Exam bio chapter 4 review

The molecule ________ is produced to store energy and is broken down in order to use that energy for cellular processes.

ATP

Which of the following is correct about homeostasis?

All living things must maintain homeostasis in order to survive.

What is the importance of photosynthesis to organisms other than plants?

Photosynthesis captures energy that other organisms access when they eat either plants or organisms that eat plants.

Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis and cellular respiration is FALSE?

The process of cellular respiration does not require the input of energy.

The branched structures on a nerve cell that receive information are called

dendrites.

In the reaction 6 CO2 + 6 H2O à C6H12O6 + 6 O2 , the 6 CO2 molecules are some of the

reactants

Glycolysis is an anaerobic process, indicating that the glycolytic reactions

require no oxygen.

In what way is the structure of the small intestine related to its function?

Finger-like villi increase the surface area available for absorption.

Which of the following serves as both reactant in photosynthesis and product in cellular respiration?

H2O

Which of the following is logically associated with mitochondria?

Krebs cycle

How do living systems "know" the appropriate temperature or water content within that system?

Organisms have a genetically predetermined set point that must be internally maintained.

Which of the following statements accurately distinguishes tissues from organs?

Organs consist of multiple tissue types, whereas tissues consist of one or more cell types.

Which of the following statements about energy metabolism is FALSE?

Plants provide the H2O and CO2 that animals need to carry out respiration.

Plants and animals use different energy storage molecules, yet they both use the same mechanism to "burn" their stored energy. How can plants and animals both be successful, even though they "burn" different energy storage molecules?

The breaking of the chemical bonds of a storage molecule transfers energy, no matter what molecule is stored.

Which of the following is a similarity between photosynthesis and respiration?

They are both metabolic processes.

During blood clotting, a broken blood vessel triggers a cascade of factors that collectively reduce blood loss. In this example, the clotting factors are functioning as part of

a positive feedback loop.

Any chemical reaction that uses ATP to build cellular components is

anabolic

Which of the following parts of a neuron is responsible for transmitting a signal to another cell?

axon

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration cycle the element __________ through the environment. When a plant does photosynthesis, it takes this element from the air and produces sugars. When animals conduct cellular respiration, they break down sugars and exhale a gas that contains this element.

carbon

Metabolic reactions that break down complex molecules into smaller compounds, thereby releasing usable energy for the cell, are best described as

catabolic.

What should the arrow in the following equation be labeled? Sugar + oxygen à carbon dioxide + water + ATP.

cellular respiration

Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis in plants?

chloroplast

Which of the following sequences correctly describes the pathway that a signal travels in a neuron?

dendrite to cell body to axon

The first law of thermodynamics states that

energy cannot be created nor destroyed.

When ATP breaks down into ADP and a phosphate group,

energy is released and can power cellular activities.

The energy required for life processes must be extracted from an organism's

environment.

The three stages of cellular respiration (in order) are

glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Which of the following is a collection of organs?

heart, lungs, and liver

A given enzyme

increases the rate of a particular reaction.

To conduct photosynthesis and produce the desired product, an autotroph must acquire __________ as a source of energy and __________ as a source of matter.

light ; carbon dioxide

Which of the following ultimately provides the O2 used during the process of cellular respiration?

light reactions of photosynthesis

The capture AND use of energy by living organisms involves numerous chemical reactions. Collectively these processes are known as

metabolism

When you eat an apple, your body breaks down the tissues of the apple and absorbs the nutrients. What is the correct path an apple would take through your digestive system?

mouth, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

The first enzymes that food encounters in our body are in our

mouth.

After about an hour of basking in the sun, the body temperature of the marine iguana reaches 37°C, and the animal dives into the water to feed. In the water, its body temperature rapidly drops, and the iguana must return to the rocks to warm up. This process is an example of

negative feedback.

Regulation of your body temperature is primarily controlled by which system?

nervous

An organism that lives in a hypo

or anoxic environment would get the energy it needs to fuel it cells through-glycolysis as part of fermentation.

Which of the following components includes all of the others listed below?

organ system

For homework, your instructor asks you to write a paragraph discussing how the mouth, stomach, and small intestines work together to process food items and provide nutrients to the body. Which level of biological organization are you studying?

organ systems

In the reaction C6H12O6 + 6 O2 à 6 CO2 + 6 H2O, the 6 CO2 molecules are some of the

products.

Carbon dioxide is one product of a metabolic process, which occurs in both plants and animals. This process is called

respiration.

The power that moves food along your esophagus comes from

smooth muscle.

The external signals and information that are received by an organism are called

stimuli.

Photosynthetic organisms capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical bonds by forming

sugars

The ultimate source of energy for living systems is

sunlight.

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are both complementary and relatively balanced, but early history of life on Earth showed increasing oxygen concentrations. This indicates that

the amount of photosynthesis occurring exceeded the amount of cellular respiration.

Food passing through our digestive tract would contain the fewest nutrients when it reaches which of the following organs?

the large intestine