EXSC 563 Final
How many more direct care workers will be needed by 2018 to care for those with dementia?
1,000,000
An older adult who can't hold the tandem stance for at least ____ seconds is at increased risk of falling.
10 seconds
How many acupuncture points are there on the body?
1000 to 2000
An older adult is at a high risk for falling if it takes them ≥ how many seconds to complete the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test?
12 seconds
According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part 1," what percentage of people 65 years of age and over have no chronic health conditions?
16%
According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part I," how may days/week do the NIA guidelines say an older adult should perform strength training?
2 days/week
According to the "Masters Athlete" article, older patients should perform balance and coordination activities for how many minutes/day and how many days each week?
20-30 minutes/day and at least 2 days/week
According to the "Immune-inflammatory responses in the elderly" article, the mortality rate increases rapidly in persons over 60 years old vs. those aged 25-44. What is the increase rate?
25 times more rapidly
According to the "Masters Athlete" article, a person can maintain their peak endurance performance until approximately what age?
35 years
What percentage of individuals age 65 years and older in the United States in 2010 were obese?
38%
According to the "Masters Athlete" article, a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) should be routine for male masters athletes past what age?
40 years
Alzheimer's disease is the ______ leading cause of death among adults over 65 years old. Select the correct answer from below.
5th
During the first 8 minutes of the Part I lecture on Alzheimer's disease, approximately how many more people in the United States just developed this disease?
8
You are a gerontologist working at an assisted-living facility. A patient of yours, Esther, often suffers from dehydration. According to MyPlate, how many servings of fluid should an older adult have per day?
8
According to the ACSM article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, how much weight do sedentary Americans typically gain between the ages of 18 and 55?
8-9 kg
According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part 1," at what age do sedentary people tend to reach the critcal physical or physiological fitness threshhold?
80
According to the CDC post, "Shingles Vaccination," how effective is Shingrix?
90%
What is a below average score for an 83 year old woman who performs the 30-second Chair Stand test?
< 9
According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part II," which type of exercise training would you use to improve muscular strength in your client?
A high-resistance and low-repetition exercise program
According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part II," which type of exercise training would you use to improve muscular endurance in your client?
A low-resistance and high-repetition exercise program
Miriam is 67 years old and in good health. Based on what you know about the general needs of the various gerontological age categories, which of the following is most likely to be a need that Miriam experiences now?
A program at a senior center to help her define her life role after retirement
Which of the following is the best definition of health, according to the World Health Organization?
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
You are a nurse, and an older patient of yours, Mary, has just mentioned to you that she has begun taking herbal supplements to help improve her health. Which of the following recommendations would you give Mary regarding her use of herbs? Select all that apply.
A. Be aware that you may experience nausea and vomiting as a side effect. C. Be aware that some herbal supplements can interact with prescription medications. D. Be sure to mention your herb use to your physician.
As a dietitian, you are providing instruction regarding a healthy diet to an older patient with a visual impairment in a long-term care facility. Which of the following approaches should you take with this patient? Select all that apply.
A. Do not stand in front of a window during the presentation. B. Face the patient when speaking. D. Use audio resources and braille materials.
As a nurse at a hospital, you are instructing an older patient with rheumatoid arthritis regarding her prescribed use of prednisone. Which of the following should you tell this patient regarding this medication? Select all that apply.
A. "Side effects include nausea, gastric distress, and ulcers." C. "Do not discontinue taking this medication abruptly; you must taper off gradually." D. "There is an increased incidence of osteoporosis when taking this medication."
As a new nurse working in an independent living facility for older adults, you have been shocked at the number of residents who struggle with alcoholism. Which of the following are risk factors for this disease that you should keep in mind as you serve this population? Select all that apply.
A. Boredom C. Financial difficulties E. Loss of health
You are explaining the process of mechanical digestion to your classmate. Which of the following should you give as examples of this process? Select all that apply.
A. Chewing movements in the mouth B. Rhythmic contractions and relaxation in segments of the small intestine C. Churning movements in the stomach
At the nursing care facility where you work, several falls have occurred among residents in recent weeks. Which of the following are extrinsic factors related to falls that you should be aware of to aid in their prevention? Select all that apply.
A. Commode height C. Lighting in hallways E. Placement of furniture in residents' rooms
Which of the following are symptoms that older adults with pneumonia commonly exhibit that are different from those exhibited by younger persons with pneumonia? Select all that apply.
A. Confusion C. Lethargy D. Weakness
Which of the following are age-related changes in the epidermis? Select all that apply.
A. Decreased moisture B. Decreased rate of cell turnover E. Decreased thickness
You are working as a physician's assistant at a long-term care facility with an older patient named Juanita, who has just begun taking antihypertensive medication. Which of the following are risks associated with taking antihypertensives that you should warn Juanita about? Select all that apply.
A. Dehydration B. Dizziness C. Orthostatic hypotension
Which of the following are Peck's tasks for older age? Select all that apply.
A. Ego transcendence vs. ego preoccupation B. Ego differentiation vs. work role preoccupation
Which of the following are significant risk factors for type 2 diabetes? Select all that apply.
A. Genetics D. Lack of exercise E. Obesity
You are explaining the functions of the brain to a friend. Which of the following should you mention? Select all that apply.
A. Initiates all voluntary acts C. Acts as the locus of emotions and drives D. Integrates and regulates body activities E. Serves as the center for sensation and consciousness
Which of the following hormones secreted by the pituitary gland are produced by both sexes and necessary for the normal development and functioning of the gonads? Select all that apply.
A. Luteinizing hormone C. Follicle-stimulating hormone
Which of the following are examples of anatomical barriers to substances invading the body, the first and most basic line of defense? Select all that apply.
A. Mucous membranes B. Skin
You are explaining the various functions of the skin to a friend. Which of the following should you mention? Select all that apply.
