EXSS 181 Midterms

Evan started drinking and has looked to you for help

Explain to evan that it is good that he is seeking help, but that you are not trained to help him with this problem. Then refer him to a clinical or conseling psychologust who deals with substance abuse problems.

Robazza et al. 2004

Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF)

Transactional means....

Intervention can occur with either the person or the enviornment, resulting in many possible intervention options

What would you advise her to do?

Advise her to not cut back on physical practice to do in imagry, beacuse despite imagry's many benefits, physical practice is still more effective than imagery

B= f(P,E)

Behavior is a function of both person and enviornmental factors

Who is the key figure that is considered the "father" of modern sport psychology?

Coleman Griffith

Which of the following is true of coping?

Coping requires a specific effort on the part of the individual

Suggest team building activities so her athletes might feel more socailly connected to each other and to thier coach. What psychological need are you having this coach target with this suggested intervention?

Relatedness

Which of the following is true of Martens' description of competitiveness?

Social evaluation is a key component of competitiveness

NOT one of the 5 stages in Kirschenbaum's model of self-regulation?

Specialization

A secondary cognitive appraisal is best described by which question?

What can be done about it?

Gillham & Weiler 2013 article

a case study of the successes/ failures of an applied goal setting program

"straight"

a cue word

Leddy et al. 2014 most strengthend design feature

a non-injured athlete control group

athlete burnout may be associated with all of the following expect

ability to meet the situational demands of sport

Not a common use of imagery

all of the above are common uses of imagery

NOT a possible psychological explanation for the psychological benefits of exercise

all of the above are possible explanations : fun or enjoyment, positive social interactions, improved self-esteem, feelings of competence and self-efficacy

exercise has been associated with lowered symptoms of

anxiety and depression

The inverted U hypothesis predicts that:

arousal can be either too low or too high and top performance occurs at a moderate level/point of arousal.

Which of the following was NOT one of the athlete groups identified in the McDonough et al. 2013 article

athletes who generally perceived stressors as an enjoyable experience

NOT a specific facet of one's ability to focus

attentional motivation

You decide that it is important to give the athetes you work with some input into how you set up your team's practice schedules. What psychological need would this behavior most likley satisfy for your athletes?

autonomy

NOT a recommended strategy to mange psychological responses to injury

avoid burdening Lyla with detailed information about the rehabilitation

Social- Cognitive theory, which of the following is NOT one of the four factors to utilize when attempting to effectively demonstrate/ model a skill?

behavioral response

potential eating disorder risk factors

being a female a female athlete, participating in a sport where leanness is idealized, participating in a sport with an asethetic component, participating in a weight class sport

According to Snyder, hope involves having a realistic goal and...

being able to reach the goal

Confidence is usually defined by sport psychologists as the

belief that one can successfully perform a desired behavior

Using an electronic monitoring device designed to teach control of physiological or autonomic responses is known as

biofeedback

potential "choke" scenario

catastrophe theory

One of the 4C's of mental toughness is ________, the perception of change as an oppertunity to grow and develop rather than as a threat

challenge

burnout experience

commitment and entrapment theory

confidence in resiliency

constructs of sport confidence

The ______ role in sport psychology is charcaterized by helping individuals and teams to improve performance, manage demamds, and enhance well-being.

consulting

Basic imagery training involves learning to be effective with aspects of

controllability/ vividness

continuing to train "secretly"

denial

Effective breathing occurs from the

diaphragm

NOT a mechanistic explanation for the effectiveness of goal setting

directing the performer's attention to less imporatant elements of a skill

Efforts to "manage your feelings about the problem" are ____ coping; while efforts to "try to solve the problem" are _______ coping

emotion-focused/ problem-focused

self-efficacy enhancement

ensuring successful experiences

outcome; process goal

examples jumprope

The type of motivation which is broken up into four seperate types of motivational regulation is _____.

extrinsic motivation

Based on lecture, perceived competence is _______ within an achievement enviornment?

feeling effective at achieving desired outcomes

NOT a specific trait of the personality style of hardiness

heightened ability to utilize psychological skills

least motivationally and psychologically adaptive combination of goal orientations

high ego/outcome, low task/mastery

most "at-risk" for suffering an injury

high life stress, low coping skills, and low social support

The primary focus of attribution theory is ______

how individuals explain their successes and failures

elite athletes exhibit an adaptive psychological profile called the

iceberg profile

a collegiate basketball player's motivation went from a LESS to a MORE self-determined form of motivational regulation. What represents her motivational climate?

identified to integrated

This approach to understanding personality is characterized by examining how person and situational factors interact to determine personaity traits and behavior.

interactionist

Within Hollander's Model of Personality, the most basic and least likley part of a personality structure to change is the ________

internal psychological core

The most self-determined form of motivation, according to Self-determined theory is _____ and is characterized by being motivated to perform an activity for its own sake.

intrinsic motivation

commonly cited barriers to exercise

lack of energy, lack of access to facilities, lack of knowledge, lack of time

Which of the following is NOT a feature of cooperation learning enviornment?

lack of social skills training

The Isoard- Gautheur et al. 2015 article was associated with our larger unit on motivation by

linking achievement goal theory to athlete burnout

Common psychological reaction to sport retirement outlined in the book/lecture

loss of confidence in ability to cope with life situations, lack of comradery with teammates, lack of self-identity

