Exam 5 PSY
Conformity
Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
BLANK disorders are chronic, maladaptive cognitive-behavioral patterns that are thoroughly integrated into an individual's identity.
Personality
Drugs that target serotonin and work mainly by interfering with the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain are called
SSRIs
Which of the following is the most qualified to practice psychotherapy?
Which of the following is the most qualified to practice psychotherapy?
The term "catatonia" refers to
a state of immobility.
According to self-perception theory, individuals often make inferences about their attitudes by perceiving their own
behavior
Social Psychology
the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Obedience
A form of compliance that occurs when people follow direct commands, usually from someone in a position of authority
BLANK is when we favor our own ethnic group over other ethnic groups.
Ethnocentrism
Foot in the door
the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
elaboration likelihood model
theory identifying two ways to persuade: a central route and a peripheral route
True or false: Twin studies suggest that a tendency to show unprovoked aggression may be influenced more by genes, whereas reactive aggression is more susceptible to environmental effects.
true
The side effects of restlessness, faintness, trembling, sleepiness, and memory difficulties are possible for individuals who are taking:
trycylics
Controllable/uncontrollable causes
was it a choice or was the choice made for you
stable/unstable causes
was the behavior a pattern or not
fundamental attribution theory/error
we overestimate the importance of internal traits and underestimate the importance of external traits
In Milgram's classic obedience study, what percent of participants eventually used the highest setting on the shock generator to shock the learner?
65 percent
______ is a psychological disorder characterized by lack of guilt, law-breaking, exploitation of others, irresponsibility, and deceit.
Antisocial personality disorder
Which disorder refers to a neurodevelopmental disorder that involves persistent deficits in social interaction and communication, restrictive repetitive behaviors, interests, and activities?
Autism spectrum disorder
Two sociocultural factors, BLANK status and the BLANK influence prosocial behavior.
Blank 1: socioeconomic Blank 2: media
BLANK personality disorder characterizes individuals who are often emotionally unstable, impulsive, unpredictable, irritable, and anxious.
Borderline
Compliance
Change of behavior in response to an explicit request from another person or group.
Heuristics
Cognitive shortcuts that assist in decision making -stereotypes -false consensus effect(we believe everyone else thinks like us)
What disorder is characterized by long-term, persistent anxiety, and uncontrollable worry?
Generalized anxiety disorder
BLANK effect is the solidification and further strengthening of an individual's position as a consequence of a group
Group polarization
What is the definition of self-objectification?
Having a tendency to see oneself primarily as an object in the eyes of others
______ is the erroneous impression that individuals who suffer from psychological disorders are prone to violence.
Illusory correlation
Attribution Theory
In an effort to make sense of behavior we tend to try to discover the underlying cause of behaviors
A model of relationships that emphasizes the ways commitment, investment, and the availability of attractive alternative partners predict satisfaction in a relationship, is describing which of the following?
Investment model
Which class of antidepressant drugs help regulate mood by allowing certain neurotransmitters to remain in the brain's synapses?
MAO inhibitors
______ is behavior that complies with the explicit demand of the individual in authority.
Obedience
BLANK disorder is an anxiety disorder marked by recurrent sudden onsets of intense apprehension or terror.
Panic
What is the name of the type of drugs that are used to help treat mental disorders?
Psychotherapeutic
___________ is an area of social psychology that studies how individuals think within social situations.
Social cognition
Diffusion of responsibility/bystander effect
The larger the number of people who witness an emergency situation, the less likely anyone will be to intervene
True or False: The attribution theory has to do with how we justify others behaviors
True
Which of the following statements describes the outcome of the Robbers Cave experiment?
When groups were required to work cooperatively to solve problems, positive relationships developed.
BLANK behavior is behavior that is deviant, maladaptive, or personally distressful over a relatively long period of time.
abnormal
When behavior is deviant, maladaptive, or personally distressful over a relatively long period of time it could be considered...
abnormal
Groupthink is a type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to ____ that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternate points of view.
achieve consensus
Low levels of the big five personality factor BLANK are associated with more aggressive behavior.
agreeableness
BLANK describes an unselfish interest in helping someone else.
altruism
Social loafing occurs when:
an individual exerts less effort in a group because of decreased individual accountability
Tricyclics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors are examples of what type of drug?
antidepressants
BLANK disorders are psychological disorders that feature fears that are uncontrollable, disproportionate to the actual danger the person might be in, and disruptive of ordinary life.
anxiety
door-in-the-face technique
asking for a large commitment and being refused and then asking for a smaller commitment
BLANK theory seeks to explain how we decide, on the basis of samples of an individual's behavior, what are the specific underlying causes of that person's behavior.
attribution
A technique in behavioral therapy that reduces the frequency of undesired behavior by pairing it with something unpleasant is Multiple choice question. aversive conditioning.
aversive therapy
Social influence
behavior can be influenced by other people
"Deviant behavior
behavior that does not fit the social norm
What approach to understanding depression argues that prolonged stress over which one has no control can lead to major depression?
behavioral
Attitudes
beliefs about people places and ideas
Benzodiazepines work by _____.
binding to receptor sites that become overactive during a period of anxiety
BLANK approach to psychological disorders attributes disorders to organic, internal causes.
biological
Drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, and psychosurgery are all examples of what kind of therapy?
biological
The model, in which biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors are all considered, is called the
biopsychosocial model.
The mood disorder characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania is known as
bipolar disorder.
MAO inhibitors work because they block an enzyme that
breaks down norepinephrine and serotonin.
Kitty Genovese Syndrome
bystander effect
BLANK is a form of humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist provides a warm, supportive environment for personal growth.
client centered therapy
Changing a pattern of thought that is presumed to be causing maladaptive behavior or emotion is called
cognitive restructuring.
