EXAM 3- Ch9 Part 2 Review Animations & Quiz: DNA Recombination

During the process of transformation in the lab setting, cells are plated on selective media to a. block the enzymes that might excise the inserted DNA. b. stimulate DNA repair enzymes. c. make sure that only transformants grow. d. prevent the growth of contaminants that arise during the process.

c. make sure that only transformants grow.

The basic parts of a bacteriophage are a. an icosohedral head, central tube, tail pins & fibers. b. a helical capsid, envelope, and spikes. c. an icosohedral capsid, envelope, and central tube. d. a central tube, envelope, tail pins & fibers.

a. an icosohedral head, central tube, tail pins & fibers.

Mismatch repair is activated by a. any difference between the nucleotide sequence in the donor and recipient DNAs. b. any difference between the length of the donor and recipient DNA. c. binding of DNA to the surface protein. d. insertion of any DNA into the recipient.

a. any difference between the nucleotide sequence in the donor and recipient DNAs.

After entry of the bacteriophage into the host cell, a phage enzyme a. breaks the host DNA into fragments. b. breaks the viral capsid into fragments. c. breaks down the host cell nuclear membrane. d. activates host cell ribosomes.

a. breaks the host DNA into fragments.

As a result of mismatch repair during transformation a. cells may have either original DNA or donor DNA in them. b. all cells will have donor DNA in them. c. the donor DNA will become circularized and extrachromosomal. d. all donor DNA will be excised.

a. cells may have either original DNA or donor DNA in them.

Cells that are capable of bringing DNA from their environment in through their cell wall are called ______. a. porous b. competent c. acceptant d. endocytic

b. competent

In the beginning of transformation, ______ binds to the target cell. a. single-stranded DNA b. double-stranded DNA c. a plasmid d. hairpin loop RNA

b. double-stranded DNA

Plasmid DNA is transferred a. as an RNA copy. b. in single-stranded form. c. in double-stranded form. d. in 100 bp fragments.

b. in single-stranded form.

In transduction, bacterial DNA is transferred to a new cell when a. it binds to a receptor on the bacterial cell wall. b. it is injected by the virus. c. an inducer triggers the host to produce new DNA. d. the virus is brought in by endocytosis.

b. it is injected by the virus.

After host cell DNA is broken down by a viral enzyme a. viral proteins begin their assembly and maturation. b. phage DNA is replicated and phage coat proteins are produced. c. viral spike proteins are inserted into the bacterial plasma membrane. d. the host fragments are reassembled into viral DNA.

b. phage DNA is replicated and phage coat proteins are produced.

After the transfer of the F plasmid is complete a. the F- cell becomes HfR. b. the F- cell becomes F+. c. the F+ cell becomes F-. d. the F+ cell expresses an R factor.

b. the F- cell becomes F+.

The main value of bacteria being able to carry out conjugation and other forms of recombination is a. they reproduce much more quickly. b. they create genetic diversity. c. they can increase the size of their chromosome. d. they can protect their genetic material from heat, radiation, and chemicals.

b. they create genetic diversity.

When the bacteriophage transfers bacterial DNA into a recipient bacterial cell a. it triggers the formation of a spore. b. it circularizes and forms a plasmid. c. it can integrate into the chromosome. d. it hybridizes with RNA present in the cell.

c. it can integrate into the chromosome.

During the entry of the donor DNA into the recipient cell a. it is converted into RNA, which passes through pores in the plasma membrane. b. it enters in double-stranded form. c. one strand is broken down by nucleases. d. the DNA binds to fimbrae on the cell's surface.

c. one strand is broken down by nucleases.

A recombinant organism is a. one that has no fixed species designation. b. one that has donated genes to another organism. c. one that contains genes from another organism. d. one that has undergone a mutation.

c. one that contains genes from another organism.

Bacteriophage adsorb or attach a. nonspecifically to bacterial cell walls. b. only to members of the Eubacteria. c. only to members of the same species. d. only to members of the same family.

c. only to members of the same species.

The F plasmid encodes for a. an endonuclease that cleaves the origin of replication. b. receptors on the cell surface. c. the F pilus. d. antibiotic resistance.

c. the F pilus.

