Exam: 7 Chapter 36,37,38,40,41. West Coast University.
An early indicator of colon cancer is
Change in bowel habits
What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client's report of dysphagia
Chest pain during meals
What laboratory data would support a diagnosis of hemochromatosis?
Elevated ferritin
What finding should prompt further diagnostic testing in a child presenting with diarrhea?
Blood and mucus in the stools
Which response to an injection of ACTH indicates a primary adrenal insufficiency?
No change in serum glucocorticoid level
A tumor which results in excessive production and release of catecholamines is
Pheochromocytoma
________ disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the liver.
Wilson
An urgent surgical consult is indicated for the patient with acute abdominal pain and
absent bowel sounds
A viral hepatitis screen with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be interpreted as ________ hepatitis B.
acute
Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is characteristic of
alcohol-induced injury.
More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with
alcoholism
A biliary cause of acute pancreatitis is suggested by an elevation in which serum laboratory results?
alkaline phosphatase
Acute right lower quadrant pain associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of
appendicitis
It is true that Graves disease is
associated with autoantibodies to TSH receptors
Proton pump inhibitors may be used in the management of peptic ulcer disease to
decrease hydrochloric acid (HCl) secretion.
Diabetic neuropathy is thought to result from
decreased myoinositol transport
Chronic pancreatitis may lead to
diabetes mellitus
Fecal leukocyte screening would be indicated in a patient with suspected
enterocolitis
Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of ________ in the liver cells.
fat
A silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates
functional bowel obstruction
Untreated acute cholecystitis may lead to ________ of the gallbladder wall.
gangrene
Dumping syndrome is commonly seen after __________ procedures.
gastric bypass
Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of
gastric ulcer
A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is
gastroesophageal varices
The breakdown of stored glycogen in the liver and muscles is called
glycogenolysis
A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as
goiter
Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia?
heartburn
The most common causes of prehepatic jaundice are ________ and ineffective erythropoiesis.
hemolysis
An increased urine bilirubin is associated with
hepatitis
The signs and symptoms of adrenocortical hormone excess may occur from either a primary or secondary disorder. A symptom associated with primary Cushing syndrome is
hyperglycemia
A patient with pancreatitis may experience muscle cramps secondary to
hypocalcemia
A clinical finding that is consistent with a diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency is
hypoglycemia
A laboratory finding that would help confirm the diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism is
hypokalemia
A clinical finding consistent with a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is
hyponatremia
A patient presenting with muscle cramps, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and prolonged Q-T intervals on EKG may be showing symptoms of
hypoparathyroidism
Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in
increased facilitated cellular diffusion of glucose.
Constipation in an elderly patient can be best treated by
increasing fiber in the diet
The finding of hypotension, rigid abdomen, and absent bowel sounds in a patient with pancreatitis
indicates peritonitis with substantial risk for sepsis and shock.
Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associated with
inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods
Propylthiouracil may be used to treat hyperthyroidism, because it
inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis
The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 2 diabetes is
insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction.
The formation of active vitamin D
is impaired in renal failure
It is true that the synthesis of thyroid hormones
is inhibited by iodine deficiency
The American Diabetes Association recommends a postprandial blood glucose level of ________ mg/dL for adults with diabetes.
less than 180
Jaundice is a common manifestation of
liver disease
A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n) ________ diet.
low-protein and high-fiber
It is true that gallstones are
more common in women
Rupture of esophageal varices is a complication of cirrhosis with portal hypertension and carries a high ________ rate.
mortality
Premature infants are at greater risk for developing
necrotizing enterocolitis
Radioactive iodine treatment is the therapy of choice in patients with Graves disease. The patient should be expected to
need lifelong thyroid replacement therapy.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with
nonketotic hyperosmolality
Growth hormone-deficient infants would display
normal birth length and weight
________ is the most powerful predictor of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
obesity
A patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of
octreotide acetate
Calcitonin is produced by thyroid parafollicular cells and increases bone formation by
osteoblasts
The most challenging aspect of treatment for chronic pancreatitis is
pain control
The underlying pathogenic mechanism for type 1 diabetes is
pancreatic β-cell destruction.
Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of
pancreatitis
Esophageal varices represent a complication of ________ hypertension.
portal
Pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to
portal hypertension
Barrett esophagus is a
preneoplastic lesion
A type of insulin that would be most appropriate for acute management of hyperglycemia is
regular
Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO and may require continuous gastric suctioning in order to
remove the usual stimuli for pancreatic secretion.
In type I diabetes, respiratory compensation may occur through a process of
respiratory alkalosis
Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism
result from decreased serum ionized calcium.
Diabetes insipidus is a condition that
results from inadequate ADH secretion
It is true that growth hormone excess in adults
results in the condition of acromegaly
Diabetes mellitus is the ________ leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in the United States.
seventh
Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute pancreatitis related to potential for
sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
The pain associated with chronic pancreatitis is generally described as ________ in nature.
steady and boring
A patient receiving chemotherapy may be at greater risk for development of
stomatitis
A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for
Helicobacter pylori
Myxedema coma is a severe condition associated with
Hypothyroidism
Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with
Increased blood ammonia levels
Brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called
Kernicterus
What effect would adrenocortical insufficiency have on an individual's response to surgical stress?
More prone to hypotension
The definitive treatment for cholecystitis is
cholecystectomy
Most gallstones are composed of
cholesterol
Surgical removal of a gland may result in
hyposecretion
It is true that biliary cancer
tend to be asymptomatic and progress insidiously
A clinical finding consistent with a hypoglycemic reaction is
tremors
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases
water reabsorption in the collecting tubule of the kidney
Normal bile is composed of
water, electrolytes, and organic solutes.
Aldosterone secretion is regulated by the presence of ________ in the circulation
Angiotensin II
Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is
Autoimmune hepatitis
What indicator is most helpful in evaluating long-term blood glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus?
Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c)
A patient who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is
being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome) results from
blocked cortisol production
Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to
blood or semen
Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with
bloody diarrhea
What finding would rule out a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in a patient with chronic diarrhea?
bloody stools
An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat
cerebral edema
