained through the __________ of the HOPS process. A. history B. observation C. palpation D. special testing
A. history
7. In the history component of an assessment, information pertaining to the primary complaint focuses on the A. mechanism of injury B. characteristics of the symptoms C. injured individual's perception of the current injury D. the status of the ABC's
A. mechanism of injury
7. An excessively high arch that does not flatten during weight bearing is referred to as: A. pes cavus B. pes planus C. plantar fasciitis D. hallus rigidus
A. pes cavus
3. In emergency situations, consciousness is determined by: A. response to verbal and sensory stimuli B. testing of reflexes C. assessment of ABCs D. assessment of pupils
A. response to verbal and sensory stimuli
13. The coach should only complete components of an assessment that are within their standard of care. A. True B. False
A. true
3. The ligaments that stabilize the lateral aspect of the ankle include each of the following except the: A. anterior talofibular ligament B. deltoid ligament C. posterior talofibular ligament D. calcaneofibular ligament
B. deltoid ligament
11. In assessing pain, the only factors that need to be determined are the location and type of pain. A. True B. False
B. false
14. Which of the following predisposes an individual to eversion ankle sprains? A. pes cavus B. hypermobile feet C. hypomobile feet D. pes planus
B. hypermobile feet
17. Activity specific test are intended to assess each of the following EXCEPT: A. strength B. range of motion C. agility D. balance
B. range of motion
21. The normal respiration for an adult _____________ breaths per minute. A. 8-10 B. 10-25 C. 20-25 D. 30-40
C. 20-25
16. Which of the following is correct? A. An individual who has sustained a grade I inversion ankle sprain will report hearing a "pop" and will be able to bear weight immediately after the injury B. Swelling and ecchymosis are accurate indicators of the severity of an inversion sprain C. An individual who has sustained a grade II inversion ankle sprain will be able to bear some weight, but definitely walks with a limp. D. An individual who has sustained a grade III inversion ankle sprain will report hearing a "pop" and be able to bear some weight, but definitely walks with a limp.
C. An individual who has sustained a grade II inversion ankle sprain will be able to bear some weight, but definitely walks with a limp.
4) Which of the following muscles is part of the hamstring muscle group? a) gracilis b) sartorius c) biceps femoris d) vastus lateralis
C. Biceps femoris
9. The immediate management of a suspected acute compartment syndrome includes I) Application of cold II) Application of a compression wrap III) Elevation of the lower leg IV) Total rest V) Immediate referral to an emergency room VI) Referral to a physician prior to return to activity A. I, II, III, IV, and V B. I, II, III, IV, and VI C. I, IV, and V D. I, IV, and VI
C. I, IV, and V
12. The common mechanism for a lateral ankle sprain is A. Dorsiflexion and inversion B. Dorsiflexion and eversion C. Plantar flexion and inversion D. Plantar flexion and eversion
C. Plantar flexion and inversion
1. The buildup of cholesterol within the coronary arteries is termed A. angina B. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy C. artherosclerosis D. coronary artery disease
C. artherosclerosis
4. Supination is the combination of the movements of: A. calacaneal eversion, foot abduction, dorsiflexion B. calacaneal eversion, foot adduction, plantar flexion C. calacaneal inversion, foot adduction, plantar flexion D. calacaneal inversion, foot abduction, plantar flexion
C. calacaneal inversion, foot adduction, plantar flexion
19. Pulse rate is usually assessed at the _____________ artery. A. coronary B. brachial C. carotid D. vertebral
C. carotid
20. Medial tibial stress syndrome is aggravated by: A. passive plantar flexion B. active plantar flexion C. resisted plantar flexion D. active dorsiflexion
C. resisted plantar flexion
18. The normal resting pulse rate range for a child is _____________ beats per minute. A. 40 - 60 B. 60 - 100 C. 100 - 120 D. 120 - 140
D. 120 - 140
4. Shock can occur with injuries involving A. severe pain B. the spinal cord C. intra-abdominal or intrathoracic regions D. all of
D. all of the above
7. The leading cause of loss of consciousness in a sport activity is due to: A. metabolic disturbances B. heat stroke C. spinal injuries D. head injuries
D. head injuries
5. Inversion and eversion movements occur primarily at the: A. talocrural joint B. intertarsal joints C. tarsometatarsal joints D. subtalar joint
D. subtalar joint
2. The true ankle joint is the A. talocalcaneonavicular joint B. calcaneocuboid joint C. subtalar joint D. talocrural joint
D. talocrural joint
Secondary Survey
Detect problems if unrecognized and untreated could become life-threatening
12)True or False? The medial meniscus has an attachment to the medial collateral ligament and fibers from the biceps femoris muscle.
