Exam 3 VTNE Review Questions

During an ultrasound of the bladder, a hyperechoic (white) linear structure is seen that creates a black shadow obscuring all structures deep to it. What is this structure most likley?

A bladder stone

The imaging technique that involes a piezolectric crystal within a transducer is a. ultrasound b. tomography c. magnetic resonance d. scintigraphy

A. Ultrasound

MRI compatible metals should be made only with?

Aluminum(nothing else matters!)

A urine-filled bladder is usually best classified as

Anechoic

The unit of measurement for CT, the Hounsfield unit (HU), is -1000 for what substance? A. Bone B. Air C. Water D. Blood

B. Air

An area on the distal limb is A. Toward the tail B. Away from the point of attachment C. Toward the head D. Toward the point of attachment

B. Away from the point of attachment

the imaging technique that uses x-rays and computers to produce images that show anatomy in a cross section is a. scintigraphy b. CT c. MRI d. Fluroscopy

B. CT

What does Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) require to highlight injections, tumors, or vascular disease? A. Non-ionic Iodide B. Gadolinium C. Fludeoxyglucose D. Barium

B. Gadolinium

Cranial describes a location toward the a. Tail b. Head c. Underside on a quadruped d. Point of attachment

B. Head

Which imaging modality involves the use of radioisotopes (radionuclides) to visualize and diagnose diseases in the body? A. Computed Tomography (CT) B. Nuclear Scintigraphy C. Fluoroscopy D. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

B. Nuclear Scintigraphy

What imaging modality uses a small amount of radioactive material to examine organ function/metabolism and is generally paired with CT or MRI? A. CT scan B. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) C. Fluoroscopy D. MRI scan

B. Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Which of the following image receptors is used in dental imaging? A) phosphor plates B) film C) both a and b D) neither a nor b

C) both a and b

the ultrasound term that refers to few echoes detected and the area is a low-level gray compared with the surrounding tissue is a. anechoic b. hyperechoic c. echoic d. hypoechoic

D. Hypoechoic

a noninvasive imaging procedure that uses a small amount of radioactive material administered intravenously is a. ultrasound b tomography c. magnetic resonance d. scintigraphy

D. Scintigraphy

Which of the following components of a digital x-ray machine affects image quality the most?

Monitor (if the monitor has a low pixel count, or a poor picture, the radiographs would look awful! Think of it like a old phone, vs. an Iphone camera.)

When taking a lateral thoracic radiograph, the spine and thorax need to be in what relationship to the cassette to ensure the patient is not rotated?

Parallel to the cassette

A dorsoproximal-dorsodistal oblique of the carpus is commonly known as:

Skyline view

When radiographing a long bone, what should be included on the proximal and distal aspects of the image?

The proximal and distal joint

When taking a DLPMO radiograph of a horses fetlock with a portable x-ray unit Where should the x-ray unit be and where should the cassette be?

The x-ray unit should be on the more dorsal side, while the cassette should be on the more medial aspect of the limb. (This is an oblique, which comes at a 45 degree angle between the dorsal and lateral aspect of the limb and the film is placed about 45 degrees between the plantar and medial aspects of the limb)

T/F: In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in a t2-weighted image cerebrospinal fluid is bright white.

True

True or False? Computed Tomography (CT) and NOT Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the preferred imaging modality for brain and spinal cord

True

To ensure that your DV radiograph for the skull is parallel and perpendicular, you should try to have a. An imaginary line drawn between the medial canthi parallel to the film b. An imaginary line drawn between the medial canthi perpendicular to the film c. The nose pointing to the front of the cassette d. The ears parallel with each other

a. An imaginary line drawn between the medial canthi parallel to the film

A bladder stone is hyperechoic. What type of image does this project on the ultrasound monitor? a. Bright white image b. Black image c. No detectable d. Gray image

a. Bright white image

What imaging modality involves using ionizing (x-ray) radiation to image anatomy in cross section and 3D? a. CT scan b. Nuclear Scintigraphy c. Ultrasound d. MRI scan

