Exam #4

Realism

-A 19th century style that portrayed subject matter realistically -Rather than portraying idealism or mythology, the realists portrayed life as it really was -the Realists rendered their subjects as seen by the naked eye -The Realists emphasized the 2-D canvas rather than the illusion of 3-D -Courbet, Manet, Daumier

Neoclassicism (David and Ingres)

-An 18th century revival of Classical Greek and Roman art, characterized by simplicity and straight lines -David's neoclassicism, seen in the rational, geometric structure of his composition, provides strong contrast to the lyrical softness of Rococo designs

Romanticism (Delacroix and Goya)

-An 19th century art movement that rebelled against academic neoclassicism by seeking extremes of emotion as enhanced by virtuoso brushwork and a brilliant palette -Delacroix's brushwork is loose and open, or painterly, not at all like the cool precision of Neoclassicism. He used all of these devices in order to enhance the viewers emotional response to a horrifying, if imagined, event -Goya's is a ground breaking Romantic painter and printmaker. His work is more than a mere reconstruction of history; it is a universal protest against the brutality of tyrannical governments

Fluxus

-Beuys, Yoko Ono, Kaprow - a loose international group of artists, poets, and musicians whose only shared impulse was to integrate life into art through the use of found events, sounds, and materials, thereby bringing about social and economic change in the art world.

Futurism

-Boccioni, Balla -A group movement that grew out of Cubism. Futurists added implied motion to the shifting planes and multiple observation points of the Cubists; they celebrated natural as well as mechanical motion and speed. Their glorification of danger, war, and the machine age was in keeping with the martial spirit.

Feminism

-Chicago, Orlan, Spero -In art, a movement among artists, critics, and art historians. Feminists seek to validate and promote art forms that express the unique experience of women, and to redress oppression by men

Surrealism

-Dali, Miro -A movement in literature and visual arts that. Based upon revealing the unconscious mind in dream images, the irrational, and the fantastic. Surrealism took two directions: representational and abstract. Dali's and Magritte's paintings, with their uses of impossible combinations of objects depicted in realistic detail, typify representational Surrealism. Miro's paintings, with his use of abstract and fantastic shapes and vaguely defined creatures, are typical of abstract Surrealism

Fauves

-Derain, Vlamnick, early Matisse -Wild Beasts -A group of younge expressionist artists attempting to advance the colorist tradition in modern French painting -expanded on the innovations of the post impressionists -the Fauves took color farther from its traditional role of describing the natural appearance of an object. In this way, their work led to an increasing use of color as an independent expressive element. -areas of bright, contrasting color and simplified shapes -Expressive style

The Bauhaus

-Gropius, Mondrian, Albers -Founded by Walter Gropius, this design school focused on clean geometry and color. Followed the tenant that less is more. Based in architecture and all forms.

Dada

-Hausmann, Duchamp, Ball -A movement in art and literature, which ridiculed contemporary culture and conventional art. The Dadaists shared an antimilitaristic and anti-aesthetic attitude, generated by world war 1 and in part by a rejection of accepted canons of morality and taste

Impressionism: Degas

-He shared with the impressionists a directness of expression and an interest in portraying contemporary life, but he combined the immediacy of Impressionism with a highly inventive approach to pictorial composition. -Used surprising, lifelike compositions and effects that often cut figures at the edge. -The tipped-up ground planes and bold asymmetry found in Japanese prints inspired Degas to create paintings filled with intriguing visual tensions

Impressionism: Renoir

-Impressionist theme: contemporary middle-class people enjoying outdoor leisure activities -Renoir was more interested in the human drama than Monet, he was also very interested in how the light, filtered by leaves of the trees, hits the bodies and clothing in the crowd

Post-Impressionism: Seurat

-Interested in developing formal structure in the painting, organized visual form to achieve structured clarity of design, and influenced twentieth-century formalist styles -he has the subject matter, light, and color qualities of Impressionism, but this is not a

Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider)

-Kandinsky, Marc, Chagall -Group that typified the German Expressionist Movement --Kandinsky founded the movement, in fact the name comes from one of his paintings. His was perhaps the first abstract art, interested more in color and psychology than in representation -Der Blaue Reiter painting was structured around an idea that color and form carried concrete spiritual values. Thus, the move into abstraction resulted partly from radically separating form and color into discrete elements within a painting or applying non-naturalistic color to recognizable objects. The name "Der Blaue Reiter" referred to Kandinsky and Marc's belief that blue was the most spiritual color and that the rider symbolized the ability to move beyond.

