Exam #4 Psyc

D. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

_____ is a psychological disorder, commonly diagnosed in childhood, in which an individual exhibits one or more of the following symptoms: a lack of concentration, excitability, and impulsivity. A. Borderline personality disorder B. Autism spectrum disorder C. Depression D. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

C. Social phobia

_____ is an anxiety disorder in which an individual has an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in public. A. Thanatophobia B. Xenophobia C. Social phobia D. Gamophobia

b. generalized anxiety disorder

_____ is an anxiety disorder that is marked by persistent anxiety for at least six months, and in which the individual is unable to specify the reasons for the anxiety. A. Aerophobia B. Generalized anxiety disorder C. Social anxiety disorder D. Agoraphobia

B. Depressive disorder

_____ refers to a psychological disorder in which an individual suffers from an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life. A. Bipolar disorder B. Depressive disorder C. Specific phobia D. Obsessive-compulsive disorder

fear of high places

acrophobia

fear of cats

ailurophobia

fear of pain

algophobia

fear of death

thanatophobia

fear of strangers

xenophobia

B. The Philippines

Amok is a psychological disorder that is associated with the culture of the people living in A. the United States. B. the Philippines. C. China. D. Japan

psychiatrist

The biological Approach to Therapy

Clinical psychologists. counselors and social workers

The psychological Approach to Therapy

Relationship between the therapist and client (trust, respect and cooperation)

Therapeutic Alliance

Match between a therapist's style and client personality

Therapist Expertise & personality

Techniques from different therapies are combined for the benefit of the client

Therapy Integrations

Fear of vehicles

Amaxophobia

B. an individual will go to any length to avoid the situation that he or she fears

A fear becomes a phobia when A. it occurs without warning B. an individual will go to any length to avoid the situation that he or she fears C. an individual fears a specific object or situation for more than eighteen months D. it occurs without any known cause

D. Biological Approach

According to Dr. Sullivan, a well-known psychologist in Konesia, the lack of emotions experienced by psychopaths can be attributed to amygdala dysfunction. In the context of the theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, Dr. Sullivan's view supports the A. social cognitive approach. B. psychological approach. C. sociocultural approach. D. biological approach.

C. motor tension, apprehensive expectations, and thoughts

An individual diagnosed with an anxiety disorder is most likely to experience A. episodes of unrealistic excitement and euphoria. B. hallucinations—that is, seeing or hearing things that are not there. C. motor tension, apprehensive expectations, and thoughts. D. recurrent thoughts of death and suicide.

tranquilizers: make individuals calmer -Benzodiazepines -Buspirone

Anti anxiety Drugs

-tricyclics -tetracyclics -monomaine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors -selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Antidepressant Drugs

also called first-generation antipsychotics) diminish agitated behavior, reduce tension, decrease hallucinations, improve social behavior, and produce better sleep patterns block dopamine's action in the brain

Antipsychotic Drugs

Guiltless law-breaking, violence deceit Impulsive, irritable, reckless irresponsible

Antisocial personality disorder

Uncontrollable fears that are disproportionate and disruptive

Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety-related but not classified in DSM-5 as anxiety disorder: -Obsessive-compulsive disorder -post traumatic stress disorder

Anxiety-Related Disorders

A. mania

Aria has been awake for two nights in a row and still feels highly energetic and euphoric. The previous day, she quit her job on an impulse and decided to become an actress. In the context of bipolar disorder, Aria is experiencing an episode of A. mania. B. catatonia. C. depression. D. psychosis

Action-oriented strategies to help people change overt behavior, not underlying thoughts or emotions insights into self or into underlying causes. Use principles of learning Goals: reduce or eliminate manipulative behavior

Behavior Therapies

Focuses on social, behavioral and biomedical factors

Behavioral Medicine

Disorders with biological origins; the reason for psychological disorders is organic, internal causes.

Biological Approach

reduce/eliminate symptoms by altering body functioning

Biological Therapies

Interaction of biological, psychological & sociocultural factors.

