Exam 3 OB
Katie attended a party at her mother's office. She really didn't want to go and was not in a good mood. Her mother introduced Katie to her new assistant, Matthew. When Matthew said, "Hello," Katie responded, "Hi, Michael." Katie is acting in a(n) ________ manner.
attentive
Why should you invest in PsyCap?
because you have the expectation of future returns or benefits
Jennie and Lacey are having an argument. As Lacey speaks, Jennie crosses her arms and looks at the ground. Lacey gets the message even thought Jennie isn't saying anything. Jennie is using ________ in the conversation with Lacey.
body language
According to Barbara Fredrickson's theory, positive emotions
broaden your perspective and build on themselves.
When positive practices reduce the impact of negative events or stressors, a(n) _________ effect has occurred.
buffering
A(n) _______ helps guide behavior as well as avoid and overcome conflict.
charter
Norman is elected president of the debate club. He is known as a team player. That means that Norman is
committed, collaborative, and competent.
______ is a circular and dynamic process in which people interpret and make sense of the information they exchange.
communication
Michele is concerned with the victims of Hurricane Simon, which has devastated her home state of Florida. She starts a fund to help the victims of this disaster. Michele is displaying
compassion.
______ trust addresses the question: "How effectively do people meet or perform their responsibilities and acknowledge other people's skills and abilities?"
competence trust
Cue Company's Research & Development team has developed a new malaria treatment, and the company anticipates large profits over the next five years. Cue will supply 15 percent of the drug free of charge to people in poor countries. In addition, the company will sponsor employee volunteer teams to help build medical clinics in identified areas, with no loss of vacation time or pay. What system is Cue Company practicing?
conscious capitalism
Linda wants to leave her company. No one ever seems to do what they say they will do. In addition, her manager's expectations seem to change from one day to the next. Linda is missing
contractual trust
The team is generating a lot of ideas on how to approach the management case study problem. Everyone seems to have a plan. Joe stands up and says, "I will make a list on the board of all of our ideas." Joe is acting as
coordinator
Neil is attending a job fair. He knows that there is a lot of competition for these positions and wants to stand out. Neil practices his greeting and "elevator" pitch in front of a mirror. He brings copies of his résumé and business cards. On each card, he notes his blog site address. On the blog, he has comments on several recent articles about new technologies in this field. Neil is maximizing
crossing your arms
JM Video Games uses ________ to help design new products. It reviews proposed designs twice a year, and the winner of the design competition is awarded $2,500.
crowdsourcing
Some organizations block employees' access to social media sites. This can
damage employee moral and loyalty
Louis is a member of the marketing team on the Superb Mattress account. Recently, he has emerged as a team leader. His supervisor, Michele, is letting Louis make the final decision as to which campaigns are presented to the client. This provides Louis with
decision-making discretion.
Raj is listening to his parents, who are unhappy about his grades. He is sitting in the chair, with his legs crossed and arms folded. Raj is communicating
defensiveness
_________ occurs when people perceive that they are being attacked or threatened.
defensiveness
Alicia is meeting with her study group. She is listening to the group, but is also worried about her dad who is scheduled for surgery tomorrow. She hasn't asked as many questions or provided much information as she usually does. Alicia will focus on the conversation for a while, but then sits back and stares ahead. This is an example of a(n) ______ listener.
detached
Whalin Seafood Co. made a corporate commitment to sustainability, modifying the ways in which they purchase products. Two years ago, Whalin made a corporate commitment to local sourcing and saw their profits increase. This is an example of
doing well and doing good.
Cyrus accepts a position as a part-time clerk at a small hardware store. His manager, Max, wants to confirm Cyrus's hours for the next 10 days. This is a fairly routine and predictable situation, so Max
e-mails a follow-up to Cyrus.