Minimalism

-Kelly, Martin, Judd, Andre, Hesse, Serra -A nonrepresentational style of sculpture and painting, usually severely restricted in the use of visual elements and often consisting of simple geometric shapes or masses

Impressionism

-Late 19th century style. Attempt to capture the fleeting effects of light with short strokes of pure color -Monet, Morisot, Degas, Renoir

Suprematism

-Malevich -Name given by the Russian artist Kasimir Malevich to the abstract art he developed from 1913 characterised by basic geometric forms, such as circles, squares, lines and rectangles, painted in a limited range of colours

Hudson River School (Church and Cole)

-Many Romantic artist also painted the landscape, finding there a reflection of their own emotional state -Thomas Cole (founder): The Hudson River School celebrated the romantic beauty of the American landscape. Accentuated the sublime- the notion that man is dwarfed by the scene and power. Cole began with on site oil and pencil sketches, then made his large paintings in his studios.

Performance

-Mendieta, Beuys, Asco, Burden -Dramatic presentation by visual artists in front of an audience, usually not in a formal theatrical setting

Automatist Surrealism

-Miro -chance was a key factor -they scribbled, doodle, and poured paint in order to cultivate the chance accident that might prove revealing -with the adoption of such spontaneous and automatic methods, the Surrealists sought to expand consciousness by throwing out the sort of rational planning that frequently accompanies art creation

Art Nouveau Artist

-Mucha, Tiffany, Gaudi

Die Brucke (The Bridge)

-Nolde, Kirchner, Heckel -Group that typified the German Expressionist Movement -They appealed to artists to revolt against academic painting and establish a new, vigorous aesthetic that would form a bridge between the Germanic past and modern experience

Abstract Expressionism

-Pollock, Krasner, de Kooning -An art movement, primarily in painting, that originated in the US. Artists working in many different styles emphasized spontaneous persona expression in large paintings that are abstract or nonrepresentational. One type of Abstract Expressionism is called action painting.

Pre-pop

-Rauschenberg, Johns

Op-Art

-Riley, Vasarely, Anuszkiewicz -short for optical art, is a style of visual art that uses optical illusions. Op art works are abstract, with many better known pieces created in black and white. Typically, they give the viewer the impression of movement, hidden images, flashing and vibrating patterns, or of swelling or warping.

Color Field

-Rothlo, Newman, Fra kenthaler, Still, Noland -A movement that grew out of Abstract Expressionism, in which large stained or painted areas or fields of color evoke aesthetic and emotional responses

Cubism

-Synthetic and Analytic -Picasso, Braque, Archipenko -A style that emphasized the two dimensional canvas, characterized by multiple views of an object and the reduction of form to cube-like essentials

Happenings

-Tinguely, Murakami, Kaprow -An event conceived by artists and performed by artists and others, who may include viewers. Usually unrehearsed, with scripted roles but including improvisation.

