EXPH Lab Exam #2
In lab we collected data related to force-velocity and power-velocity relationships. One such set of data is presented graphically below. Why does point Q have a high value on this figure?
(Q = top of concentric curve/peak on power-velocity curve) power is high; intermediate velocity and force provides the best combination for producing power
In lab we collected data related to force-velocity and power-velocity relationships. One such set of data is presented graphically below. Why does point N have a low value on this figure?
(downward slope of concentric phase/end) at that point power is low because force is low; with concentric actoins force decreases as velocity increases
In lab we collected data related to force-velocity and power-velocity relationships. One such set of data is presented graphically below. If we were comparing knee extensors and knee flexors, the extensors would be most likely to have higher force production at which concentric data point?
(first point on concentric side after isometric point)
Some athletes are better at long events, some at short events, and some at intermediate distances. These different types of events require different physiological strengths (and permit certain weaknesses). Match the physiological test data with the best match for the different types of athletes below. large female 200m sprinter (best time 22.59s)
- VO2max 31.6 ml/kg.min - LT at 41 % of VO2max - Absolute Maximum Anaerobic Power 788 W - Relative Max Anaerobic Power 9.9 W/kg - Accumulated O2 deficit 69.1 ml/kg
Some athletes are better at long events, some at short events, and some at intermediate distances. These different types of events require different physiological strengths (and permit certain weaknesses). Match the physiological test data with the best match for the different types of athletes below. small female 100m sprinter (best time 11.32s)
- VO2max 33.6 ml/kg.min - LT at 44.5% of VO2max - Absolute Maximum Anaerobic Power 632 W - Relative Max Anaerobic Power 10.2 W/kg - Accumulated O2 deficit 71.2 ml/kg
Some athletes are better at long events, some at short events, and some at intermediate distances. These different types of events require different physiological strengths (and permit certain weaknesses). Match the physiological test data with the best match for the different types of athletes below. Large male 200m sprinter (best time 20.6s)
- VO2max 40.7 ml/kg.min - LT at 49% of VO2max - Absolute Maximum Anaerobic Power 1,296 W - Relative Max Anaerobic Power 15.13 W/kg - Accumulated O2 deficit 76 ml/kg
Some athletes are better at long events, some at short events, and some at intermediate distances. These different types of events require different physiological strengths (and permit certain weaknesses). Match the physiological test data with the best match for the different types of athletes below. Small Male 100m sprinter (best time 10.96s)
- VO2max 42.6 ml/kg.min - LT at 42% of VO2max - Absolute Maximum Anaerobic Power 1,032W - Relative Max Anaerobic Power 15.9 W/kg - Accumulated O2 deficit 70 ml/kg
Some athletes are better at long events, some at short events, and some at intermediate distances. These different types of events require different physiological strengths (and permit certain weaknesses). Match the physiological test data with the best match for the different types of athletes below. average sized male 1500m (middle distance) runner (best 1500m time 3:54.6 sec)
- VO2max 74.5 ml/kg.min - LT at 81% of VO2max - Absolute Maximum Anaerobic Power 698W - Relative Max Anaerobic Power 10.2 W/kg - Accumulated O2 deficit 74.4 ml/kg
Some athletes are better at long events, some at short events, and some at intermediate distances. These different types of events require different physiological strengths (and permit certain weaknesses). Match the physiological test data with the best match for the different types of athletes below. average sized male half marathoner (best time 1hr, 4 min, 36 sec)
- VO2max 81 ml/kg.min - LT at 91% of VO2max - Absolute Maximum Anaerobic Power 547 W - Relative Max Anaerobic Power 8.13 W/kg - Accumulated O2 deficit 49 ml/kg
In one of our lab VII experiments we looked at the effects of intensity on fuel substrate use. Which of the following statements regarding exercise intensity and fuel substrate use is/are NOT true?
- at higher intensities the percentage of calories coming from circulating fatty acids increases - high intensity exercise is associated with greater recruitment of slow twitch fibers, which tends to increase carbohydrate use
Which of the following hormones would tend to increase hepatic glucose output?
- glucagon - cortisol - epinephrine - norepinephrine
which of the following would tend to increase glycogen stores?
- glycogen synthase - insulin
In one of our lab activities we used proprioreceptive neuromuscular facilitation, PNF, to try to inhibit muscle contraction and thus improve the ability to stretch a muscle (in our experiment we were stretching the muscle). The following depicts the reflex arc for reciprocal inhibition of the hamstrings. Match the letters with the most appropriate description. Note: hamstrings are innervated by the sciatic nerve and quadriceps femoris by the femoral nerve.
- hamstrings: b - afferent nerve: i - sciatic nerve: c - excitatory synapse: g - inhibitory synapse: f - muscle spindle: j
In one of our lab VII experiments we looked at the effects of intensity on fuel substrate use. Which of the following statements regarding exercise intensity and fuel substrate use is/are NOT true?
- high intensity exercise decreases insulin secretion, which tends to decrease muscle glycogen breakdown
In one of our lab VII experiments we looked at the effects of intensity on fuel substrate use. Which of the following statements regarding exercise intensity and fuel substrate use is/are NOT true?
- high intensity exercise decreases insulin secretion, which tends to decrease phosphorylase activity, which tends to increase carbohydrate use - an increase in ADP concentrations when we go from low to moderate intensity exercise would decrease PFK activity and increase carbohydrate use
In one of our lab VII experiments we looked at the effects of intensity on fuel substrate use. Which of the following statements regarding exercise intensity and fuel substrate use is/are NOT true?