_______ is the process of translating thoughts into a code or language that can be understood by others.
ecoding
Ghandi stated, "If I have the belief that I can do it, I shall surely acquire the capacity to do it even if I may not have had it at the beginning." What emotion does this represent?
efficacy
Javier's supervisor asks him to create a PowerPoint presentation for the next staff meeting based on a series of note cards he provided. Javier is experiencing ________ because he is proficient at PowerPoint.
efficacy
What is the difference between formal and informal groups?
in a formal group, the relationship between the members is professional and they gather just to accomplish the task allowed to them; while an informal group there is a personal relationship between the members as they share their experiences, problems with each other
Pietro is assigned to a team in his environmental science class. He is not comfortable with Sam, the team leader, but is not completely sure why. Which of the following behaviors would not build trust?
if sam keeps information to himself
Leaning backward or gesturing with palms facing up communicate _______, a term used to represent availability for communication.
immediacy
Rinaldo is working on a financial analysis of a potential acquisition. It has taken three days of concentrated effort. Jeff stops by to ask for advice. Rinaldo says he can't break his concentration just then. Rinaldo is
in the zone.
Sean is questioning his team's effectiveness. He asks himself "Is the group performing less than, equal to, or greater than the sum of its parts?" Once he thinks this through, he recognizes that two people are not contributing at all. What can be done to guard against social loafing?
increase group size
A person who clarifies key issues for a group has taken on the role of
information seeker/giver
Amy receives a note from Carrie, asking her to pick up some materials for a project from Staples. Amy does the shopping, but misses a few items because she can't decipher Carrie's writing. This is an example of
noise
Dana is trying to talk to a client from Russia, but his Russian accent is so thick that she can hardly understand what he is saying. In this situation, ________ hampers Dana's communication with her client.
noise
Marianne is in her business statistics class, sitting by Darius. Darius is holding his cell phone under the desk, texting someone, and it is distracting Marianne from listening to the professor's lecture. This is an example of
noise
Therese is making a presentation in one of her classes. Her PowerPoint slides contain several arithmetic errors that Kathy is finding distracting. This is an example of
noise
Linguistic style includes all of the following except
nonverbal behavior
A feeling of team spirit is sometimes experienced during the _______ stage because members believe they have found their proper roles. Group cohesiveness, defined as the "we feeling" that binds members of a group together, is the principal by-product of Stage 3.
norming
Group members tend to be uncertain and anxious about such unknowns as their roles, the people in charge, and the group's goals during the _____ stage.
norming
In which stage of the group development process do group members resolve their power struggles so that something can be accomplished?
norming
Xavier has a degree in English. He wants to get a job in publishing, but knows he will have to start as an assistant or possibly a part-time employee. Xavier is both realistic and flexible. This is an example of
optimism.
________ creates positivity from situation factors.
organizational climate
The ______ keeps the group headed toward its stated goals.
orienter
Professor Marsden explains to the class that he wants the assigned paper submitted for review at several points in the research process. Lydia notes that she has to submit the paper multiple times. Marcy notes that the paper has to be reviewed before it is final. This reflects the ______ of communication.
perceptual model
Teams are task groups that have matured to the _____ stage.
performing
The ____ stage is often characterized by a climate of open communication, strong cooperation, and lots of helping behavior. Cohesiveness and personal commitment to group goals help the group achieve more than could any one individual acting alone
performing
Otto is convinced that social media offers many benefits for employees and wants to institute a plan at Compass Inc. Which of the following is a potential benefit for employees?
personal stability
Jonathan is concerned about an important presentation that he will be making next week. He asks Roger to listen to it and give him Feedback. He is in the ___________ step of the TED protocol for effective presentations.
plan of delivery
Kerry's manager asks her to head up a team reviewing office protocols. Kerry is in a great mood, having received a substantial bonus last week. This indicates that ________ experiences lead us to be more responsive to positive information.
positive
Mary is happy to work in a company that fosters great relationships. In particular, Mary is impressed with the level of communication on the group and team level as well as throughout the organization. Overall, her company offers a(n)
positive climate.