Biopsychosocial Model

Characterized by extreme mood swings that include mania

Bipolar Disorder

Lithium (major improve substantially toxicity reactions)

Bipolar drugs

Instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image and affective regulation; impulsivity

Borderline Personality Disorder

-Genetics predisposition -structural brain abnormalities/deterioration -regulation of neurotransmitters: Dopamine & glutamate -Vulnerability-stress hypothesis -influence how disorder progresses

Causes of Schizophrenia

Techniques Treating Phobias Develop hierarchy of fearful scenes Learn relaxation techniques apply relaxation while imagining fearful scenes

Classical Conditioning

Strengths, abilities, skills and motivation of the client

Client Active engagement

•integrates science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders. They use psychotherapy

Clinical Psychology

Thoughts are the primary source of psychological problems -how we think controls how we feel -focus on overt problems

Cognitive therapies

A combination of cognitive therapy, with emphasis on reducing self- defeating thoughts, and behavior therapy, and emphasis on changing behavior

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

Individuals experience extreme memory loss caused by extensive psychological stress

Dissociative Amnesia

*The same individual possesses two or more distinct personalities *Each personality has unique memories, behaviors and relationships *Only one personality is dominant at a time

Dissociative Identity disorder

Sudden loss of memory or change in identity *Protection from extreme stress or shock *problems integrating emotional memories

Dissociative disorders

B. psychological disorders that involve a sudden loss of memory or change in identity due to the separation of an individual's conscious awareness from previous memories

Dissociative disorders are A. psychological disorders in which an individual suffers from depression— an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life. B. psychological disorders that involve a sudden loss of memory or change in identity due to the separation of an individual's conscious awareness from previous memories. C. uncontrollable and disruptive psychological disorders that feature motor tension, hyperactivity, and apprehensive expectations and thoughts. D. chronic, maladaptive cognitive-behavioral patterns that are completely integrated into an individual's personality.

It depends on a person diagnosis

Does Therapy Work?

individuals who share a psychological problem may benefit from observing others cope with a similar problem and that helping others cope can in turn improve individuals' feelings of competence and efficacy

Group Therapy

d. panic disorder

Dr. Davenport, a psychiatrist, is in the process of diagnosing Kelly's psychological disorder. He asks Kelly a series of questions regarding her symptoms. Kelly reveals that she often experiences overwhelming fear all of a sudden, which is accompanied by pains in the chest and a feeling of helplessness. During these instances, she finds it difficult to breathe, has severe palpitations, and feels like she's going to die of cardiac arrest. In the context of psychological disorders, Dr. Davenport is most likely to diagnose Kelly with A. schizophrenia. B. social anxiety disorder. C. paranoid personality disorder. D. panic disorder

Using medication to treat psychological disorders

Drug Therapy

(Shock Therapy) Small electric current produces a brief seizure Purpose: causes changes in Brain chemistry and electrical circuitry; that can quickly reverse symptoms of certain mental health conditions.

Electroconvulsive Therapy

B. major depressive disorder

Ever since Kerry lost her job, she has been feeling worthless. It has been more than two weeks since she slept well. She has lost a lot of weight and keeps thinking about committing suicide. In the context of disorders involving emotion and mood, it can be inferred that Kerry may be suffering from A. obsessive-compulsive disorder. B. major depressive disorder. C. social anxiety disorder. D. antisocial personality disorder

Poor health Depression & Anxiety Immediate & severe stress Substance abuse Desire to die Acquired capability for suicide culture of honor Gender

Factors of suicide

group therapy among family members; focuses on the entire family system rather than one specific individual

Family/Group Threapy

*Persistent anxiety for at least 6 months. *Inability to specify reasons for the anxiety *Harsh self-standards, critical parents, negative thoughts, trauma

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

C. He lacks empathy for others, is egocentric, and is willing to use others for his own personal gain.

Harry has been diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. Which of the following statements is applicable to him? A. He shows an excessive attachment to moral codes and is excessively orderly in daily life. B. He is prone to mood swings, excessive self-criticism, and extreme judgment of others. C. He lacks empathy for others, is egocentric, and is willing to use others for his own personal gain. D. He perceives himself as helpless and depends on others for emotional and physical needs