- high intensity exercise is associated with greater recruitment of fast twitch fibers, which tends to decreases carbohydrate use - the absolute number of fat calories burned at low intensities is usually higher than the amount burned during moderate intensity exercise
In one of our lab VII experiments we looked at the effects of intensity on fuel substrate use. Which of the following statements regarding exercise intensity and fuel substrate use is/are NOT true?
- high intensity exercise is associated with greater recruitment of slow twitch fibers, which tends to increase carbohydrate use - at higher intensities the percentage of calories coming from circulating fatty acids increases
In one of our lab VII experiments we looked at the effects of intensity on fuel substrate use. Which of the following statements regarding exercise intensity and fuel substrate use is/are NOT true?
- the absolute number of fat calories burned at low intensities is usually higher than the amount burned during moderate intensity exercise - high intensity exercise is associated with greater recruitment of fast twitch fibers, which tends to decreases carbohydrate use
Some athletes are better at long events, some at short events, and some at intermediate distances. These different types of events require different physiological strengths (and permit certain weaknesses). Match the physiological test data with the best match for the different types of athletes below. average sized female 1500m (middle distance) runner (best 1500m time 4min 14.6 sec)
-VO2max 67.2 ml/kg.min -LT at 79.6 % of VO2max -Absolute Maximum Anaerobic Power 441 W -Relative Max Anaerobic Power 7.2 W/kg - Accumulated O2 deficit 68.5 ml/kg
Some athletes are better at long events, some at short events, and some at intermediate distances. These different types of events require different physiological strengths (and permit certain weaknesses). Match the physiological test data with the best match for the different types of athletes below. small female marathoner (best time 2 hrs 26 min 58 sec)
-VO2max 69.1 ml/kg.min - LT at 93.1 % of VO2max - Absolute Maximum Anaerobic Power 351 W - Relative Max Anaerobic Power 7.1 W/kg - Accumulated O2 deficit 46.5 ml/kg
Which of the following best describes the hold relax with agonist contraction PNF procedure if the goal is to improve stretch of the gastrocnemius muscle?
1) We stretched the subject's gastrocnemius passively until we reached the limits of its ROM. 2) Then we had the subject contract their gastrocnemius submaximally and then maximally while we held their foot in place 3) Then had them relax while we pushed their foot further while the subject contracts their dorsiflexor muscles
Which of the following best describes the hold relax PNF procedure if the goal is to improve stretch of the hamstrings?
1) We stretched the subject's hamstring passively until we reached the limits of its ROM. 2) Then we had the subject contract their hamstrings submaximally and then maximally while we held their leg in place 3) then had them relax while we pushed their leg further
Match the accumulated O2 deficit values with the matching subjects below. most healthy adults regardless of training status
30-60
Match the accumulated O2 deficit values with the matching subjects below. untrained subjects
40-50
Match the accumulated O2 deficit values with the matching subjects below. distance runners
45-55
Match the accumulated O2 deficit values with the matching subjects below. middle distance runners
70-80
The following image is a screen capture from your subject's best maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) attempt. In a subsequent experiment you then had them hold a 15 pound weight isometrically at a 60 degree angle and at that angle their integral was 0.00014 with a delta T of 0.254 seconds. What was their normalized iEMG activity during this isometric action?
73.7
Match the accumulated O2 deficit values with the matching subjects below. sprinters
75-85
Which of the following blood glucose values falls in the normal (not hyperglycemic, diabetic, or hypoglycemic) fasting range ? (note: mg% = mg/100ml = mg/dl)
80 mg%
Which of the following is NOT a potential mechanism that contributes to peripheral fatigue of skeletal muscle? A.) an increae in Pi can potentially result in its precipitation with calcium in the SR and thus impair SR calcium release B.) lactate can directly interfere with actin - myosin interactions and thus reduce force production C.) depletion of PCr stores can contribute to peripheral fatigue D.) H+ can inhibit phosphofructokinase and thus slow ATP production, and thus play a role in peripheral fatigue E.) durign long duration activities, glycogen depletion can contribute to peripheral fatigue
B.) lactate can directly interfere with actin - myosin interactions and thus reduce force production
Which of the following is the primary method for dissipating heat during exercise?
Evaporation
Glycogen synthase catalyzes which of the following processes?
Glycogenesis
PFK catalyzes the rate limiting step of which of the following processes?
Glycolysis
Which of the following fiber types would be most resistant to fatigue?
I
Which of the following fiber types would have the lowest frequency required to achevie tetanus?
I
Which of the following fiber types would tend to be the largest diameter fibers in women?
I
Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the greatest capillary density?
I
Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the greatest mitochondrial volume?
I
Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the lowest ATPase activity?
I
Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the lowest amount of SERCAs?
I
Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the lowest amount of glycolytic enzymes?
I
Which of the following fiber types would tend to store the least glycogen?
I
Myosin heavy chain IIA would be the predominant type of myosin in which fiber type?
IIA
Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the least myoglobin?
IIX
Which of the following fiber types would tend to be the largest diameter fibers in men?
IIa
Myosin heavy chain IIA and Myosin heavy chain IIX would both be found in which fiber type?
IIax
Myosin heavy chain IIX would be the predominant type of myosin in which fiber type?
IIx
Which of the following fiber types would be easiest to fatigue?
IIx
Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the lowest capillary density?
IIx
Which of the following fiber types would tend to have the lowest succinate dehydrogenase activity? (SDH catalyzes a step in the citric acid cycle)
IIx
Which of the following fiber types would tend to store the most glycogen?