________ is one characteristic that describes an organization with positive OB.
positive deviance
Mickey is a successful salesman at AHR Corp. In addition to his normal duties, Mickey has created a best practices manual for new salespeople to help ensure their success. This is an example of
positive deviance.
The ________ effect is the attraction of all living systems toward that which is life-giving and away from that which is life-depleting.
positivity
Macallan Financial investment makes decisions based on financial research, interviewing managers and employees at companies under consideration, and assessing the ________ by examining annual rankings contained in independent sources such as Fortune and Working Mother. These rankings measure communication, work-life balance, training and development, recognition for hard work and teamwork.
potential for advancement
Organizational ________ is the host of procedures, policies, routines, and rules that organizations use to get things done.
practices
Larry learned that his coworker Simon had a vacation planned with his family for an upcoming reunion and had used all of his paid annual leave. Since Larry knew he wouldn't be using all of his annual leave, he donated three days to Simon. This is an example of ________ behavior in the organization.
prosocial
Wanda sees a woman struggling with a small child and two bags of groceries. She stops and offers to carry the grocery bags to the woman's car. This is ________ behavior.
prosocial
______ is one advantage of having a face-to-face conversation.
provides a written record
Self-efficacy is a component of
psychological capital
The perceptual model of communication depicts communication as a process in which
receivers create meanings in their own mind
Which of the following is a benefit of purposefully building a fun work environment?
upward spirals of positivity
To manage e-mail effectively, an employee should
use a spell checker
Michele is a freelancer who works with a publishing company on an editorial team. She resides in Connecticut, while the company is based in Illinois. Michele attends team meetings via Skype and is in constant email contact. This is an example of a(n) ____ team.
virtual
We have the cognitive capacity to process words at a much higher rate than people speak. Which of the following can result from this?
we miss or lose some of what we hear
Sharon has to train several new freelancers on a fairly simple computer system used by XYZ Company. The freelancers are located in different states. Which of the following mediums serves her purpose?
webinars
Hope consists of
willpower and waypower
Flourishing represents the extent to which our lives contain PERMA—
.positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and achievement.
In regard to differences in how men and women communicate, in general
1. Men "One Up" / Women Share experiences2. Men move to problem Solving / Women take collaborative results?3. Men talk more / Women ensure equality4. Men use goal oriented style / Women use use passive/assertive style:
Experts estimate that about ________ of every conversation is interpreted through nonverbal communication.
65 to 95%
_________ teams are created with members from different disciplines within an organization, such as finance, operations, and R&D.
Cross-Functional Work Teams
_________ are discussions between two or more people where the stakes are high, opinions vary, and emotions run strong.
Crucial
________ is the characteristic of PsyCap that consists of having confidence.
Efficacy
Which of the following is not an element of POB?
Employees are self-absorbed and anxious.
Which of the following statements is true?
Employees' level of flourishing is related to organizational outcomes such as productivity and financial performance.
Which of the following actions does not foster employee positivity?
Focus only on providing positive feedback.
A person in the encourager role will
Foster group solidarity by accepting and praising various points of view
________ is the characteristic of PsyCap that consists of persevering toward goals.
Hope
Which of the following is true about balancing positive and negative emotions?
Ideally, we should try to have more positive experiences than negative.
In the Framework of POB,________ is/are a key input to positivity from situation factors.
Mindfulness
Which of the following statements about mindfulness is false?
Mindfulness requires less effort than letting our minds wander.
________ is defined as employees' perceptions of formal and informal organizational policies, practices, procedures and routines:
Organizational climate
Which of the following situations does not reflect mindfulness?
Pat is biking to school when someone cuts her off and causes her to fall. She gets up and starts kicking her bicycle.
________ is not one of the components of well-being.
Productivity
What is true about research on the relationship of virtuous leadership to organizational and individual employee performance?
Recent research in this area has shown a positive relationship between these variables
Harriet is an active member of the large Freshman Orientation board. There are five separate teams on this board, and they all want Harriet as a member because she is good at keeping the team on track. Which of the following behaviors does Harriet exhibit?
