Exclusionary Rule
bright-line rule
a clear rule that is understood by police officers and to all situations
Rochin v. California
developed the test of "shocking the conscience" evidence was excluded because officers obtained it wrongfully
independent source rule
exception to exclusionary rule that permits the use of improperly obtained evidence that was also discovered through seperate legal means
attenuation doctrine
exception to exclusionary rule, "purged taint" exception, permits improperly obtained evidence when a subsequent event removes the "taint" of the constitutional violation that led to the discovery of the evidence
inevitable discovery rule
exception to the exclusionary rule that permits the use of improperly obtained evidence when it would have been discovered eventually through legal means
Weeks v. US
exclusionary rule is applied only to federal cases
Wolf v. Colorado
incorporation of 4th amendment to the states; alternatives to exclusion [internal discipline]
Mapp v. Ohio
incorporation of exclusionary rule to states; declared essentail to make 4th amendment meaningful; made it a blue-line rule
exclusionary rule
legal principle that evidence obtained illegally cannot be used against a person in trial
"good faith" exception
permits the use of illegally seized evidence when police act in honest reliance on a warrant improperly issued
collateral use exception
the legal use of improperly obtained evidence. cant use illegally obtained evidence to prove guilt but can be used to show he not trustworthy
"fruit of the poisonous tree" doctrine
when evidence is obtained by improper means, any further evidence discovered indirectly as a result of the improper search or interrogation is also excluded because it has been tainted by the initial rights violation.