IIx
When using the hold-relax procedure to try to increase the stretch of a muscle we make use of which of the following reflex phenomena?
Inverse stretch reflex
Which of the following torque curves best depicts the expected torque curve we would expect for a muscle group with long muscle fibers?
K (increase > plateau > decrease)
Which of the following torque curves looks most like the torque curve we recorded for the hamstrings on the Biodex in lab (video)?
K (increase, plateau, decrease)
Which of the following EMG tracings best depicts the electrical activity of a muscle group that has its sticking point at 180 ?
K (linear increase)
Which of the following torque curves best depicts the expected torque curve we would expect for a muscle group with long muscle fibers?
K (plateau before decreases)
Which of the following EMG tracings best depicts the electrical activity of a muscle group that has a very high force arm:resistance arm ratio at 135 ?
L (blue valley)
The EMG tracing on the far left was recorded from a muscle group during a single concentric action with free weights. You then tested this same muscle group on an isokinetic dynamometer. Which of the figures best depicts the torque curve we would observe for this muscle during this isokinetic action?
L (upside down U/V)
Which of the following torque curves best depicts the expected torque curve for an extensor muscle group?
L (upside down U/V)
Which of the following torque curves best depicts the expected torque curve we would expect for a muscle group with short muscle fibers in a pennate arrangement?
L (upside down V/U)
The torque curve on the far left was recorded from a muscle group during a single concentric isokinetic action. You then recorded the EMG of this same muscle group using free weights during a single concentric action. Which of the figures best depicts the EMG tracing we would observe for this muscle during this lift?
L (valley)
Which of the following EMG tracings best depicts the electrical activity of a muscle group moving a 25 pound weight and has a very very good overlap of actin and myosin at 135 ?
L (valley)
Which of the following EMG tracings best depicts the electrical activity of a muscle group with the best leverage at 135 while performing a knee extension with free weights?
L (valley)
The torque curve on the far left was recorded from a muscle group during a single concentric isokinetic action. You then recorded the EMG of this same muscle group using free weights during a single concentric action. Which of the figures best depicts the EMG tracing we would observe for this muscle during this lift?
M (blue mountain)
Which of the following EMG tracings best depicts the electrical activity of a muscle group that has a very low force arm:resistance arm ratio at 135 ?
M (blue mountain)
The torque curve on the far left was recorded from a muscle group during a single concentric isokinetic action. You then recorded the EMG of this same muscle group using free weights during a single concentric action. Which of the figures best depicts the EMG tracing we would observe for this muscle during this lift?
M (increase > middle > decrease)
In our recent lab we did experiments related to several aspects of muscle performance including force, velocity, power, and muscle length. Which of the following figures best depicts the length-total tension curve?
M (upward slope, slight curve down. spikes back up at the end)
In lab we collected data related to force-velocity and power-velocity relationships. One such set of data is presented graphically below. Considering all labelled data points on this curve, which has the lowest potentnial for producing power?
N (isometric produces power)
In our recent lab we did experiments related to several aspects of muscle performance including force, velocity, power, and muscle length. Which of the following figures best depicts the length-active tension curve?
N (increase, small crooked plateau, decrease)
In lab we collected data related to force-velocity and power-velocity relationships. One such set of data is presented graphically below. Considering all Concentric data points on this curve, which likely has the greatest potentnial for producing power?
N (on velocity curve) 2nd/middle concentric point
In our recent lab we did experiments related to several aspects of muscle performance including force, velocity, power, and muscle length. Which of the following figures best depicts the passive length tension curve?
N (start low, upward exponential curve)
In our recent lab we did experiments related to several aspects of muscle performance including force, velocity, power, and muscle length. Which of the following figures best depicts the length-passive tension curve?
O (EXPONENTIAL, UPWARD CURVE)
In lab we collected data related to force-velocity and power-velocity relationships. One such set of data is presented graphically below. Which point on this curve would probably be associated with the greatest eccentric forces?
O (far left of eccentric side)
Which of the following torque curves best depicts the resistance during a single concentric bicep curl with a 20 lb weight?
O (horizontal line)
Which of the following EMG tracings best depicts the electrical activity when performing an isokinetic knee extension (best leverage around 135 )?
O (straight across)
In our recent lab we did experiments related to several aspects of muscle performance including force, velocity, power, and muscle length. Which of the following figures best depicts the force-velocity curve during concentric and eccentric actions?
P (eccentric higher > isometric at 0 > decrease for concentric)
In lab we collected data related to force-velocity and power-velocity relationships. One such set of data is presented graphically below. Which point on this curve would probably be associated with the highest concentric forces?
P (slope up of the curve)
In lab we collected data related to force-velocity and power-velocity relationships. One such set of data is presented graphically below. High speed resistance training would increase which concentric data point the most?
Q far (end) right (concentric side)
You are the instructor of an exercise physiology lab course. All students enrolled in your course have just performed a Wingate test. One of the subjects you tested was a 5'4", 145 pound male 400m runner on the track team (his 400m PR is 48.6 seconds). For this athlete, which Wingate variable would you expect to be highest compared to the rest of the class?
Relative Anaerobic Capacity
You are the instructor of an exercise physiology lab course. All students enrolled in your course have just performed a Wingate test. One of the subjects you tested was a150 pound female sprinter on the track team. She specializes in the 100m and 4x100m relay. Her best 100m time is 11.79 seconds. For this subject, which of the following Wingate test variables would be highest compared to other females in the class?
