Exam Review Chapter 8

Sound waves that reach the hearing receptors must be transmitted through the eardrum, ossicles, and oval window before fluids surrounding the hearing receptors begin to vibrate.Rank the following in order beginning with the first mechanical structure that helps transmit sound waves to the inner ear.

Auditory canal -> 1.) Tympanic membrane 2.) Malleus 3.) Incus 4.) Stapes 5.) Oval window 6.) Cochlea 7.) Organ of Corti -> Vestibulocochlear nerve

1. Hearing receptors are called (B). 2. The structure that bends the hearing receptors but does not vibrate itself is (C). 3. Sound waves cause the (A) to vibrate first. 4. As a result of this vibration, (B) is/are bent. 5. Hearing receptors are embedded in the (C). 6. Hearing receptors are connected to the (A) by supporting cells.

Basilar Membrane = A Hair Cells = B Tectorial Membrane = C

1.Static equilibrium receptors are located in the vestibule. 2. Dynamic equilibrium receptors are located in the semicircular canals. 3. The bending of dynamic equilibrium receptors is caused by the cupula. 4. The bending of static equilibrium receptors is caused by otoliths. 5. Dynamic equilibrium is detected by the crista ampullaris. 6. Static equilibrium is detected by maculae.

Contrasting Static and Dynamic Equilibria

What is the ability of the eye to focus on close objects?

accommodation

Which of the following is a sex-linked condition that more often affects males?

color blindness

A person with total color blindness may lack ________.

cones

Hemianopia is caused by __________.

damage to the visual cortex

Simon is an 83-year-old man complaining of pain in his eyes, problems seeing things clearly, headaches, and seeing halos around lights. Simon's most likely diagnosis is __________.

glaucoma

Japrice has a cold and her eyes are runny with tears. What structure has become inflamed that is causing Japrice's runny eyes?

lacrimal mucosa

What flexible, crystal-like structure of the eye focuses light on the retina?

lens

The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or ________.

myopia

What type of chemoreceptor is responsible for our sense of smell?

olfactory receptor

At what point do some axons leave the optic nerve and cross to the opposite side of the brain?

optic chiasma

After the age of 40 the elasticity of the lens decreases, making it difficult to clearly see close objects. What is this condition called?

presbyopia

What type of photoreceptor cell allows us to see gray tones in dim light, and provides our peripheral vision?

rods

The fibrous covering of the eye consists of the white outer layer, known as the ________, and a transparent portion known as the ________.

sclera; cornea

Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the ________.

spiral organ of Corti

What part of the eye is affected by cataracts?

the lens

The "hairs" of the hair cells within the organ of Corti are embedded in which of the following?

the tectorial membrane

What membrane divides the outer ear from the middle ear?

tympanic membrane (ear drum)

What sensation allows someone to enjoy the "beef taste" of a steak?

umami

The only special sense that is NOT fully functional at birth is ________.

vision

Which of these is associated with rods?

vision in dim light