a. CT scan

Which of the following best describes a high-frequency ultrasound unit transducer? a. Decreased resolution and decrease penetration b. Increased resolution and increased penetration c. Decreases resolution and increases penetration d. Increases resolution and decreases penetration

a. Decreased resolution and decrease penetration

Cervical VD radiographs should be a. Just ahead of shoulders b. Just behind shoulders c. Measured at the level of the umbilicus d. Measured at the level of the xyphoid

a. Just ahead of shoulders

The term dosromedial-plantarolateral oblique is in reference to the a. Metatarsus b. Stifle c. Metatarsus and stifle d. Carpus

a. Metatarsus

Hypoechoic tissues have which of the following characteristics in an ultrasonic study? a. Reflect few echoes that result in low-level grays on the screen b. Reflect many echoes that result in bright white areas on the screen c. Reflect few to no echoes that result in black areas on the screen d. Reflect few echoes that result in bright white areas on the screen

a. Reflect few echoes that result in low-level grays on the screen

What unit of measurement is involved in MRI? a. Tesla b. Millcurie c. kVp/mAs d. Megahertz

a. Tesla

The imaging technique that involves a piezoelectric crystal within a transducer is a. Ultrasound b. Tomography c. Magnetic resonance d. Scintigraphy

a. Ultrasound

Images are displayed in real time in which of the following? a. Ultrasound and fluoroscopy b. CT and MRI c. Scintigraphy d. PET scan

a. Ultrasound and fluoroscopy

Ventral describes the location toward a. Underside on a quadruped b. Back on a quadruped c. Head d. Point of attachment

a. Underside on a quadruped

which of the following typically appear hyperechoic (bright white) on ultrasound imaging?

air (gas) and bone

Hypoechoic

appears black on ultrasound. Liver, bladder, stomach

Hyperechoic

appears white on ultrasound. Bone, facia

A urine-filled bladder usually best classified as a. Hyperechoic b. Anechoic c. Hypoechoic d. Attenuated

b. Anechoic

The imaging technique that uses x-rays and computers to produce images that show anatomy in a cross section is a. Scintigraphy b. CT c. MRI d. Fluoroscopy

b. CT

Thoracic vertebral radiographic series should be a. Centered and measured at the cranial border of the scapula b. Centered and measured at the caudal border of the scapula c. Centered and measured at the level of C2 d. Centered and measured at the level of L2

b. Centered and measured at the caudal border of the scapula

A lateral skull radiograph should be a. Done on awake patients only b. Done on anesthetized patients only c. Always done without an endotracheal tube d. Taken form the zygomatic arch to the sagittal crest

b. Done on anesthetized patients only

The term dorsomedial-plantaroleteral oblique means that the x-ray is directed at the a. Dorsal limb aspect, and the film is against the medial side of the limb b. Dorsal limb aspect, and the film is against the lateral side of the limb c. Plantar limb aspect, and the film is against the medial side of the limb D. Plantar limb aspect, and the film is against the lateral side of the limb

b. Dorsal limb aspect, and the film is against the lateral side of the limb

A dorsopalmar-lateromedial oblique projection of a horse's fetlock is made. Which sesamoid listed is clearly delineated with this film? a. Medial b. Lateral c. Interdigital d. Distal

b. Lateral

An important radiographic aid used during lateral cervical radiographs is a a. Sandbag under the midcervical region b. Radiolucent positioned under the midcervical region c. Sandbag over the midcervical region d. No aid needed

b. Radiolucent positioned under the midcervical region

A left 20-degree ventral/right dorsal oblique projection of a dog's skull is made. Which tympanic bulla would be more ventral on this film? a. Left b. Right c. Neither-they would be superimposed over one another d. Neither, they are not imaged with this projection

b. Right

For VD thoracic spine radiographs, you would measure at a. T5 b. T13 c. T11 d. T10