Relative Maximum Anaerobic Power
In lab we collected data related to force-velocity and power-velocity relationships. One such set of data is presented graphically below. Why does point Q have such a low value on this figure?
This is a power-velocity curve, and at that point velocity is zero, and since power = F x velocity, power would be zero
Which of the following would be associated with low PFK activity in the body?
a) an increase in citrate b) A decrease in ADP d) low intensity exercise e) An increase in ATP
Which of the following would produce the least torque? a) concentric knee extension 300 deg/sec b) they would all be about the same c) concentric knee extension 180 deg/sec d) concentric knee extension 30deg/sec
a) concentric knee extension 300 deg/sec
Which of the following would produce the greatest torque? a) concentric knee extension 30deg/sec b) concentric knee extension 300 deg/sec c) they would all be about the same d) concentric knee extension 180 deg/sec
a) concentric knee extension 30deg/sec
Which of the following hormones would increase gluconeogenesis in the liver? select all that apply
a) cortisol c) norepinephrine d) epinephrine f) glucagon
Which of the following would produce the greatest force? a.) eccentric bicep curl 30deg/sec b.) isometric bicep curl 0 deg/sec c.) they would all be about the same d.) concentric bicep curl 30 deg/sec
a) eccentric bicep curl 30deg/sec
Which of the following hormones would tend to stimulate lipolysis? select all that apply
a) epinephrine b) cortisol d) glucagon e) norepinephrine g) growth hormone
Which of the following hormones would tend to increase liver glycogenolysis?
a) epinephrine b) glucagon f) norepinephrine
which of the following is/are hormones that would tend to increase glycogenolysis?
a) epinephrine h) glucagon
Which of the following would increase muscle glucose uptake? select all that apply
a) insulin g) muscular activity/exercise
Which of the following would have the lowest EMG activity with a 20 pound weight at mid flexion (~90degrees)? a) isometric action with good overlap of actin and myosin b) they would all be about the same c) isometric action with poor overlap of actin and myosin d) concentric action with good overlap of actin and myosin
a) isometric action with good overlap of actin and myosin
Which of the following would have the least EMG activity when using a 15 lb weight? a) isometric action with high force arm:resistance arm ratio b) isometric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio c) concentric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio d) they would all be about the same
a) isometric action with high force arm:resistance arm ratio
Which of the following would produce the greatest force? a) knee extensors 30 degrees/second b) knee flexors 90 degrees/second c) knee flexors 30 degrees/second d) they would all be about the same
a) knee extensors 30 degrees/second
Which of the following would be associated with less glycolysis in the body?
a) low intensity exercise b) A decrease in ADP e) An increase in ATP i) an increase in citrate
The following figure depicts EMG and iEMG activity during dynamic bicep curls until the subject could not lift the weight anymore. They lifted the weight 17 times before they fatigued. Which of the following mechanism(s) are LEAST likely to be causing this fatigue, given this set of data? a) reduced excitability in motor areas of the cerebral cortex b) a decrease in pH in the muscle fibers c) an increase in Pi inside the muscle fibers d) PCr depletion e) failure to release enough calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
a) reduced excitability in motor areas of the cerebral cortex
The following image shows the EMG and iEMG activity of the biceps brachii during two muscle actions (X and Y). If one of these actions was in the supinated position and one was in the pronated position, which action is likely the pronated position?
action Y (eccentric action / second half)
During our "jumping" experiment we had our subject jump with or without a counter-movement, and we also had our subject perform some "drop jumps". We recorded EMG activity from the vastus lateralis and jump height during each. Here are some sample results from these experiments. What is a likely explanation for the decrease in jump height between the 0.25m and 0.5m drop jumps?
activation of golgi tendon organs, which may have decreased motor unit recruitment
During our "jumping" experiment we had our subject jump with or without a counter-movement, and we also had our subject perform some "drop jumps". We recorded EMG activity from the vastus lateralis and jump height during each. Here are some sample results from these experiments. What is a likely explanation for the increase in jump height between the 0.25m drop jump and 0.5m drop jump?
activation of muscle spindles, which may have helped to increase motor unit recruitment
During our "jumping" experiment we had our subject jump with or without a counter-movement, and we also had our subject perform some "drop jumps". We recorded EMG activity from the vastus lateralis and jump height during each. Here are some sample results from these experiments. What is a likely explanation for the increae in jump height between the counter movment and 0.25m drop jumps?
activation of muscle spindles, which may have increased motor unit recruitment
During our "jumping" experiment we had our subject jump with or without a counter-movement, and we also had our subject perform some "drop jumps". We recorded EMG activity from the vastus lateralis and jump height during each. Here are some sample results from these experiments. What is a likely explanation for the increase in jump height between the counter movement jump and the 0.25m drop jump?
activation of muscle spindles, which may have increased motor unit recruitment
The following figure depicts EMG and iEMG activity during dynamic bicep curls until the subject could not lift the weight anymore. They lifted the weight 17 times before they fatigued. Which of the following mechanism(s) are most likely to be contributing this fatigue, given this set of data? (peripheral)
an increase in Pi inside the muscle fibers
___________________________________ is a strategy the nervous system employs to reduce the likelihood of fatigue by alternating which motor units are being used.
asyncrhonous motor unit recruitment
In lab we collected data related to force-velocity and power-velocity relationships. One such set of data is presented graphically below. Why does point L have a low value on this figure?