Post-Impressionism

-United in the rejection of the past styles and subjects of art which preceded them, including academic art, romanticism, and realism -United in the rejection of impressionism due to its excessive concern for the fleeting impression and its disregard for traditional compositional elements. -Seurat, Cezanne, van Goph, Toulouse-Lautrec, Gauguin

Pop Art

-Warhol, Hamilton, Rosenquist, Morisot, Oldenberg, Lichtenstein -A style of painting and sculpture that uses mass production techniques such as silkscreen or real objects in works that are generally more polished and ironic than assemblages

Impressionism: Monet

-landscape and ordinary scenes painted outdoors in varied atmospheric conditions, seasons, and times of day were among the main subjects of these artist -Rather than focus on the human drama of arrival and departure, he was fascinated by the play of light amid the stream of the locomotives and the clouds glimpsed through the glass roof. -He made his paintings quickly under the constantly shifting conditions, painting as traditional artists might make sketches

De Stijl

A dutch purist art movement begun during world war 1 by Mondrian and others. It involved painters, sculptures, designers, and architects whose works and ideas were expressed in De Stijl magazine. Its dutch for the style, was aimed at creating a universal language of form that would be independent of individual emotion. Visual form was pared down to primary hues plus black and white, and rectangular shapes.

Illusionistic Surrealism

A form of surrealism that renders the irrational content, absurd juxtapositions, and changing forms of dreams in a highly illusionistic manner that blurs the distinctions between the real and the imaginary.

Art Nouveau

An art movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Europe and the United States. Flourishing especially in the decorative arts and architecture, the Art Nouveau style emphasized curving, expressive lines based on organic shapes of flowers or vegetation. -Gaudi, Tiffany, Mucha

Op Art (Optical Art)

Anuszkiewicz, Riley

Neo-Expressionism

Basquiat, Kiefer

Futurism Artists

Boccioni, Balla

Realism Artist

Courbet, Daumier, Manet, Whislter, Eakins, Osawa Taylor

Neo-Classicism artist

David Ingres

Romanticism artist

Delacroix, Goya, Guillebaut

Dada Artists

Duchamp, Hoch

Analytic Cubism

Early form of cubism during which objects were dissected or analyzed in a visual information gathering process and then reconstructed on the canvas.

Der Blaue Reiter Artist

Kandinsky, klee, Marc

Minimalism

Kelly, Martin, Judd, Andre, Reinhardt

Deconstructivism

Koolhaus, Calatrava, Hadid, Gehry

High art/low culture

Koons, Post colonialism Mehretu, Kentridge, Arrechea, Luciano, Chagoya, Mori, Ai Wei Wei YBA Hirst, Payton, Whiteread

Concept/site specific/earthworks

Kosuth, Christo and Jean Claude, Smithson, Goldsworthy, De Maria

Appropriation

Levine, Koons

Fauvism Artists

Matisse, Derain

Feminism

Mendieta, Chilago, Shapiro/Brody, Orlan, Spero, Kruger

Bauhaus Artists

Mondrian, Albers, Sarinen,

Impressionism artist

Monet, Renoir, Cassatt, Degas, Morisot, Rodin

Hybridity Artist

Murakami, Ofili

Die Brucke Artists

Nolde, Kirchner, Heckel

Cubism (Analytic and Synthetic) artist

Picasso and Braque

Action

Pollock, Krasner, De Kooning

Pop

Rauschenberg, Johns, Warhol, Hamilton, Lichtenstein, Rosen Quist, Oldenburg

Color Field

Rothko, Newman, Frankenthaler

Surrealism artist

Salvador Dali and Miro

Post-Impressionism Artists

Seurat, Cezanne, Van Gogh, Gauguin, Toulousse-Lautrec,

Synthetic Cubism

The second phase of Cubism, which emphasized the form of the object and constructing rather than disintegrating that form.

Performance

Tinguely, Kaprow, Kusama, Burden, Orlaw,

Post-Modern Artists

Wegman, Sherman, Kiki Smith, Kapoor, Barney, Walker, Banksy, El Anatsui, Wilson

Social Realism Artist

Wood, Sargent, Rivera, Kahlo, Hopper, Lawrence

Constructivism

was a revolutionary movement that inspired in part by the Suprematism of Malevich and others. Seeking to create art that was relevant to modern life in form. materials, and content. They made the first non representational constructions out of such modern materials as plastic and electroplated metal.