Eye

Conjunctiva

A transparent mucus membrane that covers the inner surfaces of the eyelids and also extends over the sclera, forming a "pocket" under each eyelid. Glands in the conjunctiva secrete mucus and tears.

Choroid

A highly vascular structure that serves to mourish the ciliary body, the iris, and the outer portion of the retina.

Prebyopia

A loss of accommodation, causing an inability to focus on near objects.

Apnakia

Absence of the lens.

Hordeolum

Also known as a sty --> Infection of the sebaceous glands in lid margin. Commonly caused by Staph aureus.

Cones

Are receptive to colors in bright environments.

Rods

Are stimulated in dim or darkened environments.

Hyperopia

Can see distant objects clearly (farsightedness), but close objects are blurred.

Myopia

Can see near objects clearly (nearsightedness), but objects in the distance are blurred.

Astigmatism

Caused by unevenness in the cornea, which results in visual distortion.

Blepharitis

Chronic bilateral inflammation of lid margins. Lids are red rimmed with many scales or crust on lids margins and lashes. Malfunction of timy glands of the eyelids where the lashes grow that over produce oil.

Chalazion

Chronic inflammatory granuloma of sebaceous glands in the lid. Usually results from multiple hordeolum.

Ciliary body

Consists of the ciliary muscles, which surround the lens and lie parallel to the sclera.

Refractive media

For light to reach the retina, it must pass through a number of structures: the corneas, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous.

Conjunctivitis

Infection or inflmmation of the conjuctiva --> caused by bacterial infections, viral infections, chlamydial infections and allergic conjunctivitis.

Keratitis

Inflammation or infection of the cornea --> May invlove conjectiva and corneal called keratoconjunctivitis. Cause by bacterial infections, viral infections, other causes of ______ and corneal ulcer.

Lens

Is a biconvex, avascular, transparent structure located behind the iris. Primary function of the ens is to bend light rays so that they fall onto the retina.

Sclera

Is composed of collagen fibers meshed together to form an opaque structure commonly referred to as the "white" of the eye; Forms a tough shell that helps protect intraocular structure.

Dry eye

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca--> common complaint of elderly and those with chronic medical conditions, such as scleoderma, Sjogren's syndrome and SLE.

Macular disease

Loss of central vision.

Glaucoma

Loss of peripheral vision.

Blurred vision

Refractive errors, corneal opacities, cataracts, migraine aura, retinal changes (detachment, macular degeneration)

Retina

The innermost layer of the eye that extends and forms the optic nerve. It is responsible for converting images into a form that the brain can understand and process as vision. Contains two types of photoreceptors...Rod and Cones

Cornea

Transparent and avascular cornea allows light to enter eye. The curved cornea refracts (bends) incoming light to help them focus on the retina.

Refractive error

When light doesn't focus properly- the light rays have the ability to bend so that they fall on the retina --> normal eyes the parallel light rays are focused through the lens into a sharp image on the retina.