A. Psychological

Harry, a behavioral psychologist, is in the process of analyzing his patient Maria Valentine's report. Maria has been diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID). According to Harry, severe physical abuse in childhood can serve as a plausible explanation for Maria's psychological disorder. Maria is emotionally damaged and forms alternate identities in order to shut out past memories and to cope with the trauma. In the context of theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, it can be inferred that Harry's explanation of Maria's condition conforms to the _____ approach to psychological disorders. A. psychological B. biological C. cognitive D. sociocultural

*establishing health and preventing illness. *Integrates behavioral biomedical knowledge to improve health *focuses on social, behavioral and congnitive

Health Psychology

People are encouraged to be their true selves, toward self understanding and personal growth Focus on: Conscious rather than unconscious thoughts, present rather than past and self-fulfillment rather than illness. Goals: Self understanding Personal growth Emphasis on the person's self-healing capacities

Humanistic Therapies

C. compulsions

In cases of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), _____ frequently accompany obsessions and appear to serve the function of reducing the anxiety created by disturbing thoughts. A. manias B. hallucinations C. compulsions D. delusions

B. The Context of behavior may determine whether it is deviant or not.

In the context of abnormal behavior, which of the following is true of deviant behavior? A. A person who engages in deviant behavior typically poses a greater threat to himself than to others. B. The context of a behavior may determine whether it is deviant or not. C. A person who engages in deviant behavior invariably poses a great threat to society. D. An individual engaging in deviant behavior always finds it personally satisfying.

Disturbance of mood that affects entire emotional state *Cognitive, behavioral or physical symptoms *Interpersonal difficulties

Mood related disorders

C. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Janet is worried about her son, Patrick. She finds him restless and impulsive. At times, Janet finds it exhausting to handle him because he is high-strung and shows very little concentration while studying. She has also received several complaints from Patrick's teachers regarding his poor performance in class and his lack of focus. In the context of psychological disorders, it can be inferred that Patrick is exhibiting the symptoms of A. obsessive-compulsive disorder. B. mild neurocognitive impairment. C. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. D. schizophrenia

B. Biological Approach

Jenna constantly experiences feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness. Jenna's doctor, Jacob, advises her to start taking anti- depressant drugs that contain serotonin and dopamine. According to Dr. Jacob's diagnosis, Jenna's depression is a result of the imbalance and improper functioning of the neurotransmitters in her brain. In the context of the theoretical approaches to psychological disorders, this diagnosis conforms to the A. sociocultural approach. B. biological approach. C. psychological approach. D. social cognitive approach

Fear of dirt

Mysophobia

b. generalized anxiety disorder

Karen has been suffering from a disorder that is characterized by exaggerated and irrational worry that tends to interfere with her daily functioning. She can't sleep properly and often complains of stomach aches. In spite of being constantly nervous and restless, Karen, however, cannot seem to find the specific cause of her worry. These symptoms have lasted for almost six months now. Which of the following disorders is Karen most likely to be diagnosed with? A. social anxiety disorder B. generalized anxiety disorder C. obsessive-compulsive disorder D. bipolar disorde

Significant depressive episode that lasts for at least two weeks. Daily functioning is impaired *fatigue, sense of worthlessness, reduced interest *appetite & sleep disturbance

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

D. obsessions

Martha believes that if she doesn't keep checking the stove in the kitchen, a gas leakage may occur and may cause an explosion. Consequently, Martha keeps checking whether the stove has been turned off over and over again, sometimes over fifty times a day. This practice interferes with her sleep and disturbs her thoughts. In the context of anxiety and anxiety-related disorders, Martha's recurrent thoughts about the possibility of an explosion are called A. delusions. B. compulsions. C. hallucinations. D. obsessions

A. It treats psychological disorders as if they are medical illnesses.

Mathew is a critic of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) . Which of the following statements will Mathew agree to? A. It treats psychological disorders as if they are medical illnesses. B. It avoids relying on social norms and subjective judgments. C. It reflects the sociocultural approach, emphasizing only on factors such as poverty, unemployment, and trauma. D. It focuses on destigmatizing psychological disorders and fails to highlight the problems associated with them.