False
17)True or False? Signs and symptoms of a grade 1 quadriceps contusion include: the individual walks with a limp, mild pain, and swelling.
False
18)True or False? The function of the joint capsule in the knee is to deepen the joint and, in doing so, allow for a more stable articulation.
False
Vitals signs
Pulse, Respiration, temperature, skin color, blood pressure
Pulse: Rate and volume Children vs. adults
Rate: 30 sec x 2 Volume: sensation of contraction (strong/weak) Child: 120-140 Adult:60-100
Primary Survey • Purpose • Components
To find Level of awareness and Status of ABCs: Airway Breathing Circulation
11) True or False? The lateral meniscus is a smaller and more freely moveable structure than the medial meniscus.
True
13)True or False? The patella improves the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps muscles to produce knee extension.
True
16)True or False? Injury to the prepatellar bursa will produce pain during passive knee flexion.
True
19)True or False? The immediate management for a suspected MCL injury includes the application of ice and compression. In addition, if unable to walk without a limp, the individual should be fitted for crutches.
True
9) A common mechanism of injury for a longitudinal tear of the meniscus is a) a shearing forces from rotational motions b) a twisting motion when the foot is fixed and the knee is flexed c) deceleration combined with a cutting motion d) hyperextension
b) a twisting motion when the foot is fixed and the knee is flexed
10)Which of the following conditions warrants activation of EMS? a) patellar dislocation b) knee dislocation c) tear of the ACL d) all of the above
b) knee dislocation
2) The anterior cruciate ligament a) resists posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur b) is the primary stabilizer of the knee c) prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur d) resists varus and valgus forces to the knee
c) prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur
8) A sign associated with a sprain of the LCL of the knee is a) significant effusion b) pain on the medial joint line c) significant joint instability d) hearing a "pop" accompanied by sharp lateral pain
d) hearing a "pop" accompanied by sharp lateral pain
19. Which of the following statements is true? A. A sign of an Achilles tendon rupture is that the individual hears a "pop" in the posterior ankle. B. An individual with an Achilles tendon rupture will be able to balance on the affected leg. C. A suspected Achilles tendon rupture requires summoning of EMS D. Achilles tendon ruptures typically occur at the musculotendinous junction.
A. A sign of an Achilles tendon rupture is that the individual hears a "pop" in the posterior ankle.
14. In assessing an on-site acute injury, it is critical that the coach begin the assessment by asking if the individual has sustained previous injury to the body part. A. True B. False
A. True
23. True or False? Management of a contusion to the gastrocnemius includes the application of cold and placing the muscle in a stretched position. A. True B. False
A. True
24. Because the lateral malleolus extends further down than the medial malleolus, inversion sprains are more common than eversion sprains. A. True B. False
A. True
26. If an acute compartment syndrome is not managed properly, irreversible damage can occur within 12 - 24 hours. A. True B. False
A. True
28. Turf toe is a sprain of the plantar capsular ligament of the first MTP joint. A. True B. False
A. True
30. Stress fractures of the tibia and fibula result from repetitive stress to the leg leading to muscle fatigue. A. True B. False
A. True
2. A measurable physical finding regarding the individual's condition is called a: A. primary statusA B. sign C. level of consciousness D. symptom
Answer: B. sign
22. Which of the following statements is true? A. The ideal blood pressure for an adult is 100\60. B. Blood pressure reflects the effectiveness of the circulatory system. C. Diastolic blood pressure is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is beating. D. It is critical that a coach be prepared to assess blood pressure.
Answer: B: Blood pressure reflects the effectiveness of the circulatory system.