at that point velocity is low so power is low; power = force x velocity (L is on upward slope of concentric side)
You are working with a 26 year old young woman who walks somewhat regularly (especially from class to class) but reports no other regularly physical activity. She weighs 140 pounds, is 5 feet 7 inches tall, has an estimated VO2max of 27.5 ml/kg*min, a waist to hip ratio of .82, is 30 percent body fat as determined by electrical impedance and is 34 percent body fat based on skinfold measurements. Select the statements below that best reflect her weight status (healthy weight, overweight, obese, or underweight), her health related fitness status (unfit, average fitness, above average fitness) and health risk.
b) based on all available information I would classify this subject as normal weight, but overfat c) she has a healthy body weight based on her BMI f) she is of below average fitness based on her VO2max and percent body fat g) she has average health risk based on her BMI and WHR
Which of the following would produce the least force? a) isometric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio b) concentric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio c) isometric action with high force arm:resistance arm ratio d) they would all be about the same
b) concentric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio
Which of the following would produce the least force? a.) concentric bicep curl 30 deg /sec b.) concentric bicep curl 300 deg /sec c.) they would all be about the same d.) concentric bicep curl 180 deg /sec
b) concentric bicep curl 300 deg /sec
Which of the following would have the greatest EMG activity? a. eccentric bicep curl 30deg/sec b. concentric bicep curl 30deg/sec c. they would all be about the same d. isometric bicep curl 0 deg/ec
b) concentric bicep curl 30deg/sec
Which of the following would have the lowest iEMG integral when using a 15 lb weight? a.) concentric bicep curl with forearm pronated moving at 90 degrees per second b.) eccentric bicep curl with forearm pronated moving at 90 degrees per second c.) eccentric bicep curl with forearm supinated moving at 30 degrees per second d.) they would all be about the same
b) eccentric bicep curl with forearm pronated moving at 90 degrees per second
which of the following is/are hormones that would tend to increase muscle glycogen breakdown?
b) glucagon e) epinephrine
Which of the following would be associated with high PFK activity in the body?
b) increased recruitment of IIX muscle fibers e) a decrease in ATP g) a decrease in citrate k) An increase in ADP
Which of the following would produce the greatest force? a) they would all be about the same b) isometric action with high force arm:resistance arm ratio c) isometric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio d) concentric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio
b) isometric action with high force arm:resistance arm ratio
Considering pennate muscles and parallel muscles, which of the following is/are NOT true? A.) three of the answers are NOT true B.) longer fibers are associated with better potential for producing force C.) Parallel arrangements are generally associated with longer muscle fibers than pennate arrangments D.) pennate arrangements allow for greater force production/strength compared to parallel arrangements E.) pennate arrrangements would increase the physiological cross sectional area compared to parallel muscles
b) longer fibers are associated with better potential for producing force
Which of the following hormones would tend to increase liver glycogenolysis? a) insulin b) norepinephrine c) glucagon d) epinephrine e) glycogen f) cortisol
b) norepinephrine c) glucagon d) epinephrine
Which of the following would require the most EMG activity? a) isokinetic knee extension mid-extension (125-135 deg) b) they would all be about the same c) isokinetic knee extension full extension (170-180deg) d) isokinetic knee extension early extension (90-100deg)
b) they would all be about the same
During our "jumping" experiment we had our subject jump with or without a counter-movement, and we also had our subject perform some "drop jumps". We recorded EMG activity from the vastus lateralis and jump height during each. Here are some sample results from these experiments. What is a likely explanation for the increase in jump height between the 0.25m drop jump and the counter movment jump?
better use of elastic energy return from proteins like elastin and titin
During our "jumping" experiment we had our subject jump with or without a counter-movement, and we also had our subject perform some "drop jumps". We recorded EMG activity from the vastus lateralis and jump height during each. Here are some sample results from these experiments. What is a likely explanation for the increae in jump height between the no counter movment and counter movment jumps?
better use of energy return from elastic proteins like elastin and titin
During our "jumping" experiment we had our subject jump with or without a counter-movement, and we also had our subject perform some "drop jumps". We recorded EMG activity from the vastus lateralis and jump height during each. Here are some sample results from these experiments. What is a likely explanation for the increase in jump height between the counter movement and 0.25m drop jump?
better use of energy return from proteins like elastin and titin
During our "jumping" experiment we had our subject jump with or without a counter-movement, and we also had our subject perform some "drop jumps". We recorded EMG activity from the vastus lateralis and jump height during each. Here are some sample results from these experiments. What is a likely explanation for the increase in jump height between the counter movement jump and the no-counter movment jump?