She helps plan and organize work; monitors progress; and provides constructive feedback
________ is one characteristic that describes an organization without positive OB.
Single-minded focus on winning
________ is the amount of perceived helpfulness derived from our relationships with others.
Social support
Strategies to increase positive experiences include all of the following except
Strategies to increase positive experiences include all of the following except
In the TED five-step protocol for effective presentations, TED stands for
Technology, education, design
________ are abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations.
Values
Which of the following is true of virtuous leadership?
Virtuous leaders promote trust.
________ represents what individuals and organizations aspire to be when they are at their very best.
Virtuousness
________ is the need to see one or more alternative paths to achieve a goal, even when faced with adversity.
Waypower
________ is defined as belonging to and serving something that you believe is bigger than yourself.
________ is defined as belonging to and serving something that you believe is bigger than yourself.
Which of the following is not one of the most frequently experienced positive emotions?
accomplishment
Your top signature strengths are curiosity, love of learning, and social intelligence. Which of the following careers would probably not be a good match for you?
accountant
Maria needs to talk to her coworker, Wayne, about his offensive behavior at the group dinner. To discuss this effectively, which of the following should Maria avoid?
accuse Wayne of improper actions
Positive practices that escalate positive outcomes because of their associations with positive emotions and social capital are having a(n) ________ effect.
amplifying
Which of the following is not a component of virtuous leadership?
empowering others
Harry is thinking about meeting Connie. He writes a text message to Connie, inviting her for a drink at the local bar. This is an example of
encoding
Meghan is a member of a group that raises money for a homeless shelter. She feels that the group spends too much time arguing the merits of different fundraisers and needs to make a decision. She calls for a vote at today's meeting. Meghan has taken on the role of
energizer
Jennifer recently accepted a position in the sales department of XYZ Corporation. She really wants to make a good impression and has been working hard. During a coffee break, her coworker, Maria tells Jennifer that the sales manager has been very impressed with Jennifer's attention to detail. Maria is performing ________ support.
esteem
There are two competing explanations about the origin of linguistic styles between men and women: ______ and ______.
evolutionary physiology and the social role theory
If a manager wants to reduce the chances of an employee becoming defensive, he or she should
exhibit empathy
Younger employees also are more likely to use the Internet and social media to accomplish their tasks. This is an example of the ___________ that represent the key issue when considering communication across generations.
expectations and norms
Research by the Gallup organization on employee strengths shows that employees who reported using their strengths every day at work are 15 percent less likely to
experience burnout, disengagement, or decreased job satisfaction
______ is the richest form of communication.
face to face exchanges
Rebecca e-mailed a wedding invitation to her cousin Shawn. A few days later, she got a reply saying that he can't make it to the wedding because he will not be able to get any vacation. In the communication process, Shawn's reply is an example of
feedback
When a receiver expresses a reaction to the sender's message, he or she is
feedback
A state of ________ exists when employees are physically, cognitively, and emotionally engaged in an activity or project.
flow
When we are in ________ we are not necessarily thinking about anything; we are just doing.
flow
At the weekly staff meeting, Carrie is always criticizing one project manager or another. She claims to run a "tight ship,"and she doesn't listen to explanations of delays or additional workload. Carrie's employees dread and resent these meetings. To move forward, these employees need to learn
forgiveness.
______ groups are assigned by organizations or managers, while _______ groups form when the members' purpose of getting together is friendship or a common interest.
formal/informal
Phil is part of a newly formed work group. He has been introduced to all the group members, but he still feels like he cannot trust them. The group has not yet chosen a leader, and Phil feels unsure about his exact role within the group. According to Tuckman's five-stage model of group development, which of the following stages is Phil's group currently in?
forming
A person in the ______ role will encourage all group members to participate.
gatekeeper
A person should ________ in order to develop hope.
generate an important goal that is attainable yet challenging.