A. Protection of underlying tissues and structures C. Temperature regulation D. Barrier against harmful bacteria E. Formation of vitamin D in sunlight
Your great-grandmother, Harriet, has difficulty swallowing her food (dysphagia). Which of the following conditions that Harriet has would tend to cause dysphagia? Select all that apply.
A. Recent stroke C. Weakened muscles of the esophagus D. Loss of teeth
As a gerontologist working in a local hospital, you are caring for a patient who has developed a bunion on her big toe. Which of the following are proper interventions for you to make? Select all that apply.
A. Refer the patient to a podiatrist B. Apply padding to the foot to reduce friction over the area E. Inspect the patient's shoes to make sure they fit properly
Which of the following are age-related changes in the respiratory system? Select all that apply.
A. The vocal cords thin, producing a higher pitch in voice. D. Lungs decrease in size and elasticity. E. Alveoli enlarge, decreasing surface area available for gas exchange
According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part II," which of the following is an example of applying the overload principle to your client?
Adjusting the duration of the exercise
According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part I," which type of exercise training would you recommend if your client is concerned about their ability to do light housekeeping?
Aerobic endurance training
Alzheimer's disease is more prevalent in which population?
African American
According to the Functional Health & Frailty online lecture, which ethnicity group has the higher prevalence of frailty?
African Americans
When Pap smears have been consistently normal, when may they be discontinued?
After age 70
What is the qualifier for participation in Masters sport?
Age
According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part II," what would be an example of ways to alter the level of challenge?
All are correct
Which of the following would be examples of common caregiving responsibilities?
All of the provided answers
What is the average length of time a person with dementia needs care?
Almost 5 years
Proper nutrition is critical for older adults. Four of the 10 leading causes of death in the US can be linked to poor dietary habits. Which is NOT one of those four causes of death?
Alzheimer's disease
The most prevalent primary dementia is which of the following?
Alzheimer's disease
A resident at the assisted living facility where you work, Barbara, bruises easily and, when wounded, has a hard time stopping the bleeding. Which of the following medications that Barbara is currently taking would most likely cause these adverse effects?
Antiplatelet agent
According to the ACSM Article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, physical activity is:
Any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles and that increases energy expenditure
As a hospice nurse, you are caring for an older man who has just lost his wife of 50 years. Which of the following approaches should you take with this person?
Assist the individual in understanding that the grieving process is a normal response to loss.
You are preparing written educational material on the many benefits of exercise. What reading level should you use for the general population?
At or below the fifth-grade reading level
Your parents are providing care for your grandfather who has Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following is NOT a suggested guideline for providing good care?
Avoid direct eye contact
You are a nutritionist who is counseling a patient who has recently developed gastric ulcers. Which of the following recommendations would you give this patient? Select all that apply.
B. Avoid meat extracts D. Avoid coffee E. Reduce stress
As a nurse, you are providing hospital discharge instructions to an older adult, Lou, who is illiterate. Which of the following strategies should you use with Lou? Select all that apply.
B. Encourage the person to repeat back the information. C. Use audiovisuals. E. Offer only limited necessary information in short words and sentences.
During the process of glomerular filtration, which of the following substances are able to pass through the glomerulus into the glomerular capsule and renal tubule? Select all that apply.
B. Nitrogenous wastes C. Glucose D. Water
Which of the following are risk factors for poor nutrition? Select all that apply.
B. Tooth problems C. Poverty E. Chronic medication use
Which instruction/direction is NOT correct with regards to the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test?
Begin timing at the first sign of movement from the client
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding ovarian cancer?
Biopsy and blood tests can be used to diagnose ovarian cancer
When you visit your grandmother, she often describes her own and her friends' health problems to you in great detail. Which of Peck's tasks of middle or older age best relates to this behavior?
Body transendence vs. body preoccupation
A patient of yours, Hector, has recently been found to be anorexic. Which of the following recommendations would you, as a dietician, make to Hector to address his condition? Select all that apply.
C. Eat in a pleasant environment D. Eat higher-calorie foods E. Eat when you are hungry, regardless of the time
You are a gerontologist teaching a group of residents at an assisted living center on lifestyle factors that contribute to digestive problems in older adults. Which of the following should you mention? Select all that apply.
C. Poor dietary choices D. Excessive straining when defecating E. Lack of exercise
Your Aunt Angela, who is in her mid-60s, has stopped wearing her reading glasses when working at her computer recently. When you ask her about it, she says, "I don't need them anymore, apparently! I can see things up close now without any problem." Which of the following age-related vision disorders could best explain the phenomenon Aunt Angela is experiencing?
Cataracts
What is likely a key underlying mechanism that contributes both directly and indirectly to frailty?
Chronic inflammation
As a social worker, one of your clients exhibits symptoms of fatty deposits around the face (moon face) and a trunk with thick arms and legs. As you talk with her, she confides in you that she has been experiencing sleep disturbances, weight gain, and water retention lately. Which condition would you most suspect in this client?
Cushing's syndrome
What is dementia?
Decline in mental ability that interferes with daily life
Your grandfather, who is 79 years old, has gradually begun having trouble hearing people when speak when they speak to him, especially women. Based on your knowledge of age-related changes in hearing, which of the following is most likely the underlying cause of this change?
Degeneration of the spiral organ of Corti
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding "dementia" according to Part I of the lecture series?
Dementia is a specific disease
As a physician's assistant working in a local hospital, you have been caring for an older patient, Marvin, who has end-stage emphysema. Marvin's pulmonologist has indicated that he likely has only 6 months to live. Marvin is stunned by the news at first, but later says that he's not sure he trusts the doctor's prognosis and says he will get a second opinion. Which of Ku bler-Ross' stages of grief is Marvin most likely in?
Denial
Your grandmother, Lois, who lives with you has recently begun to complain of being hungry and thirsty all the time. You notice that she goes to the bathroom a lot and that she has lost quite a bit of weight. Based on her symptoms, what endocrine system disorder would you most suspect in your grandmother?