F+ cells a. have a plasmid and are recipients in conjugation. b. lack a plasmid and are recipients in conjugation. c. lack a plasmid and are donors in conjugation. d. have a plasmid and are donors in conjugation.

d. have a plasmid and are donors in conjugation.

Transformation is a form of recombination. Recombination is a. a form of mutation that occurs in bacteria. b. DNA - protein binding. c. a form of asexual reproduction for bacteria. d. one bacterium donating DNA to another.

d. one bacterium donating DNA to another.

The donor DNA a. pairs with a purine-rich region in the recipient DNA. b. binds to the origin of replication in the recipient. c. binds to the F factor in the recipient DNA. d. pairs with a homologous region of the recipient DNA.

d. pairs with a homologous region of the recipient DNA.

A difference between transferring plasmids and fragments of DNA between cells is a. fragments are more stable. b. fragments can replicate independently. c. only plasmids can transfer drug resistance genes. d. plasmids can replicate independently.

d. plasmids can replicate independently.

Transformation is facilitated by a. chemicals such as acradine dyes. b. binding of the donor and recipient cells. c. porins in the bacterial cell wall. d. proteins on the cell wall that bind DNA from the environment.

d. proteins on the cell wall that bind DNA from the environment.

If you find that a particular plasmid has an R factor, the bacteria that has it will be a. protected by a capsule. b. moving with a rotating axial filament. c. able to recycle nitrogenous waste into nitrates. d. resistant to antibiotics.

d. resistant to antibiotics.

The F pilus binds to a. saccharides on the recipient. b. endocytic vesicles on the recipient plasma membrane. c. techoic acid in the cell wall of the recipient. d. specific receptors on the cell wall of the recipient.

d. specific receptors on the cell wall of the recipient.

During maturation or formation of phage particles a. single strands of bacterial and viral DNA hybridize. b. a few phage heads may surround fragments of host bacterial DNA. c. viral DNA is wrapped in an endocytic vesicle and released. d. chromosomal fragments start to reassemble.

b. a few phage heads may surround fragments of host bacterial DNA.

plasmids are a. small pieces of linear DNA. b. able to replicate independently of the chromosome. c. found in all bacteria. d. made of single-stranded DNA.

b. able to replicate independently of the chromosome.

The advantageous genes that can be transferred by transduction are genes for ______. a. sugar fermentation b. drug resistance c. toxin production d. All of these choices are correct.

d. All of these choices are correct.

In addition to transformation, the other two forms of horizontal gene transfer (or recombination) are a. missense and nonsense. b. translation and transduction. c. insertion and deletion. d. conjugation and transduction.

d. conjugation and transduction.

The first step in conjugation is a. the release of quorum signaling proteins by each cell. b. mobilization of the plasmid. c. duplication of the plasmid. d. contact between the donor and recipient.

d. contact between the donor and recipient.

Select the term that best describes any organism that contains and expresses genes that originated in another organism. a. Recombinant b. Polymerized c. Synthetic d. Genetically modified

a. Recombinant

Generalized transduction differs from specialized transduction in that a. generalized transduction transfers random DNA fragments while specialized does not. b. generalized transduction can only transfer certain genes. c. generalized transduction can take place between different species while specialized transduction cannot. d. generalized transduction takes place in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, specialized can only occur in gram-negatives.

a. generalized transduction transfers random DNA fragments while specialized does not.

The classic transformation experiment done by Griffith used a. harmless and virulent strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. b. Bacillus anthracis. c. wild-type and mutant strains of E. coli. d. smooth and rough strains of pea plants.

a. harmless and virulent strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The F pilus is a. found on both the donor and recipient cell. b. a protein appendage that attaches the donor to the recipient cell. c. an appendage which enables the cell to swim. d. is made of DNA and is transferred to the recipient cell.

b. a protein appendage that attaches the donor to the recipient cell.

The plasmid is mobilized for transfer when a. it is glycosylated by the Golgi complex. b. an endonuclease cleaves it at the origin of replication. c. a helicase unwinds the two strands. d. single-strand stabilizing proteins attach to it.

b. an endonuclease cleaves it at the origin of replication.