NOT a specific dimension/ symptom of athete burnout

low confidence

Self-fulfilling prophecy effect?

low-expectancy athletes exhibit lower perfrmances due to less effective reinforcement and playing time and low-expectancy athletes attribute thier failures to lack of ability

Weiss et al. study the advanced student is a _____ model while the same class student is a _____ model.

mastery/coping

Not be useful as a strategy to help him reduce his feelings of anxeity/tension

minimize his exposure to stressful situations in practice

create an intervention to alter your students goal involvement during class activities. Based on achievement goal theory, which factor would you have the most direct ability to change?

motivational climate

Which aspect of Social Cognitive Theory is best promoted by checking lead-up skills of participants, breaking difficukt skills into smaller actions, and providing plenty of oppertunity for practice?

motor reproduction

After Jacob's team wins an important fencing tornamnet, his coach decides to take away teh next day's conditioning session to increase the likelihood of future winning. This is best exemplified by.....

negative reinforcement

Information that is obtained about a behavior is

none of the above

why using personality testing for the purpose of athlete selection should be considered inappropriate

not sufficient evidence of the reliability and validity of athletic personality measures for their use, people may respond is socially desirable ways, elements important for athletic performance can be learned.

The Nicolas et al. 2011 article found support for which of the following models?

perceived coaching behaviors - athlete coping behaviors - athlete goal attainment

NOT a direct predictor of state goal involvement according to Achievement Goal Theory

perceived competence

According to the Competence Motivational Model, feedback and reinforcement influence an athlete's state competence motivation through their effects on ______ and _______.

perceived competence, affect/emotion

Self-efficacy theory, the strongest and most dependable information on which to base self-efficacy judgements comes from

performance accomplishments

In general, Drive Theory proposes that the relationship between arousal and performance is linear. In addition, this theory predicts that....

performance of a novel task is best when arousal is low

Constonguay et al. 2015 siginificant predictors of posttramautic growth in this population

physical self-worth, enduring stressors

what type of feedback is now seen as being very important to athlete outcomes?

positive contingent

The TARGET acronym is designed to provide coaches/practitioners stratigies which

promote a task/mastery motivational climate

examples of behavior modification strategies

prompts and contracting

Which of the following is/are autonomy supportive coaching behaviors?

provide choice within specific limits and avoid controlling behaviors

cooperative learning approach strategies to implement

provide opportunities for your athletes to play multiple positions and maximize oppertunities for your athletes to develop lacrosse skills

many of your athletes are experiencing heightened, maladaptive levels of anxeity/ arousal during your matches. Appropriate guldelines for applying arousal and anxiety knowledge to help athletes you may be working with include

recognizing the signs of increased arousal and anxiety for individuals, developing individuals confidence as a means to cope with and/ or prevent anxiety and arousal, tailoring of coahing and instructional practices to individuals

"I can't grasp this concept" to "I have plenty of time to prepare"

reframing

The choice to avoid competition is best represented by which aspect of the Sport Competition Process Model?

response

stratiges to help prevent athletes from developing symptoms associated with this maladaptive psychological syndrome

schedule appropriate time outs, keep the team in excellent physcical condition, maintain a positive team outlook through the promotion of self-talk

The ultimate goal of PST is

self-regulation

Bill attributes his perceived failure to external and unstable factors. Bill could possibly be experiencing which of the following?

self-serving bias

The athletes desire to "see who is best" has gotten out of hand. Based on your knowledge of Competence Motivation Theory, what stage of competence judgement are the majority of your athletes likley experiencing?

social comparison

exercise adherence strategies

social support

SMARTS goal setting principles

specific measurable time-based

general imagery is typically associated with the function of improving/developing

strategy

A relationship between the person and the enviornment that is appraised as taxing or exceeding the reaources of the person and dangers his/her well-being is ______

stress

explanations for the relationship between stress and injury

stress disrupts and athlete's attention by causing a decline in peripheral vision and stress couses muscle tension, which disrupts coordination

Which of the following is not tenets of progressive relaxation?

tension and relaxation can occur simultaneously

How extrinsic rewards influence intrinsic motivtion has been addressed by Cognitive Evaluation Theory. Which of the following scenarios will most likely result in a decrease in intrinsic motivation.

the reward is perceived as a means to control behavior

Van Raalte et al. 1994 revealed that

there was more negative self-talk than positive self-talk

overall points to remember when giving effective demonstartions

they can do as much harm as good, effective demonstrations require thought and planning, theory can aid coahces/ clinnicians in using best practice to demonstrate skills

In Deutsch's classic 1949 study of puzzle solving in college students, which of the following was not found to be true of students in the competitive group?

they communicated openly

An athlete's general level of anxiety that stays relativley stable over time is ____

trait anxiety

independent variables and dependent variables

type of goal / free throw shooting performance

how attribution falls within each dimension from Attribution Theory

unstable, internal, controllable

external/ internal

uses of imagery

NOT one of the ways we specifically discussed in lecture to measure these athletes' degree of learning beyond thier final passing skill performance?

visual attention

Not an example of an internal distractor related to athlete attention

visual distractions

The two sensations that are emphasized in autogenic training are _____ and ______

warmth/ heaviness

NOT a common reason individuals continue an exercise program

weight control