Diabetes mellitus
According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part 1," how does the disablement process model define disability?
Difficulty or inability to perform complex activities in various dimensions of life
The process by which drugs in the bloodstream are sent to various parts of the body is called which of the following?
Distribution
Urolithiasis is common in your family. Which of the following is NOT a general prevention method?
Eat more foods that are high in oxalate
Which intervention modality has most consistently shown to be beneficial in treating frailty?
Exercise
Which of the following are risk factors for cancer of the prostate? Select all that apply.
Family history of prostate cancer Diet high in fats Diet low in fiber African American ethnicity
Which of the following nutritional recommendations is incorrect for older adults?
Fats should be 10 -15% of total calories
According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part I," which type of exercise training would you recommend if your client is struggling to look over their shoulder while backing the car out of the drive?
Flexibility training
You are working with an older patient, Daniel, who was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and has a moderately elevated blood glucose level. Which of the following courses of treatment do you anticipate for Daniel?
Focus on diet and exercise
You are a health educator at a local senior center preparing to teach a class on how to prevent drug-food interactions. Which of the following recommendations would NOT be good advice to give to those in attendance?
For those who have trouble swallowing pills, try to take the medication with juice, soft drinks or coffee/tea.
According to the lecture, "Functional Health and Frailty," which of the following statements is NOT true with regards to frailty?
Frailty is only influenced by biological, psychological and clinical factors
According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part II," the selection of exercises that simulate movements from everyday activities performed in practice environments that are similar to those regularly encountered by your clients embodies which exercise principle?
Functional relevance
You are a dietician working in a long-term care facility. You find that one of your residents has a deficiency of vitamin K, which is important for blood clotting. Which of the following foods would you recommend to this resident to boost vitamin K intake?
Green leafy vegetables
This term describes the intrapersonal process that involves reactions, thoughts, feelings and behaviors to a loss. What is the correct term?
Grief
According to the "Postural Control Strategies" lecture, muscle synergies are:
Groups of muscles constrained to work together to produce movement
According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part II," which of the following is an example of applying the functional relevance principle?
Have your client practice walking on a variety of surfaces
According to the CDC post, "Shingles Vaccination," who should get the Shingrix vaccine?
Healthy adults 50 years and older
Why did Maria Shriver get involved in searching for a cure for Alzheimer's disease?
Her dad was diagnosed with the disease in 2003.
According to the article: "Nutrition and Healthy Aging," which of the following is inversely associated with frailty risk?
Higher protein and monounsaturated fatty acid intake
Which of the following statements is NOT true with regards to homeostatic failure?
Homeostatic failure involves hyporesponsiveness in multiple glands with aging.
According to the lecture, "Functional Health and Frailty," what are two good words to use for the whisper test?
Hot dog and railroad
Age-related endocrine pathologies are classified by their glandular activity. Which of the following classifications is NOT correct?
Hyper-reponsiveness of various glands
You are monitoring your hospitalized older adult patient. The past 24 hours she has been unusually lethargic and apathetic. Which category of delirium does this suggest?
Hypoactive delirium
What is secondary prevention?
Identifying unrecognized health problems in the early stages by using screenings and assessments.
According to the "Masters Athlete" article, when does the decline in muscle performance begin?
In the early-to-late 30s
According to the "Masters Athlete" article, which of the following rehabilitation therapies would you NOT recommend to your masters athlete following a musculoskeletal injury?
Inactivity for several days to aid the recovery process
You are a gerontologist providing the residents of an assisted living facility with nutritional guidelines on the prevention of colon cancer. Select all guidelines that apply:
Increase fruit and vegetable intake Limit red meat Get the majority of carbohydrates from whole grains
According to the article, "Benefits of Exercise in the Elderly," which of the following is NOT a vasculature change due to the aging process?
Increase in myocyte loss
Which of the following is NOT one of the Healthy People 2020 objectives for older adults?
Increase the number of screenings that can be performed without a deductible or copay
According to the "Immune-inflammatory responses in the elderly" article, which of the following is implicated in the development of age-related inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes and Alzheimer's?
Inflamm-ageing
Which statement is NOT true with regards to vascular dementia?
It is more common in women than in men
There is a consensus for what constitutes frailty even though no single definition has been agreed upon. Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding frailty?
It is not reversible
According to the "Balance and Mobility Terminology" lecture, which statement below is NOT true regarding the center of mass?
It's typically above the navel just below the waist
With the aging process we see several functional changes in the kidneys. Which of the following is a result of the decline in glomerular filtration rate?
Less efficient removal of potentially toxic substances such as medications
Which of the following are changes in sexual response that occur in older men, compared with younger? Select all that apply.
Less likely to experience an orgasm each time they engage in sexual intercourse. Excitement phase is longer. Plateau phase can be maintained longer.
As a hospice nurse, you are caring for an older adult, Henry, in a hospice center. Which of the following would be appropriate therapeutic approaches for you to use with Henry? Select all that apply.
Listen with an unbiased mind to what the dying person is saying. Encourage the person and family to express denial, anger, guilt, shame, or other feelings without judgment. Assist with housework, errands caring for family members, or other tasks.
You are a nurse working in a nursing home and caring for an older patient named Isabel, who experiences frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Which of the following age-related changes in the urinary system is most likely to contribute to Isabel's UTIs?
Loss of bladder tone and elasticity
According to the Functional Health & Frailty online lecture, which of the following is NOT one of the five criteria (developed by Fried) of the frailty phenotype?
Loss of function
According to the ACSM Article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, which physiological factor below is NOT typically associated with longevity and optimal aging?
Low HDL concentrations
According to the article: "Nutrition and Healthy Aging," which type of diet was associated with more favorable appendicular lean mass/body mass index in older women?
Mediterranean
According to the "Immune-inflammatory responses in the elderly" article, which of the following has been associated with lower levels of inflammation?