21. The type of footwear worn for an activity has minimal impact on the prevention of injuries to the foot and ankle. A. True B. False
B. False
25. In an acute compartment syndrome, signs of neurovascular compression will develop after the individual stops exercising. A. True B. False
B. False
27. The mechanism of injury for an acute compartment syndrome is typically related to training errors (e.g., too much activity too soon.) A. True B. False
B. False
29. As stress is applied to the ankle during plantar flexion and inversion, the first ligament to tear is the calcaeofibular ligament. A. True B. False
B. False
6. Prolonged pressure against the medial aspect of the first MTP joint that leads to thickening of the medial capsule and bursa and results in a severe valgus deformity of the great toe is referred to as A. Hallus rigidus B. Hallus valgus C. MTP sprain D. Claw toe
B. Hallus valgus
10. A common mechanism of injury for a turf toe is A. Wearing shoes that don't fit properly B. Jamming the toe into the end of the shoe C. Increase in training D. Severe
B. Jamming the toe into the end of the shoe
11. The least stable position of the ankle is A. Dorsiflexion B. Plantar flexion C. Inversion D. Eversion
B. Plantar flexion
6. Shock is characterized by A. rapid and strong pulse B. rapid and weak pulse C. slow and weak pulse D. slow and bounding pulse
B. rapid and weak pulse
18. Acute rupture of the Achilles tendon is more commonly seen in individuals between the ages of A. 15 to 20 B. 20 to 30 C. 30 to 50 D. Over 50
C. 30 to 50
17. An individual reports to the coach with a complaint of localized tenderness over the Achilles tendon that began approximately two weeks earlier, morning stiffness to the area, and pain with active and passive motions involving the Achilles tendon. The coach should A. Assess the condition B. Permit the individual to participate in activities as normal, but encourage the individual to see a physician as soon as possible C. Not permit the individual to participate in activities until being seen by a physician D. Apply ice and compression to the area as well as fit the individual for crutches
C. Not permit the individual to participate in activities until being seen by a physician
8. Each of the following signs and symptoms is indicative of shock EXCEPT A. anxiety, restlessness B. extreme thirst C. hot, dry skin D. nausea and/or vomiting
C. hot, dry skin
2. A condition characterized by abnormal thickening of the left ventricle of the heart that develops before age and typically goes undetected during routine physical examination is termed A. myocarditis B. Marfan syndrome C. hypertrophic cariomyopathy D. acquired valavular heart disease
C. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
16. Movement of an affected part by another person or device without effort by the patient is ________ exercise. A. active B. assistive C. passive D. resistive
C. passive
6) A direct blow to the lateral aspect of the knee is a common mechanism of injury for the a) ACL b) PCL c) MCL d) LCL
C.) MCL
7) Locking is a classic sign of injury to the a) patellar bursa b) joint capsule c) medial meniscus d) ACL
C.) Medial meniscus
Emergency
Conditions that impair, or have the potential to impair, the CNS and the cardiorespiratory system
1) The menisci of the knee function to a) absorb and dissipate force b) improve the congruency of the joint c) increase knee stability d) all of the above
D. All of the above
23. As a general rule, the coach should always refer an injured individual to the nearest trauma center or emergency clinic if A. any life-threatening situation is present B. the injury results in loss of normal function C. no improvement is seen in injury status after a reasonable amount of time. D. All of the above
D. All of the above
5. While the background of the coach does not permit evaluation at the level of care of a healthcare professional, the coach should still be prepared A. to perform an onsite-evaluation of acute injuries B. to determine the nature and severity of a condition C. To determine the immediate management of acondition. D. All of the above
D. All of the above
1. Information provided by the individual regarding their perception of the problem is call a: A. primary survey B. secondary survey C. sign D. symptom
D. Symptom
20. Skin color can be assessed by observing A. the face B. muscuous membranes C. nail beds D. all of the above
D. all of the above
9. An individual is experiencing intense itching on the palms of the hands, wheezing, rapid and weak pulse, tightness and swelling in the throat and chest, and swelling of the mucous membranes. What condition should be suspected? A. heart attack B. shock C. internal hemorrhage D. anaphylactic shock
D. anaphylactic shock
5. An adult participant in an aerobics class stops activity and reports pain radiating down the left arm, shortness of breath, and nausea. What condition should be suspected? A. hypotension B. hyperthermia C. shock D. heart attack
D. heart attack
8. Which of the following is a common injury associated with pes planus? A. peroneal tendonitis B. plantar fasciitis C. metatarsalgia D. medial tibial stress syndrome
D. medial tibial stress syndrome
4. Which of the following best illustrates a symptom? A. deformity B. ecchymosis C. crepitation D. tinnitus
D. tinnitus
14)True or False? The normal Q-angle for males and females is the same.
False
15)True or False? The type of shoe worn has minimal, if any impact, on injuries sustained to the knee.
False
Sign vs Symptom
Sign: things someone observes Symptom: the patient reports to you