Susan, a management major, is taking an overload of classes this term. On a team project in one of her classes, one of her teammates sees how busy she is and does the final proofreading of the team project for her. Susan is most likely feeling
gratitude.
________ are powerful forms of social control that influence group and member behavior.
group role and norms
Claire takes on the role of ______; she tends to mediate conflict through humor.
harmonizer
Recent research shows that in the forming and storming stages of team development, teams perform better when members exhibit which of the following personality traits?
high tolerance for uncertainty
People with high levels of positive psychological capital tend to display
hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism.
Veronica just accepted a job at QuizBiz. She left a large company that offered big bonuses for salespersons who exceeded their quotas. At QuizBiz, the individual bonuses are smaller, but there are team rewards as well. This is known as a _____ reward system.
hybrid
What has been shown by research to reduce social loafing?
hybrid rewards
John received a poor performance evaluation from his boss. On the weekend, he talks with his neighbor Faisal about his situation. Faisal asks him questions about his work and the evaluation, and as a result John develops a plan of action for improving his productivity. Faisal has provided
informational support.
Kelly is a member of the community service group of her sorority. Traditionally, they pick a charity and run one fundraiser. Kelly suggests a new approach. In addition to the charity work, she wants to establish a new goal- that the members mentor inner city children. Kelly is acting as
initiator
Karla received an outstanding performance review and her manager encouraged her to further her education because she shows initiative and a willingness to do more than what she feels are her abilities. ________ is the emotion Karla is most likely experiencing.
inspiration
Lee and Victor are good friends. Lee's laptop computer has become very slow and is not working correctly, and he goes to Victor and asks for help. Victor downloads some antimalware software onto Lee's computer, and its performance improves. Victor has provided
instrumental support.
Steve has been doing his own taxes for years and recently ran into a problem. He has asked his friend Joanne, an accountant, to go through the financial details with him. Steve needs
instrumental support.
Derek manages his team by promoting trust by making sure his words match his actions. If he promises something, he holds true to his word. He is also guided by morals and being honest. As a virtuous leader, what trait is he exhibiting?
integrity
Eileen signed up for a photography class after having seen some spectacular wildlife art pictures done by a local artist. She is most likely experiencing
interest.
Karin has to make a presentation on the new social media policy. She wants to make it creative primarily because
it is more effective if you present your message more as a colorful story with emotion than as a detail-laden report.
Dylan and Jack are playing a game of chess. Jack wins, and then he touches Dylan on the shoulder and says "good game." What does this communicate?
jack likes Dylan
Positive nonverbal actions include all of the following except
kinetics
Negative nonverbal communication skills include avoiding eye contact, ________, and speaking too fast.
leaning forward
_________ is a set of culturally learned signals by which we communicate what we mean and interpret others' meanings and evaluate one another as people.
linguistic style
Which of the following is not an outcome likely to result from positive emotions?
loss of focus
Of the following, ________ is the most frequently experienced emotion.
love
Erin is getting some funny looks in the office. Every few hours or so she sits up in her desk chair with her feet grounded, closes her eyes and takes a deep breath two times. She is practicing
mindfulness
Some companies now allow employees to use noise-canceling headphones at work, thinking that it prevents distractions. Others companies disagree, noting that concentration goes down. These companies want to encourage
mindfulness
________ is widely practiced by employees and in workplaces everywhere. Many companies are now even sponsoring this type of training for their employees
mindfulness
Dr. Riley, a professor in the economics department, finds that if he keeps his door open, people tend to stop in to say hello. This interruption is distracting. So now Dr. Riley keeps his office door open only a crack during his office hours, asking visitors to knock before entering. This small change allows him to grade exams more quickly and accurately. This is an example of his increasing his
mindfulness.
Reyna is meeting with her supervisor to discuss a project. Someone knocks on the door and walks in, saying, "I have a quick question." The supervisor keeps looking at Reyna and puts her hand up to stop the person who interrupted them. This behavior reflects
mindfulness.