Mediterranean diet
Which of the following statements is NOT true from the Blue Zones video?
Men usually have a more aggressive form of Alzheimer's disease than women.
Which of the following is predictive for the development of frailty in older men and women?
Midlife obesity
Your neighbor, Quincy, who is an older adult, has displayed a gradual decline in cognitive abilities, including forgetfulness about recent events and difficulty paying attention during a protracted conversation. However, Quincy is otherwise healthy mentally and physically, and this recent decline does not appear to affect his ability to perform everyday activities or live independently. How would you characterize his neurocognitive condition?
Mild neurocognitive disorder
You are a nurse working with an older patient named Rob, who is recovering from a stroke. Which of the following is the best example of a tertiary disease prevention intervention for Rob?
Monitoring the patient's rehabilitative therapies, including physical, occupational, and speech therapies
According to the Functional Health & Frailty online lecture, which of the following clients would you consider as being frail based on Fried's Frailty Phenotype?
Mr. Jones who presents with low energy, slow walking speed and unintentional weight loss
Which of the following statements is NOT true with regards to water and body fluids in older age?
MyPlate recommends 10 or more servings of fluid a day
According to the "Masters Athlete" article, what is the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) recommendation for an older patient with isolated tendinopathies (Table 2)?
NSAID use is not generally indicated because they may compromise healing
The basic functional unit of the nervous system is which of the following?
Neuron
According to the lecture, Functional Health and Frailty, would you begin to asses your grandmother''s daily living activities at an instrumental or intermediate level if she lived independently?
No
You work as a nurse in a physician's office, and one of your older patients experiences persistent pain from osteoarthritis. How would you classify this type of pain?
Nociceptive
According to the ACSM Article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, centenarians often attribute their long lives to 3 behaviors. Which of the following is NOT one of those mentioned?
Not drinking alcohol
Which statement is NOT true with regards to HIV/AIDS in older adults?
Older adults are just as likely as young adults to practice safe sex practices
According to the "Masters Athlete" article, which statement below is NOT true?
Osteoarthritis is a contraindication to general exercise
According to the CDC post, "Shingles Vaccination," what is the most common complication from shingles?
PHN
Which of the following is NOT true regarding diverticulosis?
Pain usually presents in the left lower quadrant along with fever and abdominal tenderness.
According to the "Postural Control Strategies" lecture, which of the following impairments would limit a person's ability to use the ankle strategy?
Peripheral neuropathy
A resident of the nursing home in which you work seems to have trouble falling asleep at night. A disorder of which of the following glands or hormones secreted by the glands would best explain this condition?
Pineal gland
According to the "Postural Control Strategies" lecture, which type of impairment would limit a person's ability to use the hip strategy?
Poor muscle strength in the lower body
Your grandfather has unintentionally lost more than 10 pounds in the past year and his level of physical activity is less than 383 Kcal/week. How would you classify his condition?
Prefrail stage
According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part I," which is NOT one of the functional benefits of exericise that was discussed?
Preventing sarcopenia
You are trying to provide instruction to a patient, Alice, who has recently suffered from a stroke and has difficulty comprehending speech. Which of the following approaches should you take in communicating with Alice?
Proceed from simple concepts to more complex.
According to the "Immune-inflammatory responses in the elderly" article, what is the definition of ageing processes?
Processes that increase the vulnerability of subjects to the factors that eventually lead to death
Which of the following are functions of the ovaries? Select all that apply.
Produce progesterone Develop and release mature ova Produce estrogen
You are a gerontologist operating in a community hospital, and an older patient of yours experiences a condition in which her supporting ligaments stretch and allow her uterus to drop in the vaginal cavity. You recognize that this condition is which of the following?
Prolapse of the uterus
As a hospice nurse, you are caring for an older woman named Lois in her home. Lois is dying of pancreatic cancer. Which of the following would be examples of palliative care in this situation? Select all that apply.
Providing back massages Providing warm foot baths Administering prescribed pain medication
According to the "Balance and Mobility Terminology" lecture, several muscles work together to counteract gravitational forces while standing quietly. Which muscle group was NOT mentioned?
Quadriceps
According to the "Older Athletes Perceived Benefits" article, which of the following is NOT one of the key themes of perceived benefits?
Reduction in risk for chronic diseases
Which of the following is an energy therapy?
Reiki
There are three key public health tools that can reduce the burden of Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 tools mentioned in part IV of the lecture series?
Research
According to the ACSM Article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, which conclusion regarding physical activity is NOT true:
Resistance exercise training seems to be more effective than aerobic exercise training in minimizing the effects of aging
According to the "Masters Athlete" article, resistance training should be continued as athletes age. Which of the following is NOT a benefit from including strength training in a masters athlete's routine?
Resistance training may stop sarcopenia
According to the "Balance and Mobility Terminology" lecture, in which of the following situations is reactive postural control most likely to be used?
Restoring balance after unexpectedly stepping in a hole
Which of the following is an example of an autoimmune disorder that may affect older adults as well as younger people?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Which of the following are functions of the testes? Select all that apply.
Secrete testosterone
According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part II," which of the following is NOT one of the 5 ways mentioned to progressively increase load?
Select individualized ways to motivate your client
According to the CDC post, "Shingles Vaccination," which of the following statements is TRUE regarding possible side effects of Shingrix?
Side effects may affect your ability to do normal daily activities for 2-3 days
As a physical therapist, you are communicating with an older resident of an assisted living facility, Andy, who is hard of hearing. Which of the following approaches should you adopt in your communication with Andy?
Speak slowly and distinctly.
You are a physical therapist who has just begun working with an older woman with a hearing impairment who is recovering from a hip fracture. Which of the following methods would NOT be an effective way to communicate with this client?