better use of the elastic components of the muscle
The following image depicts the EMG and iEMG activity during a concentric and eccentric bicep curl. Approximate joint angles are also provided. Based on what you learned in lab this week, you can likely tell which portion is concentric and which is eccentric. Click on the joint angle, during the concentric phase, where this subject likely has their best the leverage:
bottom right
Which of the following would produce the least force? a.) concentric bicep curl 30 deg /sec b.) concentric bicep curl 180 deg /sec c.) concentric bicep curl 300 deg /sec d) they would all be about the same
c) concentric bicep curl 300 deg /sec
Which of the following would produce the least force? a) isometric bicep curl 0 deg/ec b) eccentric bicep curl 30deg/sec c) concentric bicep curl 30deg/sec d) they would all be about the same
c) concentric bicep curl 30deg/sec
Which of the following would require the most motor unit recruitment when using a 15 lb weight? a) eccentric bicep curl with forearm pronated moving at 30 degrees per second b) concentric bicep curl with forearm pronated moving at 30 degrees per second c) concentric bicep curl with forearm supinated moving at 30 degrees per second d) they would all be about the same
c) concentric bicep curl with forearm supinated moving at 30 degrees per second
Which of the following would produce the least torque? a) they would all be about the same b.) concentric knee extension 180 deg/sec c.) concentric knee extension 300 deg/sec d.) concentric knee extension 30deg/sec
c) conenctric knee extension 300 deg/sec
Which of the following would have the lowest EMG integral with a 15 lb weight? a) isometric bicep curl 0 deg/sec b) they would all be about the same c) eccentric bicep curl 30deg/sec d) concentric bicep curl 30 deg/sec
c) eccentric bicep curl 30deg/sec
Which of the following would produce the most torque? a.) they would all be about the same b.) isokinetic knee extension early extension (90-100deg) c.) isokinetic knee extension mid-extension (125-135 deg) d.) isokinetic knee extension full extension (170-180deg)
c) isokinetic knee extension mid-extension (125-135 deg)
Which of the following would have the least EMG integral with a 20 pound weight? a) they would all be about the same b) isometric action with poor leverage c) isometric action with good leverage d) concentric action with poor leverage
c) isometric action with good leverage
Which of the following changes would cause the smallest increase in Torque? a) knee extensors going from 300 deg/sec to 30 deg/sec b) knee flexors going from 30 deg/sec to 300 deg/sec c) knee flexors going from 300 deg/sec to 30 deg/sec d) they would all be about the same
c) knee flexors going from 300 deg/sec to 30 deg/sec
The following figure depicts EMG and iEMG activity during dynamic bicep curls until the subject could not lift the weight anymore. They lifted the weight 17 times before they fatigued. Which of the following mechanism(s) are LEAST likely to be contributing this fatigue, given this set of data? (central fatigue) a) inhibited recruitment of motor units b) insufficient acetylcholine release at the neuromuscular junction c) reduced calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum d) reduced excitability in motor areas of the cerebral cortex e) high serotonin levels in parts of the brain
c) reduced calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following would are all parts of taking an anterior thigh skinfold measurement a) let the calipers settle for 15-20 seconds before recording your measurement b) pull up and create the fold by pinching just enough skin and fat to take a measurement c) the calipers should be halfway between the base and peak of he fold d) the calipers should be placed 1cm away from your fingers e) It is taken halfway between the hip and the knee on the right side of the body f) pull up and create the fold by pinching everything that is not muscle g) It is taken halfway between the hip and the knee on either side of the body
c) the calipers should be halfway between the base and peak of he fold d) the calipers should be placed 1cm away from your fingers e) It is taken halfway between the hip and the knee on the right side of the body f) pull up and create the fold by pinching everything that is not muscle
Which of the following would be associated with low PFK activity in the body?
d) An increase in ATP e) low intensity exercise h) A decrease in ADP j) an increase in citrate
Which of the following would produce the greatest torque? a) concentric knee extension 300 deg/sec b) concentric knee extension 180 deg/sec c) they would all be about the same d) concentric knee extension 30deg/sec
d) concentric knee extension 30deg/sec
Which of the following would have the lowest EMG integral with a 15 lb weight? a) concentric bicep curl 30 deg/sec b) they would all be about the same c) isometric bicep curl 0 deg/sec d) eccentric bicep curl 30deg/sec
d) eccentric bicep curl 30deg/sec
Which of the following would require the least amount of motor unit recruitment with a 15 lb weight? a.) they would all be about the same b.) isometric bicep curl 0 deg/sec c.) concentric bicep curl 30 deg/sec d.) eccentric bicep curl 30deg/sec
d) eccentric bicep curl 30deg/sec
Which of the following would produce the least torque? a.) eccentric knee extension 60 deg/sec b.) eccentric knee extension 90 deg/sec c.) they would all be about the same d) eccentric knee extension 30deg/sec
d) eccentric knee extension 30 deg/sec
Which of the following would produce the least torque? a) they would all be about the same b) eccentric knee extension 60 deg/sec c) eccentric knee extension 90 deg/sec d) eccentric knee extension 30deg/sec
d) eccentric knee extension 30deg/sec
Which of the following would have the least EMG integral with a 20 pound weight? a) they would all be about the same b) concentric action with poor leverage c) isometric action with poor leverage d) isometric action with good leverage
d) isometric action with good leverage
Which of the following would have the lowest EMG activity with a 20 pound weight at mid flexion (~90degrees)? a) isometric action with poor overlap of actin and myosin b) they would all be about the same c) concentric action with good overlap of actin and myosin d) isometric action with good overlap of actin and myosin
d) isometric action with good overlap of actin and myosin
Which of the following would require the least number of motor units to be recruited when using a 15 lb weight? a) concentric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio b) they would all be about the same c) isometric action with low force arm:resistance arm ratio d) isometric action with high force arm:resistance arm ratio
d) isometric action with high force arm:resistance arm ratio
Which of the following changes would cause the biggest decrease in Torque using concentric actions? a) knee flexors going from 30 deg/sec to 300 deg/sec b) knee extensors going from 300 deg/sec to 30 deg/sec c) they would all be about the same d) knee extensors going from 30 deg/sec to 300 deg/sec
d) knee extensors going from 30 deg/sec to 300 deg/sec
Which of the following changes would cause the biggest increase in Torque? a) knee extensors going from 30 deg/sec to 300 deg/sec b) knee flexors going from 300 deg/sec to 30 deg/sec c) they would all be about the same d) knee extensors going from 300 deg/sec to 30 deg/sec
d) knee extensors going from 300 deg/sec to 30 deg/sec
The following figure depicts EMG and iEMG activity during dynamic bicep curls until the subject could not lift the weight anymore. They lifted the weight 17 times before they fatigued. Which of the following mechanism(s) are most llikely to be contributing this fatigue, given this set of data? (central) a) an increase in Pi inside the muscle fibers b) PCr depletion c) failure to release enough calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum d) reduced excitability in motor areas of the cerebral cortex e) a decrease in pH in the muscle fibers
d) reduced excitability in motor areas of the cerebral cortex
central fatigue
decrease in EMG activity
Which image shows the appropriate iEMG activity for Dynamic and Isokinetic activities? The dynamic activity was conducted while knee extending a load at 50% of maximal.
