Exam 5

Lucy is a 56-year-old woman experiencing itching, discomfort, and bleeding after intercourse. Which of the following conditions may be developing in the patient? 1. Atrophic vaginitis 2. Vaginal cancer 3. Fibroadenoma 4. Cystitis

1. Atrophic vaginitis

During a breast examination, the patient should be asked if she has which of the following? Select all that apply. 1. Breast pain 2. Breast atrophy 3. Breast rash 4. Breast trauma 5. Proper support

1. Breast pain 3. Breast rash 4. Breast trauma

Mr. Angulo is an 89-year-old patient who was recently an inpatient for pneumonia and was bedridden for 1 week. He is now presenting dysuria, suprapubic tenderness accompanied byfever, and increased confusion. Based on his recent history, which of the following conditions may be developing? 1. Cystitis 2. Distended bladder 3. Prostate stones 4.Subacute prostatitis

1. Cystitis

Marie, 63 years old, is presenting with symptoms of postmenopausal bleeding and is diagnosed with endometrial cancer. Other than gender and age, which of the following can be contributing factors in the development of endometrial cancer? Select all that apply. 1. Diabetes 2. Use of tamoxifen 3. Use of hormonal contraception 4. Obesity 5. Lynch syndrome

1. Diabetes 2. Use of tamoxifen 4. Obesity 5. Lynch syndrome

According to studies, which of the following is true regarding cerebrovascular disease? 1. It accounts for 20% to 50% of seizures in older adults. 2. It accounts for 10% of seizures in older adults. 3. Sixty percent of patients with stroke are at risk of developing seizures within 5 years. 4. Transient ischemic attacks have a relatively high incidence of seizures.

1. It accounts for 20% to 50% of seizures in older adults.

Mr. Newman developed a sudden onset of severe headache, weakness on one side of his body, difficulty speaking, and loss of balance. He was immediately admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of hemorrhagic stroke. Which of the following is the manifestation of a hemorrhagic stroke? 1. Leak or rupture in an artery wall. 2. Leak or rupture in a venous wall. 3. Blockage in the heart. 4. Blockage of an artery.

1. Leak or rupture in an artery wall.

Steve came in for an office visit presenting complaints of difficulty speaking, gait problems, and dizziness. Which of the following should be noted as additional signs and symptoms in the focused interview? Select all that apply. 1. Paresthesias 2. Weight gain 3. Pertinent family history 4. Loss of consciousness 5. Use of tobacco

1. Paresthesias 3. Pertinent family history 4. Loss of consciousness

Breast cancer is more prevalent in the female gender, with a median age of 61 years. Which of the following are modifiable risk factors that may contribute to the diagnosis of breast cancer? Select all that apply. 1. Postmenopausal obesity 2. Alcohol intake 3. Early menarche 4. Menopause hormone therapy 5. Ethnicity

1. Postmenopausal obesity 2. Alcohol intake 4. Menopause hormone therapy

A clinician is performing sensory assessment on a patient presenting signs and symptoms of neurological disease. During the assessment, the clinician notices that the patient has a decreased sense of both pain and temperature. Which of the following may be affected? 1. Spinothalamic tract 2. Cranial nerve VII 3. Posterior column 4. Posterior horn

1. Spinothalamic tract

A patient is being assessed for symptoms of headaches, changes in mental function, language deficits, and visual problems. Diagnostic testing reveals that he does not have a brain tumor. Which of the following may be the differential diagnosis for the patient's symptoms? Select all that apply. 1. Stroke 2. Subdural hematoma 3. Meningitis 4. Venous insufficiency 5. Diabetes mellitus

1. Stroke 2. Subdural hematoma 3. Meningitis

Mrs. Pope presents with twitching and burning sensations in her right leg that cause difficulty in walking. Initial suspicion is peripheral neuropathy. The proper diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy begins with a detailed history and physical examination. Which of the following information in her social history may be a cause of her symptoms? Select all that apply. 1. Substance abuse. 2. Use of supplements. 3. Use of shoes with good support. 4. Current occupation. 5. Going out to dinner.

1. Substance abuse. 2. Use of supplements. 4. Current occupation.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting in the loss of dopamine-producing cells in the brain. Which part of the brain is affected with PD? 1. Substantia nigra 2. Cingulate gyrus 3. Hippocampus 4. Hypothalamus

1. Substantia nigra

The genitourinary and reproductive systems undergo many age-related changes. Which of the following statements is true about these changes? 1. The older male patient undergoes more gradual changes than does the older female patient. 2. The older female patient undergoes more gradual changes than does the older male patient. 3. Older male and female patients undergo the same changes. 4. The older male patient undergoes less gradual changes than those of the older female patient.

1. The older male patient undergoes more gradual changes than does the older female patient.

Women developing ovarian cancer may be asymptomatic, making it hard to detect until the condition has worsened. Which of the following is the best initial diagnostic tool for suspected ovarian cancer? 1. Transvaginal ultrasonography 2. Pelvic examination 3. Laparoscopy 4. Complete blood count (CBC)

1. Transvaginal ultrasonography

Gayle is a 55-year-old woman who is suspected of having a brain tumor. The clinician orders diagnostic testing for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to confirm this. Which of the following statements is true regarding a brain tumor? 1. The symptom of headache is rare. 2. A brain tumor can be a malignant or benign neoplasm. 3. The etiology of brain tumors is often known. 4. Brain tumors occur more commonly in females than males.