Speak very loudly to the client, shouting if necessary
One of the older patients you see as a physician's assistant tells you that she started taking an herbal supplement to help relieve some mild anxiety and depression. Which of the following herbs do you suspect she is taking?
St. John's Wort
According to the ACSM Article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, a score of "B" on the strength of available evidence equates to:
Strong evidence with RCTs and/or observational studies and some inconsistencies in the findings
There are other non-breathing processes that move air in and out of the lungs. Which of the following is NOT considered a non-breathing process?
Swallowing
While you are driving on the interstate, a tractor trailer suddenly moves into your lane and almost hits you. You have to slam on your brakes to avoid a wreck. Afterwards, your heart is racing and your muscles are tense. Which component of the nervous system is responsible for your reaction?
Sympathetic division
While visiting your grandmother in an assisted living facility, you notice that she repeatedly sticks out her tongue, smacks her lips, grimaces, and rocks back and forth in her chair. She has been taking an antipsychotic medication for many years. Which condition is she displaying symptoms of?
Tardive dyskinesia
Which of the following is a fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone or muscle to muscle?
Tendon
One of your older patients is diabetic and has peripheral neuropathy. You review his medications and determine you are prescribing the appropriate treatment. However, you feel it's time he has an assistive device to help prevent a possible fall. You refer him to a physical therapist to fit him with the correct devise and provide instruction on proper use. This is an example of which type of preventive measure?
Tertiary prevention
According to the ACSM Article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, which of the following statements is NOT true:
The aging literature has reached a consensus as to when "old age" begins
According to the article: "Nutrition and Healthy Aging," which of the following is NOT true with regards to how the reductive strategy makes sense of diet?
The approach has advantages when it comes to communicating prevention messages
According to the "Balance and Mobility Terminology" lecture, what is posture?
The biomechanical alignment of each body part as well as the orientation of the body to the environment
You are a nurse working at a community health clinic. A patient of yours, Michelle, recently reached menopause. Which of the following is the most accurate definition of menopause?
The cessation of the menstrual cycle, achieved once 1 year has passed without menstruation
According to the "Aging in the US" article, what is the challenge that Public Health is facing given that people are living longer?
The challenge is to help people stay healthy and maintain a high quality of life at every age.
Which instruction is NOT correct with regards to the 30-second Chair Stand test?
The client's back should be touching the back of the chair
According to the "Aging in the US" article, which of the following is NOT one of the three major factors listed as being responsible for creating lively discussion and debate about aging in the U.S.?
The current state of economic uncertainty and limited resources.
According to the "Immune-inflammatory responses in the elderly" article, what is NOT true about immunosenescence?
The damage it causes accumulates slowly, sometime asymptomatically for years
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the structure of the endocrine system?
The endocrine glands secrete hormones through tubes or ducts
Which of the following speech and language-centered approaches are NOT correct when teaching older adults?
The instructor should set the pace so necessary information is covered
According to the "Postural Control Strategies" lecture, the step strategy is most likely to be used when:
The limits of stability are exceeded
According to the CDC post, "Shingles Vaccination," which of the following statements is NOT true?
The maximum age to get Shingrix is 85
According to the article: "Nutrition and Healthy Aging," a biomarker that shows your client is low in beta-carotene might lead you to conclude which of the following?
The person eats very few fruits and vegetables
Which statement regarding overall frailty prevalence is NOT true?
The prevalence of frailty is very similar in terms of geographics.
Which of the following is NOT an anatomical change in the kidney that's associated with aging?
The removal of toxic substances such as medications is much less efficient
When it comes to the value of sports participation on older adults, why is the data so limited?
There are very few older athletes to study.
According to the lecture "Exercise Programming for Older Adults - Part I," which is NOT one of the ways mentioned that the exercise guidelines can help you?
They describe the latest fitness trends
According to the article: "Nutrition and Healthy Aging," vitamin D levels have been a hot topic the last several years. Which following statement is NOT true with regards to vitamin D research?
Those with lower levels of vitamin D are four times more likely to have a decline in their Mini-Mental Status Exam scores
According to the ACSM article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, how long does it take for moderate-intensity AET to elicit cardiovascular adaptations in healthy middle-aged and older adults that are evident at rest and during acute exercise?
Three or more months
The 30-Second Chair Stand test used in the STEADI program is used for what purpose?
To assess leg strength and endurance
The 4-Stage Balance test used in the STEADI program is used for what purpose?
To assess static balance
As Sarah's physician you have several goals in terms of her treatment plan for congestive heart failure (CHF). Which of the following is NOT one of those goals?
To cure Sarah's CHF
Which structure of the immune system forms a ring of lymphatic tissues around the pharynx and removes pathogens entering the body through food or inhaled air?
Tonsils
Which cultural modality believes that qi or energy flows through the body following an organization of meridians?
Traditional Chinese medicine
According to the ACSM article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, it is possible for overweight middle-aged and older adults to reduce total body fat by engaging in moderate-intensity AET even without any dietary modifications.
True
According to the lecture, Functional Health and Frailty, frailty and disability are distinct conditions.
True
According to the CDC post, "Shingles Vaccination," how many doses of the Shingrix vaccine should healthy adults get?
Two doses separated by 2 to 6 months
Where did the Masters sport likely originate?
United States
Which of the following is the most common cause of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in older adults?
Unprotected sex
According to the lecture, Functional Health and Frailty, what functional change typically precipitates nursing home placement?
Urinary Incontinence
Secondary dementias are associated with all of the following except for:
Vascular dementia
Your grandmother has an ulcer on her leg; the skin around the ulcer is brown and it bleed easily. There is also hair loss, scaling and atrophy of her leg. What type of ulcer does she likely have?
Venous ulcer
Which of the following statements is NOT true with regards to age-related changes that can be modified by regular exercise?
Vigorous flexion exercises are recommended for those with osteoporosis
Dietary reference intakes (DRI's) are the same for older adults except for four vitamins. Which of the following is NOT one of those four vitamins?
