Exam 3 BIOL 102 Study Guide

The following is a list of steps involved in the process of phagocytosis. Which of the following answers indicates these steps in the CORRECT order?

-The foreign cell is surrounded by the cell membrane of the phagocyte -The foreign cell is contained within a vesicle -Lysosome fuses with the vesicle containing a foreign cell -lysosomal enzymes break down the foreign cell -wastes from the foreign cell are removed

Arrange the following entries in the order in which air contacts them as air is drawn into the body

-pharynx -larynx -trachea -bronchiole -alveoli

Which one of the following enables T helper cells to stimulate and activate other cells of the immune response?

cytokines

Which layer of the heart is in contract with the blood?

endocardium

All of the following are ways in which a mild fever participates as part of the body's second line of defense and aids the body EXCEPT

enhancing the secretion of antibodies by plasma cells

In which of one of the following blood vessels is blood under the lowest pressure

veins

The atrioventricular valves are closed when the

ventricles contract

All of the following are involved in the generation of an allergic response EXCEPT which one?

IgG

Which one of the following best explains why humans must constantly breathe in oxygen in order to stay alive?

Oxygen is essential for the production of most of the ATPs required to fuel cell functions

Which one of the following is TRUE regrind the spleen?

Red pulp of the spleen stores excess blood

Which one of the following of T cells is a critical component of the immune system because it stimulates and enhances the activity of other components of the immune system?

T helper cell

Ventilation refers to the process by which

air moves into and out of the lungs

The "lub" of the Lub DUB sounds heard through the stethoscope when listening to the heart is produced by the

closing of the two atrioventricular valves

Air in the airways that does not participate in gas exchange is known as

dead space volume

Fluid in the lymphatic system, as well as interstitial fluid, is

derived from blood plasma

Which one of the following is a characteristic of T lymphocytes but NOT B lymphocytes

direct attack of antigen bearing cells

A small amount of fluid is contained in the pleural cavity to

function as a lubricant as the lungs move during ventilation

Skin is able to prevent most microorganisms from entering the body by

having keratin in the uppermost layer

The advantage of having memory cells in specific defenses is that

if exposed to an antigen a second time, they quickly become plasma cells

Viral-infected human cells often send out special proteins that serve as an early warning system to unaffected cells. In response, the uninfected cells develop antiviral proteins that protect them. The early warning proteins sent out by viral infected cells are

interferon

External respiration is the process of

moving gases into or out of the blood stream within lung tissue

The left ventricle has a more muscular wall than the other three chambers of the heart because the left ventricle

must generate enough blood pressure to pump blood into the aorta and throughout the body

Body defenses that respond to generalized tissue damage and many common pathogens referred to as

nonspecific mechanisms

Most of the carbon dioxide released by cells is transported in the venous supply in what form?

soluble bicarbonate ion

A little girl was playing in the snow one day and found that she was wiping her nose quite often. The "runny nose" that she was experiencing due to the cold temperatures result from

the slowed activity of nasal cilia

Deoxygenated blood always flows

toward the right atrium

Which of one of the following is TRUE regarding baroreceptors?

Baroreceptors are pressure sensors that monitor pressure

All of the following are features of capillaries that promote exchange between blood interstitial fluid EXCEPT which one

Capillaries have tiny valves that keep blood flowing one direction

Which immune system cell must be presented with antigen by an antigen presenting cell such as a macrophage, in order to become appropriately activated?

T lymphocyte

Once a macrophage engulfs a bacterium, what happens to the foreign cell?

The bacterium is killed by digestive enzymes released from lysosomes

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the lymphatic system?

The lymphatic system removes microorganisms from body fluid

Which one of the following best explains why people get so many colds in their lifetime

The viruses that cause cold evolve rapidly, which results in a change in their antigenic structure

Which of the following is a CORRECT statement?

Veins are more distensible than arteries

When comparing viruses and bacteria, which on of the following statements is CORRECT?

Viruses and bacteria both contain genetic material

Vaccines contain

antigens of the pathogen

The aortic semilunar valve opens when the

arterial pressure is lower than the ventricular pressure

Blood pressure is highest in

arteries

Life-threatening aneurisms are most likely to occur in

arteries

Which of the following plays the most significant role in regulating and distributing blood into tissues?

arterioles

Once a prion enters a nerve cell, it essentially

becomes self-propagating, causing misfiling of nearby normal proteins

Which of the following leukocytes is most likely to be directly involved in the destruction of flukes (a parasitic flatworm)?

eosinophils

The respiratory control center is located

in the medulla oblongata

Passive immunity differs from active immunity in that passive immunity

involves the administration of preformed antibodies

The release of chemicals from injured cells triggers histamine release from

mast cells

During cytotoxic T cell attack of a target cell, which one of the following is released to pierce the cell membrane of the foreign cell, which ultimately kills the target cell

perforin

Which of the following is a penetrating wound resulting in collapse of the lung?

pneumothorax

Each of the following is part of the systemic circuit EXCEPT the

pulmonary arteries

The senatorial node

regulates the rate of heart contraction

Given the following components of the cardiac conduction cycle, which on of the following best describes the movement of the stimulus that causes a heart contraction

senatorial node, atria, atrioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle, purkinje fibers, ventricles

Electrical impulses that stimulate contraction of heart muscles are initiated in the

sinoatrial node

Following damage to his heart, Jim is having a pacemaker implanted. Which one of the following components of the heart does this device replace the activity

sinoatrial node