Exam Practice Test

(1) The probability of your being able to recall the target word "DISH" would likely be the GREATEST in which of the following three processing contexts? A. "Is the word written in capital letters?" B. "Does the word rhyme with FISH?" C. "Does the word fit into the sentence?: He passed her a _______ full of steaming pasta" (2) You can make this prediction on the basis of __________.

(1) C; (2) the levels of processing theory

In the alcohol study discussed in class, there were four groups of participants: Group 1: Learning while sober and recalling later while sober (sober/sober) Group 2: Learning while intoxicated and recalling later while intoxicated (drunk/drunk) Group 3: Learning while sober and recalling later while intoxicated (sober/drunk) Group 4: Learning while intoxicated and recalling later while sober (drunk/sober) Which of the following statements is TRUE about the results of later recall in this alcohol study?

(a) Group 1 (sober/sober) performed better than Group 2 (drunk/drunk) The encoding-while-drunk groups (Groups 2 & 4) performed much worse than the sober-while-encoding groups (Groups 1 & 3)

Suppose that a friend of yours just told you that she is not entirely sure exactly what sort of questions will be asked on a forthcoming exam for a social psychology class, but that she plans to use flashcards to study for the exam. Which of the following study tips should you give her if you want to help her do well on this exam?

(a) Make sure to retrieve the answer before flipping each card to see whether it is correct or not (b) Use not just flashcards but other methods of studying as well (c) Aim to recall each item correctly multiple times before taking a card out of the deck

According to the Five Popular Study Strategies article, rereading can be an effective study strategy under what specific circumstances?

(a) When the test occurs immediately after reading and focuses on memorization of key facts (b) When the two reading sessions are spaced out

Although (a)__________ is a well known and robust phenomenon, its applicability to various testing situations is quite limited to cases in which students know exactly how their knowledge will be tested later. In most other cases (including studying for exams for this course), students are better off relying on the notion of (b)__________ instead, because they cannot be sure how they will be asked to retrieve the information learned later.

(a) encoding specificity; (b) encoding variability

According to the metacognition research, people commonly (a)__________ the strength of their memory/learning. This tendency is particularly strong when they make their metacognitive judgments (b)__________ their learning.

(a) overestimate; (b) immediately after

Consider the following two ideas: (a) Testing is effective for learning (b) Having good background knowledge about a topic you will be learning helps you integrate new information into your existing knowledge really well Which of the seven principles of effective learning covered in the Module 1 lectures is MOST STRONGLY associated with each of these two ideas?

(a) retrieval practice; (b) deep & elaborative processing You Answered

Which of the memory principles covered in Module 1 are essentially about ensuring initial high-quality encoding of information you're trying to learn?

(b) Focused learning (c) Deep & elaborative processing

Which of the following memory principles covered in the Module 1 lectures are essentially about "learning the information really well when you first study it"? (a) spaced learning (b) retrieval practice (c) deep and elaborative processing (d) focused learning (e) transfer-appropriate processing

(c) and (d)

In the alcohol study we discussed in Module 1, there were four groups of participants: (a) the sober-sober group (sober at encoding and sober at retrieval); (b) the sober-drunk group; (c) the drunk-sober group; and (d) the drunk-drunk group. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the results of this study?

. At recall, the drunk-drunk group performed better than the drunk-sober group

According to the Five Popular Study Strategies article, all of the following study behaviors are problematic EXCEPT:

A. Using the fluency associated with a second reading to assess the extent to which you have learned the material successfully B. Dropping flashcards from study after one successful retrieval C. Writing down as much information on lecture slides as possible verbatim while in class these are all problematic

Which of the following questions would lead to the greatest probability of successfully recalling the target word HUNGRY later?

Can you think of a word that is synonymous to the word HUNGRY?

Which of the following statements about metacognition is TRUE, according to the Metacognition chapter?

Feeling highly confident about your guess that Sydney is Australia's capital is a good example of inaccurate metacognition.

Which of the following is NOT one of the key characteristics of cognitive psychology

Focus on both conscious and unconscious processes Using scientific evidence to uncover mental processes Using both behavioral and neuroscientific methods

Which of the following is NOT a recommended study strategy, according to the Optimizing Learning in College article?

Listen to your favorite music while studying to elevate your mood and motivation

Which of the following statements about massed vs. spaced learning is NOT true?

Massed learning is more effective than spaced learning for certain types of learning, such as skill learning

According to the Five Popular Study Strategies article, which of the following practices may NOT be harmful when using flash cards for studying?

Mixing flash cards from two different topics

In the Karpicke & Blunt (2011) study, four groups of participants (the study group, the restudy group, the repeated study group, & the concept mapping group) studied a text in the initial phase. Their understanding of the text was tested a week later. Which of the following two statements about what happened to the concept mapping group is TRUE? Statement A: The concept mapping group performed MUCH BETTER than the repeated study group on the comprehension test. Statement B: The comprehension test performance of the concept mapping group was AS GOOD AS the retrieval practicegroup.

Neither Statement A nor Statement B is true

According to the Optimizing Learning in College article, all of the following are good learning strategies EXCEPT:

None of the above (the three tips above are all good ones recommended in the article)

The authors of the Five Popular Study Strategies article actually make which of the following claims about rereading in this article?

Rereading can give students the false impression that they are effectively learning the text because the second reading is often perceived to be more fluent.

