EXP 3406 Chp. 7 Quiz

Acquiring information and transforming it into long-term memory is encoding. state-dependent learning. memory consolidation. transfer-appropriate processing.

encoding.

In the experiment conducted by Viskontas and coworkers using picture pairs, a participant's later experience of familiarity with a particular pair was coded as "know." "think." "sense." "remember."

"know."

The research conducted by Godden and Baddeley, Grant and coworkers, and Eich and Metcalfe while different have what in common? All of these studies support that retrieval of memory can be increased by matching the conditions at retrieval to the conditions that existed during encoding. All of these studies support that retrieval of memory can be decreased by matching the conditions at retrieval to the conditions that existed during encoding. All of these studies support that retrieval of memory is not impacted by matching the conditions at retrieval to the conditions that existed during encoding. All of these studies support that retrieval of memory can be increased by matching the external conditions at retrieval to the external conditions that existed during encoding.

All of these studies support that retrieval of memory can be increased by matching the conditions at retrieval to the conditions that existed during encoding.

Research into reconsolidation of memories in people who have PTSD has focused on the aspects of which type of memory? Systemic memory Emotional memory Episodic memory Visual memory

Emotional memory

Evidence from which type of memory retrieval supports the multiple trace model of consolidation? Semantic memories Procedural memories Auditory memories Episodic memories

Episodic memories

When studying which of the following supports the use of self-testing with questions you created as an effective studying technique? Self-testing provides a structure on which the new information is related to already known information. Generation and self-testing indicates what you know and increases your ability to remember this information later. Self-testing creates more familiarity with the information and increases memory. Grouping information together through testing increases memory.

Generation and self-testing indicates what you know and increases your ability to remember this information later.

Research shows that which of the following does not improve reading comprehension because it does not encourage elaborative processing of the material? Organization Making up questions about the material Feedback Highlighting

Highlighting

Katie and Alana are roommates taking the same psychology class. They have a test in four days during a 10:00-11:00 AM class period. Both women intend to study for three hours, but because of different work schedules, Katie will study one hour for each of the next three days, while Alana will study three hours the day before the exam. What could you predict about their performances? Katie and Alana should perform equally well, because each studied the same time overall (supporting the equal-time hypothesis). State-dependent learning predicts that Katie should perform better, because the exam takes place during a one-hour class period. Katie should perform better because of the spacing effect. Alana will perform better because of a long-term memory recency effect.

Katie should perform better because of the spacing effect.

Bransford and Johnson's study had participants hear a passage, which turned out to be about a man on the street serenading his girlfriend in a tall building. The wording of the passage made it difficult to understand, but looking at a picture made it easier to understand. This illustrated the importance of what in forming reliable long-term memories? Implicit memory Imagery Reconsolidation Organizational context

Organizational context

Which of the following BEST explains how memory for a word is improved by relating the word to the self? The self-reference effect Generation effect The paired-associate learning effect Retrieval practice effect

The self-reference effect

Based on what you have learned about the memory and consolidation processes, what would you be MOST likely recommend to your friend if they want to get a good grade on their next test? Study all night for the test and not worry about sleeping as long as they have been getting lots of sleep all week, they should be fine. They should get a good night's sleep after studying for the test. They should stay up all night studying and not sleep. They should study the majority of the night and take a nap before their test.

They should get a good night's sleep after studying for the test.

Your roommate has been studying by rereading their notes from class but cannot understand why their test grades are not improving. Based on what you know about effective studying, you suggest that your roommate use rereading of both their notes and textbook. highlighting the material in their notes. rereading of both their notes and textbook. add elaboration to the information from their notes.

add elaboration to the information from their notes.

The story in the text about the balloons that were used to suspend a speaker in mid-air was used to illustrate the role of forming connections with other information in memory. organization in memory. depth of processing in memory. rehearsal in memory.

organization in memory.

The maintenance rehearsal task of learning a word by repeating it over and over again is MOST likely to cause sensory memories to interfere with consolidation in working memory. produce some short-term remembering but fail to produce longer-term memories. lead to effective autobiographical memories. lead to immediate decay due to retroactive interference.

produce some short-term remembering but fail to produce longer-term memories.

The process that occurs during memory consolidation where the hippocampus replays the neural activity associated with that memory and helps to form direct connections between different cortical areas is known as trace consolidation. recency effect. recall. reactivation.

reactivation.

Experimental evidence suggesting that the standard model of consolidation needs to be revised is data that show that the hippocampus was activated during retrieval of recent episodic memories. recent and remote episodic memories. remote semantic memories. recent and remote semantic memories.

recent and remote episodic memories.

Treatment of PTSD has benefitted from recent research on transfer-appropriate processing. reconsolidation. depth of processing. levels of processing.

reconsolidation.

The principle that we encode information together with its context is known as encoding transcription. specificity. consolidation. priming.

specificity.

Jenkins and Russell (1952) presented a list of words like "chair, apple, dish, shoe, cherry, sofa" to participants. In a test, participants recalled the words in a different order than the order in which they were originally presented. This result occurred because of the tendency of objects in the same category to become organized. way the phonological loop reorganizes information based on sound during rehearsal. way objects like dishes and shoes are encoded visually. effect of proactive interference.

tendency of objects in the same category to become organized.

When the methods used to encode and retrieve information are the same, this is called transfer-appropriate processing. state-dependent processing. stimulus-fluency processing. recall-potentiation processing.

transfer-appropriate processing.