Chris just finished a calculus test. Afterward, he walked all the way across campus without being aware of anything or anyone he passed. Chris is being
mindless.
Social media benefits for employers include all the following
minimize cyberloafing
Amanda is preparing for Jerome's annual review. He is a solid employee—with strong analytical, computer and critical thinking skills. Jerome needs to work on his timeliness and communication skills. Amanda only discusses Jerome's shortcomings during the review, making this a(n) ________ experience.
negative
Managers tend to give more ________ feedback than positive feedback to employees.
negative
Armando has a goal of earning a B in his statistics course, but currently his grade is a C-. Therefore, he decides to study more hours for the next test and even get involved in a study group. Armando is experiencing
resilience.
Imelda's life is difficult right now. Her husband and she recently decided to divorce and she is now a single parent of two preteenagers. They are good kids, but it is difficult taking care of them and managing her full-time job as a middle manager. Imelda has started taking work home at night and finishing projects at night after her children are in bed. Imelda is likely exhibiting
resilience.
Pete and Dana are working on a project together. They disagree on how to present the key concept of equality. Dana complains that Pete is dismissing her "feminist" position without consideration. Pete claims that Dana considers him a chauvinist. Wyatt, their supervisor, knows that both Pete and Dana are committed employees who support equality. He sits both of them down to work through the issues. This reflects ________ justice.
restorative
What are the three global values that are essential for promoting positive OB?
restorative justice, compassion, and temperance
Groups transform individuals into functioning organizational members communicating and enforcing ______ expectations.
role
During a class lecture, Mike finds himself thinking about an argument he had last night with his girlfriend. Mike is displaying
rumination.
Joseph wants Taylor to pick up some snacks to bring to a meeting. In this case, Joseph is the ______ (the person wanting to communicate information), and Taylor is the _______ (the person, group, or organization for whom the message is intended).
sender; receiver
A follower is a person who
serves as a passive audience
Which of the following is not a criteria for businesses demonstrating doing well and doing good?
shareholder centrism
In which way do employees waste time on social media?
shopping online, surfing the internet
Jackson and Samuel both work for XYZ Company, in different departments. They discover a common interest in classic cars, and on weekends often meet up at car shows. They are probably providing ________ to each other.
social companionship
Which of the following is not a form of social support?
spending time discussing your vision
A commentator will record and comment on group processes/dynamics, while a(n) _____ will evaluate the quality of group processes.
standard setter
Xavier is creating a social media policy for OCA & Associates. He plans to: 1.Outline consequences for violations. 2. Align the policy with the organization's culture. 3. Stay away from defining what is considered illegal. 4. Clarify what is confidential. 5. Designate a spokesperson for online policies. Which of these is not an element of an effective social media policy?
stay away from defining what is considered legal
Carol takes over as CEO of Sandstorm Jeans, a company on the verge of bankruptcy. She institutes radical changes and eliminates 35 percent of the positions. Even after this, the remaining employees resist her ideas. This represent the ____ stage; it is a time of testing.
storming
Which of the following is not a benefit of positive emotions?
survival orientation
Lana is frustrated with her OB project group. She frequently asks: "What's the problem with our group? We don't seem to be getting anywhere." This is a(n) ____ function.
task
A ________ is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable.
team
_____ are deliberate plans that outline exactly what the team is to do, such as goal setting and defining roles.
team performance strategies
In a study of executives from 300 companies, the most desirable soft skill named was
teamwork
Wendy is running the weekly staff meeting at Janus Services. Brad, a coworker, is unprepared for the meeting and doesn't have the correct information for his department. He is increasingly rude and impatient, annoying the other staff members. Brad is exhibiting a lack of
temperance
Communication competence is
the ability to take part in effective communication that is characterized by skills and understandings that enable communicators to exchange messages successfully
Why is it critical for managers to develop policies and procedures governing the appropriate use of social media?
they have to develop policies for governing social media use
______ is a reciprocal belief that another person will consider how their intentions and behaviors will affect you.
trust