b. T13

When taking cervical radiographs, one should measure at a. C1 b. C2 c. C3 d. C4

c. C3

The imaging study that gives a "real time" image is also known as "interventional radiography" is: a. Positron Emission Tomography b. Computed tomography c. Fluoroscopy d. Computed Radiography

c. Fluoroscopy

What is the name of the process of visualizing motion radiographic films? a. Radioscopy b. Endoscopy c. Fluoroscopy d. Computed tomography

c. Fluoroscopy

Where should the primary beam be center when radiographing a the canine lumbar spine in a ventrodorsal projection? a. L2 b. L3 c. L4 d. L5

c. L4

Which of the following involves no ionizing radiation to create the image? a. scintigraphy b. CT c. MRI d. Fluroscopy

c. MRI

Which phase is not associated with Nuclear Scintigraphy bone scan? a. Bone phase b. Vascular phase c. Nervous tissue phase d. Soft tissue phase

c. Nervous tissue phase

The best views for the tympanic bullae is a. Lateral b. Open-mouthed ventrodorsal c. Open-mouthed rostrocaudal d. Dorsoventral oblique

c. Open-mouthed rostrocaudal

The information yielded with nuclear scintigraphy includes which of the following? a. Anatomic detail of the organ being studied b. Mucosal detail of the organ being studies c. Physiologic information about the function of the organ under study d. Prognosis with respect to malignant or non malignant status

c. Physiologic information about the function of the organ under study

What does the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) unit use to manipulate Hydrogen atoms in and out of an excited energy state? a. Ionizing radiation b. Ultrasonic waves c. Radiofrequency waves d. Magnet

c. Radiofrequency waves

When radiographing the skull in Dorsoventral position, it is important to a. Position the animal so the tympanic bullae are superimposed over one another b. Position the animal so the hard palate is perpendicular to the cassette c. Remove the endotracheal tube before making the exposure d. Place the animal in left lateral recumbency

c. Remove the endotracheal tube before making the exposure

Where should the primary beam be centered for a lateral view of the canine thoracic spine? a. T3 b. T5 c. T7 d. T9

c. T7

Which of the following is true regarding window level and window width in CT? a. The widow width sets the center or midpoint of range of gray levels to be displayed on the monitor b. The window level determine the monitor c. The window level controls image density d. The window level controls image contrast

c. The window level controls image density

Rostral describes a location a. Away from the median plane b. Toward the tail c. Toward the nose d. Toward the ears

c. Toward the nose

Which imaging modality uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the inside of the body? a. CT scan b. Nuclear Scintigraphy c. Ultrasound d. MRI scan

c. Ultrasound

For a Dorsoventral (DV) view of the entire skull, you should center the primary beam a. At the medial canthi on the bridge of the nose b. Between the ears c. At the highest point of the zygomatic arch d. Between the lateral canthi on sagital crest

d. Between the lateral canthi on sagital crest

For cervical studies you should center the primary beam at a. C7 to C8 b. The atlas c. The axis d. C3 to C4

d. C3 to C4

The ultrasound term that refers to few echoes detected, and the area is a low-level gray compared with the surrounding tissue, is a. Anechoic b. Hyperechoic c. Echoic d. Hypoechoic

d. Hypoechoic

Which imaging modality uses a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to creat detailed images of the body? a. CT scan b. Nuclear Scintigraphy c. Ultrasound d. MRI scan

d. MRI scan

A noninvasive imaging procedure that uses a small amount of radioactive material administer intravenously is a. Ultrasound b. Tomography c. Magnetic resonance d. Scintigraphy

d. Scintigraphy

A noninvasive imaging procedure that uses a small amount of radioactive material administered intravenously is a. Ultrasound b. Tomography c. Magnetic resonance d. Scintigraphy

d. Scintigraphy

which of the following is true about ultrasound proves?

higher frequency wavelengths produce a better quality image, but they have less penetrating power when compared to lower frequency probes

the current accepted standard image format is DICOM (digital imaging and communications in medicine) DICOM films have many advantages over other types. which is not an advantage?

they require special viewing format (eFilm, etc.) they can, however be sent to other veterinarians quite easily