Impact of the mind on the body:Choices and Attitudes Impact of the body on the mind:Physical stress & health

Mind-body Relationship

B. aerophobia

Nina has an irrational fear of flying. She avoids flying at any cost. She cancels any traveling plans if she cannot take a train to the destination or reach the destination by road. In this case, Nina is most likely to be diagnosed with A. acrophobia. B. aerophobia. C. amaxophobia. D. algophobia

A. It is deviant

Nina has the habit of eating non-food substances. Nina's behavior is considered abnormal because A. it is deviant. B. it is adaptive. C. it cannot be observed. D. it cannot be measured

*Persistent anxiety-provoking thoughts and/ or urges to perform repetitive ritualistic behaviors to prevent or procedure a situation.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Fear of nonpoisonous snakes

Ophidophobia

*recurrent, sudden onsets of intense terror that often occur without warning.

Panic Disorder

Chronic, maladaptive cognitive-behavioral patterns that are thoroughly integrated into an individual's personality

Personality Disorders

Symptoms develop as a result of exposure to a traumatic event, oppressive situation, natural or unnatural disasters. *Flashbacks *avoidance of emotional experiences *anxiety, excessive arousal *difficulties with memory and concentration *impulsive outbursts

Post traumatic stress disorder

Experiences, thoughts, emotions, personality

Psychological Approach

biological intervention that involves the removal or destruction of brain tissue to improve the individual's adjustment -Not reversable -only for very severe conditions

Psychosurgery

A nonmedical process to helps individuals with psychological disorders. (strategies including talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, and modeling)

Psychotherapy

Highly disordered thought -Split from reality (psychotic) -Typically diagnosed in early adulthood -High suicide risk

Schizophrenia

Intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in social situations.

Social Anxiety Disorder

social context

Sociocultural Approach

Influences of various social/cultural factors

Sociocultural Approaches & Issues in Treatment

*an irrational, overwhelming persistent fear of particular object or situation ( EX: Spider phobia)

Specific Phobia

prevalence; 2nd leading cause of death in American adolesents

Suicide

*Positive Symptoms -Hallucinations and delusions -thought disorders -disorders of movement *Negative Symptoms -Flat Affect *Cognitive Symptoms -Attentions difficulties and memory problems _impaired ability to interpret information and make decisions

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

D. Amok

Tipah lives in a small village in Malaysia. According to the local villagers, Tipah suffers from a mental disorder. He often experiences sudden, uncontrolled outbursts of anger. Tipah has attacked and injured many people during these fits of rage. His family claims that Tipah usually seems emotionally withdrawn before the onset of these attacks. Which of the following culture-related disorders best fits the description of Tipah's mental disorder? A. taijin kyofusho B. anorexia nervosa C. koro D. amok

behavior that is deviant (atypical), maladaptive (dysfunctional), personally distressing (despair).

What is Abnormal Behavior?

C. deficient levels of the neurotransmitter GABA

Which of the following biological factors plays a role in the development of generalized anxiety disorder? A. enlarged fluid-filled spaces in the brain B. elevated levels of lactate C. deficient levels of the neurotransmitter GABA D. elevated levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine

D. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Which of the following disorders is related to the experience of anxiety, but has NOT been classified by the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as an anxiety disorder? A. panic disorder B. social phobia C. fear of nonpoisonous snakes D. post-traumatic stress disorder

B. The biopsychosocial model states that biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors are all equally significant ingredients in producing both normal and abnormal behavior

Which of the following statements is true of the biopsychosocial model? A. According to the biopsychosocial model, biological, sociocultural, and psychological factors are independent of one another and operate distinctly in producing abnormal behavior. B. The biopsychosocial model states that biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors are all equally significant ingredients in producing both normal and abnormal behavior. C. According to the biopsychosocial perspective, a specific gene or a particular experience will inevitably lead to the development of a psychological disorder. D. The biopsychosocial model gives more importance to biological factors over psychological and sociocultural factors in producing normal and abnormal behavior

Treatments that reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of bodily functioning.

biological therapies or biomedical therapies

fear of darkness

nyctophobia