2. A brain tumor can be a malignant or benign neoplasm.

Peripheral neuropathy is a disorder of the peripheral nervous system resulting in sensory, motor, and autonomic dysfunction. Which of the following conditions are the treatable causes of peripheral neuropathy? Select all that apply. 1. Radiculopathy 2. Alcohol use 3. Diabetes mellitus 4. Hypnic jerks 5. TBI

2. Alcohol use 3. Diabetes mellitus

Which of the following are the main laboratory clinical manifestations of cystitis? Select all that apply. 1. White blood cell (WBC) count 2. Bacteriuria 3. Pyuria 4. Fungi 5. E. coli

2. Bacteriuria 3. Pyuria

Which of the following statements is true relating the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD)? Select all that apply. 1. The disease should be addressed aggressively using all medications to minimize progression. 2. Drug therapy focuses on correcting the imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine. 3. Exercise is a contraindication to avoid falls. 4. Depression is common in PD and can contribute to worsening of symptoms. 5. PD is accompanied by symptoms of radiculopathy.

2. Drug therapy focuses on correcting the imbalance of dopamine and acetylcholine. 4. Depression is common in PD and can contribute to worsening of symptoms.

Which of the following conditions presents non proliferating lesions and does not affect future cancer risk? 1. Atypical lobular hyperplasia 2. Fat necrosis 3. Radial scar 4. Papilloma

2. Fat necrosis

Mr. Fitzgerald has seizure conditions due to a recent accident causing traumatic brain injury (TBI). A nurse practitioner is tasked with giving the patient and his family information on home care. Which of the following should be included in the patient/family education? 1. Referral to an internist. 2. Lifestyle considerations. 3. Use of protective gear. 4. Referral for group therapy

2. Lifestyle considerations.

According to studies, RLS is a condition for which there is no cure. Which of the following are recommended for the management of RLS symptoms? Select all that apply. 1. Glass of wine every night to fall asleep 2. Massage 3. Exercise 4. Group therapy 5. New bed

2. Massage 3. Exercise 4. Group therapy

A nurse practitioner is performing an annual checkup for a female patient. In the physical examination of the breast, for which of the following should the nurse practitioner assess? Select all that apply. 1. Temperature 2. Symmetry 3. Dimpling 4. Lumps 5. Size

2. Symmetry 3. Dimpling 4. Lumps

Jessie is a 54-year-old patient with a history of atrophic vaginitis. Which of the following should be included in her patient education? Select all that apply. 1. Use of over-the-counter (OTC) medications for pain and discomfort. 2. Use of water-soluble lubricants. 3. Benefits of regular sexual activity. 4. Identifying and addressing age-related changes. 5. Benefits of sexual-aid stimulators.

2. Use of water-soluble lubricants. 3. Benefits of regular sexual activity. 4. Identifying and addressing age-related changes.

Which of the following is the single most signal symptom for possible breast cancer? 1. Nipple retraction 2. Breast discharge 3. Breast mass 4. Breast redness

3. Breast mass

To rule out age-related benign symptoms, motor functions should be inspected for body position and involuntary movements. Which of the following should be included in the assessment of motor function? Select all that apply. 1. Reflexes 2. Hypersensitivity 3. Muscle tone 4. Muscle strength 5. Sensory loss

3. Muscle tone 4. Muscle strength

Which of the following is a neurological disorder characterized by leg cramping, pulling, and tugging sensations, and may have a genetic component? 1. Radiculopathy 2. Nerve compression 3. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) 4. Sleep impairment

3. Restless legs syndrome (RLS)

When other symptoms are presented with atrophic vaginitis, a biopsy is used as the diagnostic test to rule out which of the following diagnoses? Select all that apply. 1. Urinary tract infection (UTI) 2. Sexually transmitted infection (STI) 3. Squamous cell hyperplasia 4. Lichen sclerosis 5. Lichen planus

3. Squamous cell hyperplasia 4. Lichen sclerosis 5. Lichen planus

Which of the following statements is true for untreated symptomatic cystitis? 1. Untreated symptomatic cystitis can lead to pneumonia 2. Untreated symptomatic cystitis can resolve on its own. 3. Untreated symptomatic cystitis can lead to pyelonephritis, sepsis, shock, and death. 4. Untreated symptomatic cystitis can lead to prostatic cancer, vaginitis, and sepsis.

3. Untreated symptomatic cystitis can lead to pyelonephritis, sepsis, shock, and death.

Neurological assessment of the older adult requires specific tools and considerations to assess patient's mental status. Which of the following should be used to assess patient cognition? 1. Administer SLUMS, a short dementia assessment. 2. Administer MoCA v 7.1, a 12-item assessment to detect mild neurocognitive disorders. 3. Administer testing of cranial nerve III. 4. Administer Mini-Cog, a three-word recall with clock drawing capability.

4. Administer Mini-Cog, a three-word recall with clock drawing capability.

Prostate cancer is the most common and leading cause of cancer death in men. Which of the following statements is true about prostate cancer? 1. There is usually a sudden onset of pain in the early stages. 2. Asian men are at highest risk for developing prostate cancer 3. Development of prostate cancer has been linked with prior vasectomy. 4. There are usually no symptoms with early disease.

4. There are usually no symptoms with early disease.