Vitamin A
If an older adult presents with a lemon-yellow skin tint; a smooth, beefy red tongue; has anemia and appears to be suffering from depression, which vitamin deficiency is likely contributing to these symptoms?
Vitamin B-12 deficiency
According to the "Aging in the US" article, how does research show that mobility and balance can be improved in adults aged 85 years and older?
With basic weight training exercises.
Your coworker, Tom, who is 72 years old, complains in the winter time of his hands becoming dry, rough, and scaly. Which of the following conditions do you most suspect that Tom has?
Xerosis
As a physician, why might you overlook malnutrition when diagnosing an older adult patient? Select all that apply.
You are unaware that protein-energy malnutrition may be the first symptom of a treatable disease You aren't aware of the best methods to manage individuals who have protein-energy malnutrition You lack knowledge to diagnose malnutrition and recognize those at risk
As a health care professional, when would you advise your patient/client to begin testing for glaucoma during their periodic eye examinations?
after age 40
At what age would you recommend that your patients start having a colonoscopy?
age 50
You are explaining to a friend about the tiny air sacs in the lungs where exchange of gases occurs in respiration. What are these sacs called?
alveoli
According to the "Postural Control Strategies" lecture, which of the following is NOT one of the 3 strategies used to control the amount of body sway:
balance strategy
This term describes the objective state of having experienced a loss. What is the correct term?
bereavement
Which alternative therapy focuses on using manual thrusts to correct musculoskeletal misalignments or subluxations, which contribute to a loss of homeostasis resulting in illness and nerve dysfunction?
chiropractic
Which of the following is NOT one of the more commonly occurring cancers in older adults that is related to reduced immune system surveillance?
colon cancer
As a physician's assistant working in a local hospital, you have been caring for an older patient, Marvin, who has end-stage emphysema. Marvin's pulmonologist has indicated that he likely has only 6 months to live. Marvin is stunned by the news at first, but later says that he's not sure he trusts the doctor's prognosis and says he will get a second opinion. Which of Ku bler-Ross' stages of grief is Marvin most likely in?
denial
Which of the following cardiovascular drugs slows and strengthens the heartbeat and is the drug of choice in treating congestive heart failure?
digitalis
Nerve endings in muscles, glands, and organs that act to produce change are which of the following?
effectors
According to the lecture, An Overview of Falls, what is the most common cause of traumatic brain injuries in older adults?
falls
According to the ACSM Article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, one discipline such as a geriatrician, is sufficient to adequately address all the needs for older adults.
false
According to the ACSM article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, participation in AET is much better than RET for seeing sustained improvements in cognitive performance.
false
Alzheimer's Disease accounts for 30-40% of all dementia cases.
false
Men are more likely than women to have Alzheimer's disease.
false
You are a physician's assistant working at an assisted-living facility. A patient of yours, Christopher, experiences constipation often. Which macronutrient would you recommend that he increase his intake of to prevent this condition?
fiber
The 563 textbook specifically recommends regular exercise as a prevention or treatment for all of the following age-related disorders EXCEPT for:
gastric ulcer
You are a nurse practitioner, and one of your patients mentions that she has begun taking an herb to reduce stress, fatigue, and exhaustion and enhance her learning and thinking. Which of the following herbs would you most suspect she is taking?
ginseng
This term describes the intrapersonal process that involves reactions, thoughts, feelings and behaviors to a loss. What is the correct term?
grief
Which alternative healing system developed in the United States in the 18th and 19th centuries and emphasized the efficacy of natural cures such as herbs, hydrotherapy, nutrition therapy, and manual manipulation?
homeopathy
Which of the following is NOT one of the early symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia?
increase in urinary frequency
You are caring for an older patient, Margaret, in a long-term nursing care facility. Margaret has been found to have nutritional anemia. Margaret is most likely experiencing deficiency in which of the following minerals?
iron
According to the ACSM article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, is there consensus and strong evidence regarding how much (frequency, duration) and what types of range of motion exercises (static vs. dynamic) are the safest and most effective for older adults?
no
What is the most important predictor of glaucoma?
older age
Which component of the blood is responsible for carrying oxygen to all cells of the body?
red blood cells
Your grandfather is complaining that he is leaking large amounts of urine but that he doesn't have a sensation of urgency. Which type if incontinence does he likely have?
reflex incontinence
As a nurse working at a community health clinic, you recognize that a patient's blood glucose level is slightly elevated in his most recent lab results. On further testing, you learn that the patient is prediabetic, so you provide him with appropriate guidelines regarding diet and exercise to help him manage this condition. Of which level of disease prevention is this an example?
secondary
You are a personal trainer working with an older adult named Sue. Sue would like to "get her heart in better shape" so that she can avoid cardiovascular diseases, which are prevalent in her family history. She is in generallygood health. Which of the following exercises would be best for Sue, given her health goals?
swimming
Which of the following touch therapies focuses on the phenomenon of a human energy field or aura surrounding the body that is connected to the body's well-being?
therapeutic touch
Which structure of the immune system atrophies throughout life and is almost nonexistent in older adults?
thymus gland
As a physical therapist, you are working with an older client, Melba, who has recently begun experiencing symptoms of fatigue, depression, weight gain, and cold intolerance. You should most suspect a disorder of which endocrine gland in Melba?
thyroid gland
According to the ACSM Article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, healthy sedentary older men and women show similar acute physiological adjustments to submax aerobic exercise.
true
According to the ACSM Article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, physical activity may be a lifestyle factor that discriminates between successful and unsuccessful aging.
true
According to the ACSM Article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, studies involving overweight middle-aged as well as older adults show no significant effect of aerobics exercise training on fat-free mass.
true
According to the ACSM article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, it is possible for overweight middle-aged and older adults to reduce total body fat by engaging in moderate-intensity AET even without any dietary modifications.
true
According to the ACSM article: Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults, low-intensity weight bearing activities for periods up to 1 year may not have any effect on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women.
true
According to the article, "Benefits of Exercise in the Elderly," aerobic exercise improved all of the following cognitive functions except for...
working memory
Which age-related disorder of the cardiovascular system is characterized by a hardening of the arteries due to the building up of plaque in the blood vessels?