dynamic (valley) isometric (block)
Which of the following hormones would inhibit muslce protein breakdown? select all that apply
e) insulin f) growth hormone
The following figure depicts EMG and iEMG activity during dynamic bicep curls until the subject could not lift the weight anymore. They lifted the weight 17 times before they fatigued. Which of the following mechanism(s) are most llikely to be contributing this fatigue, given this set of data? a.) failure to release enough calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum b.) PCr depletion c.) a decrease in pH in the muscle fibers d.) an increase in Pi inside the muscle fibers e.) inhibition of motor unit recruitment due to information from Group III and IV afferents
e.) inhibition of motor unit recruitment due to information from Group III and IV afferents
Which of the following would have the lowest iEMG integral when using a 15 lb weight? a.) they would all be about the same b.) eccentric bicep curl with forearm pronated moving at 60 degrees per second c.) eccentric bicep curl with forearm supinated moving at 10 degrees per second d.)concentric bicep curl with forearm pronated moving at 30 degrees per second
eccentric bicep curl with forearm pronated moving at 60 degrees per second
The following figure depicts EMG and iEMG activity during dynamic bicep curls until the subject could not lift the weight anymore. They lifted the weight 17 times before they fatigued. Which of the following mechanism(s) are LEAST likely to be causing this fatigue, given this set of data? (peripheral)
failure to release enough acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction
torque is equivalent to
force
If you were performing a hold relax with agonist contraction PNF procedure to try to improve gastrocnemius flexibility, which of the following muscles/muscle groups would we contract as during the first phase of this procedure?
gastrocnemius
The following figure depicts EMG and iEMG activity during dynamic bicep curls until the subject could not lift the weight anymore. They lifted the weight 17 times before they fatigued. Which of the following mechanism(s) are LEAST likely to be causing this fatigue, given this set of data?
glycogen depletion
The following figure depicts EMG and iEMG activity during dynamic bicep curls until the subject could not lift the weight anymore. They lifted the weight 17 times before they fatigued. Which of the following mechanism(s) are LEAST likely to be causing this fatigue, given this set of data? (peripheral > increasing)
glycogen depletion
Which of the following is an enzyme that promotes glycogenesis?
glycogen synthase
Which of the following is an enzyme that promotes storage of glucose?
glycogen synthase
which of the following is/are enzymes that would tend to increase glycogenesis?
glycogen synthase
During the hold relax PNF procedure, which of the following types of receptors is theoretically being used to help us improve range of motion?
golgi tendon organs
If you were performing a hold relax PNF procedure to try to improve hamstring flexibility, which of the following muscles/muscle groups would we contract as a part of this procedure?
hamstrings
activating a muscle
highest EMG for that particular muscle (agonist)
Which of the following enzymes would tend to increase circulating fatty acids?
hormone sensative lipase
Which of the following enzymes would tend to increase triglyceride breakdown in adipose tissue?
hormone sensative lipase
A version of this figure can be found in your textbook and is taken from a classic study by Romjin et al (Am J Physiology, 1993). It depicts different sources of fuel used to support muscular activity at different intensities. Please match the major sources of fuel with the correct shaded ares on the figure.(Note: you do not need to memorize this figure - think about what fuels are used preferentially in these different intensity ranges. )
i) muscle glycogen ii) muscle triglycerides iii) plasma free fatty acids iv) plasma glucose
In lab VI we used a three site skinfold protocol and calculation to determine percent body fat. On female subjects we tested anterior thigh, triceps, and one other location. On the figure below, click where we took our third skinfold measurement.
iliopsoas, bottom left of hip
The following figure depicts EMG and iEMG activity during dynamic bicep curls until the subject could not lift the weight anymore. They lifted the weight 17 times before they fatigued. Which of the following mechanism(s) are most llikely to be contributing this fatigue, given this set of data?
inhibition of motor unit recruitment due to information from Group III and IV afferents
Which of the following hormones would be unlikely to increase blood glucose? select all that apply
insulin
Which of the following hormones would increase glycogen storage in the muscle? select all that apply
insulin
Which of the following hormones would increase glycogenesis? select all that apply
insulin
Which of the following hormones would tend to inhibit hepatic and muscle glycogenolysis? select all that apply
insulin
Which of the following hormones would tend to inhibit hepatic glucose output? select all that apply
insulin
which of the following is/are hormones that would tend to increase glycogenesis?
insulin
When using the hold-relax with agonist contraction procedure to try to increase the stretch of a muscle we make use of which of the following reflex phenomena?
inverse stretch reflex and reciprocal inhibition
If the weather report (or your sling psychrometer) say that the wet bulb temperature was 56F and the dry bulb temperature was 67F, and your subject's core temperature was 37.1C, and their skin temperature was 33.2. Which of the following are true about the humidity under these circumstances?