Which of the following statements does NOT accurately characterize the take-home messages of the Five Popular Study Strategies article?

Students are often aware of common pitfalls associated with these strategies, but, because of poor time and motivation management skills, many students fail to implement them optimall

Which of the following ways to reduce procrastination discussed in class MOST DIRECTLY target the problem associated with people's need to engage in mood repair due to task aversion?

Using the pomodoro technique or the 5-second rule

Which of the following is NOT a recommended study strategy, according to the Optimizing Learning in College article?

Write a chapter summary as you read

Which of the following study strategies for textbook chapters are NOT recommended by the authors of the Optimizing Learning in College article?

Write a chapter summary as you read

According to the authors of the Optimizing Learning in College article, which form of note-taking is more effective for learning: typing on a laptop and writing by hand?

Writing by hand

According to the Metacognition chapter, which of the following actions would MOST LIKELY help you improve the accuracy of your metacognitive judgments of your learning?

a) Try to explain some ideas and concepts to other people (b) Test your memory at a later time (delayed testing)

According to the authors of the Five Popular Study Strategiesarticle, note-taking has been shown to be beneficial for:

both encoding and storage (reviewing)

The levels of processing theory is MOST closely associated with which of the following memory principles covered in the Module 1 lectures?

deep and elaborative processing

In the alcohol study discussed in today's lecture, which of the four groups actually was the WORST in their recall performance?

drunk at encoding and sober at retrieval

maximize the match between encoding and retrieval

encoding specificity

encoding information in various ways

encoding variability

Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve suggests that forgetting is very slow at first (e.g., within the first 2 or 3 days) but then rapidly accelerates as time goes by.

false

Repeated learning ensures long-lasting memories, as long as you are exposed to the to-be-learned material many, many times.

false

This question concerns a hypothetical experiment similar to an in-class demo given in class. In this study, subjects are divided into three groups (Groups 1, 2, & 3) and asked to process words in three different ways: Group 1: judge whether each word fits a particular sentence context Group 2: decide whether each word rhymes with some other word Group 3: count the number of letters in each word The three groups of subjects are later given a surprise recall task, in which they have to recall as many words as possible. Subjects' recall performance in this study would likely be BEST in which group? Correct Answer

group 1

Even though he has already memorized his notes, Hao reviews them every night for the two weeks before the exam. This strategy is likely to ________ his performance due to ________.

help; spreading out his practice

The tendency of students to be ineffective in knowing when to drop learned flash cards can be considered an issue of __________ .

inaccurate metacognition

Memory research has repeatedly shown that elaborative rehearsal is __________ maintenance rehearsal.

more effective than

Research has shown that LATER REVIEWING of the material learners produced yields substantial benefits for:

note-taking, but not for highlighting and underlining (marking)

Consider the following recommendation from the Optimizing Learning in College article (one of the required readings for Week 1): "Be skeptical about what you think you know---testing yourself can provide a better picture about which concepts you know well and which you might need to study further." The recommendation that you "be skeptical about what you think you know" is based most DIRECTLY on the fact that ____________.

people do not always have good metacognition about their own learning

Which of the following types of goals are the WORST ones to have if you want to maximize long-term learning and academic achievement?

performance avoidance goals

Your school requires you to change your email password every 3 months. Now, when you try to remember the new password, you can only remember the old one. This effect is most likely due to

proactive inference

You have to take two exams on the same day, one in sociology and one in anthropology. You first study for your sociology exam. After a few hours of studying sociology, you try to study for your anthropology exam, but you are dismayed to discover that you have difficulty remembering anthropology terms because various sociology concepts you studied earlier keep popping up in your mind. In this case, you are experiencing ___________

proactive interference

The phase or stage of memory processes that is most similar to a Google search is

retrieval

You have to take two exams on the same day, one in sociology and one in anthropology. You first study for your sociology exam. After a few hours of review, you study for your anthropology exam. On the next morning, you first take the sociology exam, but you are dismayed to discover that the appropriate sociology terms/concepts keep eluding you while various anthropology terms pop into your head. In this case, you are experiencing _________

retroactive interference

Which of the following seven principles of effective learning is the MOST directly relevant to the idea that it is important to avoid cramming?

spaced learning

the results of Mueller and Oppenheimer's (2014) note-taking study discussed in class strongly suggest that laptop note-taking promotes verbatim note-taking. This tendency for verbatim note-taking __________ when participants were explicitly warned against writing down everything verbatim.

still remained strong even

f you spend the same amount of time reviewing material as testing yourself on the material, you will learn more from ________ because of the increased ________ time.

testing; rehearsal

so you use flash cards to remember the definitions

the enconding context

you know the quiz will focus exclusively on providing the definitions of the concepts

the retrieval context

In the Karpicke & Blunt (2011) study, participants in the "retrieval practice" group (i.e., read a text and then try to recall as much information from it) performed much better than those in the "restudy" group (i.e., read a text and then read it again) when their learning was tested a week later. How well did the participants in the "concept map" group (i.e., read a text and draw a concept map) do at this later test, especially in comparison to those in the "retrieval practice" group?

they were substantially outperformed by those in the "retrieval practice" group

Recent research has shown that taking notes on computers tends to be less effective than taking notes using pen and paper primarily because computer note-takers tend to copy words/sentences verbatim and hence might not engage in deep and elaborative processing.

true

If you want to use the note-taking strategy to effectively and deeply ENCODE information during learning, you should:

try to engage in generative processes