Atherosclerosis
Which part of the brain is the major visceral control center and is crucial for maintaining homeostasis in blood pressure, heart rate, ad pupil size?
Hypothalamus
Which theory of aging focuses on developmental changes that occur in the thymus gland?
Immunological theory
What is the first line of defense against invading substances?
Innate immunity
Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs enters which of the following chambers of the heart via the pulmonary veins?
Left atrium
Your boss, Kevin, who is 42 years old, has recently begun holding books and documents at arms' length in order to read them. Which of the following age-related changes in the eye most likely causes this condition?
Loss of elasticity of the lens
Phil is a man in his mid-60s who operates the newsstand down the street from where you live. Recently you've noticed that Phil's eyelids sag and that his speech is harder for you to understand than it used to be. Which of the following age-related conditions should you most suspect in Phil?
Myasthenia gravis
Which of the following is the basic unit of the kidney, in which urine formation and other life-maintaining activities of the kidneys take place?
Nephron
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the developmental stage known as older age?
Older age tends to be a time for evaluating one's life. A major task is to work through a life review-a purposeful, constructive effort to review one's life and put it into perspective and to cope with cumulating losses that usually occur with advancing age.
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding Parkinson's disease?
Parkinson's is easy to diagnose
The involuntary wavelike motion that helps propel food down the esophagus to the stomach is known as which of the following?
Peristalsis
According to Maslow's hierarchy of basic human needs, which of the following represents the correct order of needs, progressing from the most basic, which must be met first, to the more advanced?
Physiological/survival, safety/security, belonging/affiliation, esteem, self-actualization.
Which of the following theories holds that aging is caused by replicated errors in cells that are intrinsic and predetermined?
Programmed aging theory
Which type of sensory receptors are located in skeletal muscles, tendons, and joints and give continuous information about the body's position in space?
Proprioceptors
You are a nurse working in a senior center and are preparing to teach a class on prevention of osteoporosis. Which of the following forms of exercise would work best in terms of osteoporosis prevention?
Resistance training (using weights)
What is geriatrics?
"Geriatrics" is a specialty that concentrates on medical problems associated with older age.
What is gerontology?
"Gerontology" is the broad study of the aging process. It incorporates multidisciplinary concepts and approaches in an attempt to understand all aspects of the complex aging process.
Bob is a healthy 82 year old. Which of the following represent modifiable factors that may have contributed to Bob's good health? Select all that apply.
- Swimming 5 days per week - A diet that includes many fruits, vegetables, and whole grains - The fact that Bob's father and grandfather enjoyed good health in old age
According to the "Aging in the US" article, what will be the ratio of older adults (aged 65 and older) to the total American population by 2030?
1 of 5 people will be 65 or older
While visiting with your grandmother you notice that she is tiring more quickly than you and she doesn't have as much endurance when doing strenuous gardening work. What is the likely age-related functional change that is contributing to these differences?
A decline in her cardiac output with age.
Your grandmother seems to be sleeping more but is complaining that she feels tired much of the time. Which change in sleep patterns in older adults may be affecting her?
A decrease in stage 3 and 4 sleep
You have noticed that your grandfather goes to the doctor a lot and that he always seems to be undergoing various medical tests. Based on your understanding of the typical patterns of disease in older adults, which of following would you most expect to observe in your grandfather?
A medication he has just been prescribed causing complications with his diabetes.
According to the "Immune-inflammatory responses in the elderly" article, which of the following is demonstrating a decrease in inflammation and cancer incidence, as well as a reduction in some markers of biological aging?
A periodic fasting mimicking diet
Your next-door neighbor, Sarah, is 91 years old. Which of the following observations that you have made about Sarah are likely signs of lessened reserve capacity? Select all that apply.
A. When the temperature outside begins dropping in autumn, Sarah is prone to catching colds easily B. Even though her hearing is normal, it takes a long time for Sarah to understand what your are trying to say to her.
You have a patient who presents with cold, pale and bluish colored legs. What vascular disorder might they be experiencing?
Arterial occlusion
Your 83-year-old client is walking with a wide-stance/fee-apart gait, has increased sway and has difficulty standing on uneven or soft surfaces. These characteristics he is displaying are likely due to age-related changes in which system?
Age-related changes in the vestibular system
Imagine that you are a health educator working in a senior center. Which of the following would describe recommendations you would include in a class that you teach on "successful aging?"
All of the other answers.
You are a physician's assistant who is working with an older patient who recently experienced a transient ischemic attack (TIA) without realizing it until later. Which of the following are typical signs of a TIA that you should instruct the patient to be on alert for in the future? Select all that apply.
B. Difficulty understanding speech C. Temporary dizziness or unsteadiness D. Sudden temporary weakness or numbness of the face, arm, or leg E. Brief vision loss in one or both eyes
Which of the following are primary functions of the urinary system? Select all that apply.
B. Regulate water balance in the body C. Help maintain acid-base balance in body fluids D. Remove foreign particles and bacteria from tissue spaces and transport them to the bloodstream E. Excrete toxic substances and waste products of metabolism
You are working in an assisted living facility with a resident named Dennis, who has begun complaining of straining to urinate, difficulty starting the urinary stream, and longer time necessary to urinate. Which of the following conditions do you most suspect in Dennis?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
A gerontologist is conducting a study on the physiological factors that may contribute to longevity in older adults. In which area of gerontology is this scientist most likely working?
Biological aging
Which of the following events occur during inspiration (inhalation)? Select all that apply.