it is neither very humid, nor very dry
If the weather report (or your sling psychrometer) say that the wet bulb temperature was 68F and the dry bulb temperature was 80F, and your subject's core temperature was 37.4C, and their skin temperature was 35.2. Which of the following are true about the humidity under these circumstances?
it is neither very humid, nor very dry
If the weather report (or your sling psychrometer) say that the wet bulb temperature was 65F and the dry bulb temperature was 67F, and your subject's core temperature was 37.1C, and their skin temperature was 36.2. Which of the following are true about the humidity under these circumstances?
it is very humid
If the weather report (or your sling psychrometer) say that the wet bulb temperature was 74F and the dry bulb temperature was 75F. The temperature in the lab was 22C (75F), the subject's core temperature was 37.1C, and their skin temperature was 34.4. Which of the following are true about the humidity under these circumstances
it is very humid
If the weather report (or your sling psychrometer) say that the wet bulb temperature was 74F and the dry bulb temperature was 75F. The temperature in the lab was 22C (75F), the subject's core temperature was 37.1C, and their skin temperature was 34.4. Which of the following are true about the humidity under these circumstances?
it is very humid
isolating a muscle
least electrical activity in the other muscle (antagonist)
Which of the following enzymes would tend to increase fatty acid uptake by adipose tissue?
lipoprotein lipase
Which of the following enzymes would tend to increase storage of fatty acids as triglycerides in adipose tissue?
lipoprotein lipase
The following figure depicts EMG and iEMG activity during dynamic bicep curls until the subject could not lift the weight anymore. They lifted the weight 17 times before they fatigued. Which of the following mechanism(s) are most llikely to be contributing this fatigue, given this set of data? (central)
low dopamine levels in motor areas of the brain
The following figure depicts EMG and iEMG activity during dynamic bicep curls until the subject could not lift the weight anymore. They lifted the weight 17 times before they fatigued. Which of the following mechanism(s) are LEAST likely to be contributing this fatigue, given this set of data? (central fatigue)
low pH inhibiting PFK, which would reduce ATP production
If we observed an increase in EMG amplitude when our subject lifted a heavier weight, this would be evidence of what type of summation?
multiple motor unit summation
___________________________________ is when more motor units are recruited in order to produce more force.
multiple motor unit summation
During the second phase of the hold relax with agonist contraction PNF procedure, which of the following types of receptors is theoretically being used to help us improve range of motion?
muscle spindles
During the course of the entire hold relax with agonist contraction PNF procedure, which of the following types of receptors is theoretically being used to help us improve range of motion?
muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs
Which of the following is an enzyme that promotes breakdown of gluucose to pyruvate?
phosphofructokinase
Which of the following is an enzyme that promotes breakdown of glycogen?
phosphorylase
Which of the following is an enzyme that promotes glylcogenolysis?
phosphorylase
which of the following is/are enzymes that would tend to increase the rate of glycogen breakdown?
phosphorylase
What does PNF stand for?
proprioreceptive neuromuscular facilitation
If you were performing a hold relax with agonist contraction PNF procedure to try to improve hamstring flexibility, which of the following muscles/muscle groups would we contract during the second phase of this procedure?
quadriceps femoris
The difference between the upper (red) EMG tracing and the lower (green) iEMG tacing is that the lower tracing has been ________________________.
rectified
peripheral fatigue
same or increase in EMG activity
___________________________________ is related to the orderly recruitment of motor units from lowest threshold to highest threshold
size principle
___________________________________ is related to the orderly recruitment of motor units from smallest to largest
size principle
If motor units are stimulated frequently enough we will observe no relaxation between twitches, this is called ____________________________
tetanus
During our "jumping" experiment we had our subject jump with or without a counter-movement, and we also had our subject perform some "drop jumps". We recorded EMG activity from the vastus lateralis and jump height during each. Here are some sample results from these experiments. What is a likely explanation for the increase in jump height between the counter movement jump and the no-counter movment jump?
the initiation of a stretch reflex
In lab we collected data related to force-velocity and power-velocity relationships. One such set of data is presented graphically below. How would a muscle with more FT fibers compare to this subject at point Q? (Q is at the peak of concentric)
the subject with more fast twitch fibers would have higher values
If the weather report (or your sling psychrometer) say that the wet bulb temperature was 53F and the dry bulb temperature was 80F, and your subject's core temperature was 37.4C, and their skin temperature was 34.2. Which of the following are true about the humidity under these circumstances?
there is low humidity
Which of the following hormones would increase gluconeogenesis in adipose tissue? select all that apply
this process doesn't occur in this tissue
Which of the following hormones would increase glycogenolysis in adipose tissue? select all that apply
this process doesn't occur in this tissue
What is the goal of hold relax and hold relax with agonist contraction PNF procedures if you were trying to improve hamstring flexibility? select the single best answer
to inhibit hamstring muscle contraction so that the muscle cna be stretched further
If we were using fine wire EMG and observed an increase in EMG frequency when our subject produced more force, this would be evidence of what type of summation?
twitch summation
In lab VI we used a three site skinfold protocol and calculation to determine percent body fat. On male subjects we tested pectoral, anterior thigh, and one other location. On the figure below, click where we took our third skinfold measurement.
umbilical, left side of belly button
Which of the following is/are NOT true about the effects of training on fuel substrate choice?
untrained subjects would tend to have more fat stores, and this is the main reason that untrained subjects rely more on fats than trained subjects
