Exercise 42 : The Human Skeletal System
What are the types of joints in the human body?
1. Articular joints 2. Cartilaginous Joints are connection between bones.
What are the different types of movable joints?
1. Ball and socket: Hip & shoulder joints 2. Hinge: Allows for rotation around an axis (knee and elbow) 3. Gliding : Allows movement defined by plain (vertebral joints @ thumb ) 4. Combination: Hinge and Gliding ( jaw TMJ)
Horizontal Flexion
Increases the joint plane
Horizontal Extension
Joint angle decreases
What is a lateral extension?
Joints decreases sideways.
What does the skeleton along with the muscular system determine?
Shape and support and movement
What does the axial skeleton consist of? (hint : 3 parts)
Skull, Vertebral Column and the Thoracic Cavity
What are immovable Joints?
Space between bones filled with fibrous connective tissue. Examples: Teeth, hip-bone and skull.
How many bones are in the human body?
There 206 bones in the human body.
Plantarflexion of the ankle
Toes point down... angel increases
Dorisflexion of the ankle
Toes point up...angle decreases
Circumduction
Tri-planar, circular motion at the hip or shoulder... The shoulder is fixed in place and the hand is moving.
What is hyperextension?
When a joint moves pass 180 degrees.
What is a foramina?
also known as a foramen, holes that allow passage for nerves and blood vessels
What are osteoblasts?
bone forming cells
What is a cartilaginous joint?
bones held together by cartilage
What are the 8 cranial bones?
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid
What are the bones in the hip?
ilium, ischium, pubis
Abduction and Adduction
movement away/into from midline
What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?
pectoral girdle, upper limbs, pelvic girdle, lower limbs
Osteon
structural unit of compact bone
What is the coccyx?
tailbone
What is the cranium made of ?
A vault and a base.
What are the two basic skeletal systems in the human body?
Axial includes :
What are osteoclasts?
Bone-destroying cells
Tendons
Bones are attached to muscles by tendons
What is bone made of?
Protein Calcified Collagen
What is the sacrum?
5 fused vertebrae
How many bones are in the Human Skull?
22 bones
How many bones are in the human ribcage?
24 bones
How many bones are in the human vertebral column?
26 bones
What makes of the osteon?
Lamellae: the rings in the bone. Haversien canal: is at the CENTER of the osteon (housing the blood vessels). Lucunae:Darks circles around the haversien canal. They house the osteocytes. Osteocytes: Hardens the cartilage to make bone rigid. Canaliculi : Connects the Lucunae and the haversien together. Remember BONE is a living tissue.
Rotation types
Lateral and Medial Rotation (both occurs at the hip)
What are bones held together by?
Ligament