Which therapy is a combination of reducing self-defeating thoughts and changing behavior?
cognitive-behavior therapy
_____ mental health is based on the idea that individuals with disorders ought to remain within society and with their families while receiving treatment.
community
BLANK refers to the presence of two or more disorders at the same time.
comorbidity
Social ______ is the process in which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to other people.
comparison
Social ______ is an imitative behavior involving the spread of behavior, emotions, and ideas.
contagion
_____ are false, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture.
delusions
Internal/external causes
did a behavior occur because it was the environment or within themselves
BLANK explains an individual's strong feelings of loyalty toward a group after enduring difficult or unpleasant initiation rites.
effort justification
BLANK involves giving to another person to ensure reciprocity, to gain self-esteem, or to present oneself as powerful or caring;
egoism
Setting off a seizure in the brain is the goal of
electroconvulsive therapy.
Humanistic therapies
emphasis on conscious thoughts, self healing, self fulfillment
Cognitive Therapies
emphasis on how we think impacts how we feel, primary source of the problem
Behavioral Therapies
emphasis on the behavioral therapy, using operant and classical conditioning
According to social exchange theory, what is the most important predictor of a relationship's success?
equity
Walter spends hours in the bathroom looking in the mirror and picking at his skin. Walter may be diagnosed with
excoriation.
Somatic symptom disorder is characterized by
experiencing one or more bodily symptoms and having excessive thoughts and feelings about the symptoms.
The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to explain the behavior of others in terms of their personalities rather than BLANK
external factors
When evaluating our own behaviors we tend to value BLANK more
external traits
Tabitha shared about her day visiting a local art museum with her family, but showed no emotion. Her affect could be described as ______.
flat
Aggressive behavior has been linked to the BLANK lobes and the BLANK system
frontal lobes limbic system
BLANK are sensory experiences that occur in the absence of real stimuli.
hallucinations
Psychotherapy
helps people recognize and overcome psychological and interpersonal difficulties -focus on early childhood experiences
Ruthie's house is clean, however, in her closets are many bags full of old magazines, newspapers, and mail. Ruthie says she will not throw the "collection" away until she reads each one. Ruthie may be diagnosed with ______ disorder.
hoarding
Which therapy focuses on the person's self-healing capacity?
humanistic therapy
In social facilitation, the arousal produced by the presence of others tends to give people energy and can lead to a(n) ____ performance on well-learned tasks.
improved
Individuals think of the group to which they belong as an BLANK group, a group that has special value in comparison with other groups, called BLANK group
in out
The bystander effect
individuals observing an emergency tend to help less when other people are present that when the observer is alone
The influence other people have on us because we want to be correct is referred to as
informational social influence.
The psychodynamic approach and the humanistic approach rely on the client to achieve some self-awareness. These therapies are considered
insight therapy.
maladaptive behavior
interferes with a persons ability to function effectively
The central question in making an attribution for a person's motivation is whether the cause of behavior is due to ______ factors.
internal or external factors
The fundamental attribution error is the tendency for observers to overestimate the importance of ____ and underestimate the importance of ____ when they seek to explain the behavior of others.
internal traits; external situations
Andrea has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She has a persistent delusion that she is the Virgin Mary. What is the best description for her delusion?
it is a positive symptom
For the past three weeks, Amin has felt lethargic, had problems sleeping and making decisions, lost pleasure and interest in activities he previously enjoyed, and has had feelings of worthlessness. The most likely diagnosis for Amin is
major depressive disorder.
Dissociation is thought to be a person's way of dealing with extreme stress by
mentally protecting the conscious self from the traumatic event.
______ is a key aspect of prosocial behavior.
mood
Personal Distress
person engages in behavior that is troubling
Rick has been distressed over a long period of time. He has had problems coping with life and relating to people. He tries to avoid meeting people, as he thinks his breathing can be dangerous for others. He also believes that washing his face seven times an hour will keep him healthy. Rick meets all the criteria for abnormal behavior, which is defined as involving
personal distress, maladaptive behavior, and deviance.
Peter thinks of himself as quite smart, and more capable and trustworthy than many of his co-workers. Peter's boss likes and respects him, but in general, Peter is an average employee. Peter holds several BLANK about himself
positive illusions
BLANK is an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individual's membership in a group.
prejudice
Barry has been experiencing perceptions and thoughts that are removed from reality. He is experiencing _______.
psychosis
Trisha attributed pink neon lights at a local gas station on her way to her therapist's office and her therapist's pink water bottle as signs she was safe and could trust her therapist. This thought process is considered
referential thinking
Thought disorder
refers to unusual, sometimes bizarre thought processes.
According to risky shift, after group discussion, attitudes become
riskier
Hippocrates noticed that ______ sometimes led to an apparent cure of psychological problems.
seizures
______ is the idea that one can master a situation and produce positive outcomes.
self efficacy
When asked about your attitude about a vegan diet, you think "I must not be in favor of it, because I eat meat, dairy, and eggs." This illustrates the ______ theory.
self-perception
The tendency to take credit for our successes and to deny responsibility for our failures is
self-serving bias.
BLANK is the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people.
social psychology
BLANK approach attributes psychological problems to the larger social context in which a person lives, including the individual's culture or gender.
sociocultural
People who experience BLANK experience anxiety due to negative expectations about themselves as members of a group, and will consequently underperform.
stereotype threat
Self-serving bias is the tendency to
take credit for successes and deny responsibility for failures.
Which of the following is a key social cue in person perception?
the face
Person perception is
the process by which impressions of others are formed by social stimuli.