C. Air is sucked in. D. Chest capacity increases. E. Diaphragm contracts and flattens.
In terms of drug therapy for osteoporosis prevention, what are the current recommendations for calcium and vitamin D intake?
Calcium = 1200 to 1500 mg/day Vitamin D = 800 to 1000 IU daily
Your neighbor, Hilda, who is 81, complains that she can't see a thing when driving at night. Which of the following age-related changes in the eye is most likely responsible for this limitation?
Changes in the chemical sensitivity of the rods and cones
What is the third leading cause of death in the United States?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Which of the following is NOT one the cardiac risk factors for congestive heart failure (CHF)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
According to the "Immune-inflammatory responses in the elderly" article, what is inflamm-ageing?
Chronic state of low-grade inflammation
Which of the following is NOT one of the important functions that skeletal muscle performs?
Contractility
A patient presented with heartburn, belching, difficulty swallowing and indigestion. After making a diagnosis, the physician advised her to lose weight, quit smoking, eat 3 small meals a day, not eat within 3-4 hours of going to bed, elevate the head of their bed 3-6 inches, and avoid alcohol, chocolate and peppermint. Which age-related disorder of the gastrointestinal system does she most likely have?
Hiatal hernia
You are working in a nursing home with an older patient named Wanda, who has recently been experiencing urgency and frequency of urination, voiding small amounts, burning and pain when urinating, lower abdominal pain, and getting up at night to urinate. Based on these symptoms which of the following conditions should you most suspect in Wanda?
Cystitis
Your Aunt Mimi, an older adult, suffers from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Which of the following age-related changes in the gastrointestinal system most likely has put her at risk for this condition?
Delayed emptying of food into the stomach from the esophagus
Hair follicles are found in which layer of skin?
Dermis
The textbook describes three realistic goals in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following is NOT a realistic goal for this condition?
Effective pain management through extensive rest.
According to Erikson's stage theory of development, which of the following is the developmental crisis of late adulthood?
Ego integrity vs. despair
According to the "Aging in the US" article, which of the following is NOT one of the 3 core components of "successful aging"?
Fall prevention
Which of the following is NOT a modifiable risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease?
Family History
You are educating a group of older women at a Senior Center Lunch & Learn on how to maintain healthy skin. Which of the following items would NOT be a correct tip?
Full-body bathing is fine every day of the week as long as warm water is used.
What is the most common upper GI problem in adults?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Urine formation and blood composition adjustment involve 3 processes. Which process listed below gets its force from blood pressure as water, glucose and amino acids pass through?
Glomerular filtration
Which of the following structures of the eye is the photosensitive tissue at the back of the eye that contains rods and cones, the sensory receptors of the eye?
Retina
Your grandfather, who is 84 years old, complains that his muscles are "wasting away" and that he feels increasingly fatigued and frail as he ages. Which condition should you most suspect that your grandfather is experiencing?
Sarcopenia
Your uncle has a wartlike lesion on his face that has a "stuck-on" appearance. Its appearance looks similar to malignant melanoma. What might this condition be?
Seborrheic keratosis
One of your friends (in her 30's) has had a thyroid disorder much of her life and has osteoporosis. What would be the likely classification of her osteoporosis?
Secondary Osteoporosis
What is the most common form of presbycusis?
Sensory Presbycusis
An older woman you meet when walking your dog in the park mentions that she was just diagnosed as having osteoporosis. Which of the following most accurately describes what occurs in this condition?
Severe bone loss due to resorption
Which component of the conduction system of the heart is normally responsible for initiating the heart beat?
Sinoatrial (S-A) node
The manager of the apartments where you live, Edith, is an older adult. You notice that her skin is especially rough, leathery, and wrinkled, with irregular pigmentation. In the summer during her off hours, she frequently lies out next to the pool. Which of the following conditions do you most suspect that Edith has?
Solar elastosis
Which of the following statements regarding osteoporosis is NOT true:
Standard x-rays will show loss of bone density after 20% of bone mass has been lost
You are explaining to a client in your balance class about how the tiny bones of the middle ear, known as the ossicles, transmit sound vibrations that eventually are converted to nerve impulses that are interpreted by the brain. Which of the following are the names of the ossicles? Select all that apply.
Stapes, Incus, Malleus
You are a physician's assistant who is working with an older patient who frequently experiences constipation. Which of the following would NOT be a good suggestion for avoiding constipation?
Stop taking medications that cause constipation
Your great-uncle, an older adult, seems to move very slowly when he is washing dishes after a family meal. When you talk to him he also seems slow to understand you. What age-related change below is NOT a likely factor that is affecting the transmission efficiency of his central nervous system.
There are changes in brain wave patterns that could be affecting transmission.
The textbook describes 3 potentially dangerous situations when the the kidneys stop functioning properly. Which of the following is NOT one of the three situations described?
There is decreased blood flow to the kidneys
Which of the following sensory systems is significant for mobility and balance?
Vestibular
In terms of nutrition, what food groups/vitamins would you advise your patient/client to eat to help with prevention and progression of macular degeneration?
Vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, zinc and green leafy vegetables
Stanley just turned 65 years old. Which age category would a gerontologist likely assign to Stanley?
Young-old
There are several risk factors for congestive heart failure (CHF). If your grandfather has been taking digoxin and using anti-inflammatory drugs, which type of risk factor for CHF would this be considered?
latrogenic factor
Which of the following is NOT an atypical symptom that may be displayed in older adults and women when experiencing a heart attack?
profuse perspiration
Your Uncle Mel, who is 75 years old, complains of feeling tired all the time. You can tell that he has lost weight recently and appears apathetic and depressed. His wife tells you that he has had a low-grade fever for several months and an occasional cough. Which age-related disorder of the respiratory system do you think is most likely in Mel, based on these symptoms?
pulmonary tuberculosis
Which of the following is considered the major digestive organ of the body, where the majority of absorption occurs and digestion is completed?
small intestine