FA Auditory - Regs I

Messiah

A chorus sings "King of Kings and Lord of Lords" in a section of this work during which the audience traditionally stands.

Leoš Janáček (LEH-ohsh YAH-naw-check)

A clarinet represents Ostap's dying screams in his Gogol-inspired rhapsody.

piano four hands

A collection including that piece inspired two sousedskás, two skočnás, and two furiants in a collection originally for this ensemble written by Dvorak.

fanfares

A collection of pieces of this type that honor "risk-takers and adventurers" were written by Joan Tower.

Erik (Alfred Leslie) Satie

A collection of seven pieces by this composer ends with a literal "rehash" of music he wrote for The Angora Ox and uses 25 bars from a rejected draft of his "cold pieces" for the third of its numbered Morceaux ("more-SO").

suites

A collection of these pieces uses six different kinds of opening movements, last movements in six different time signatures, and six different keys: BÂflat major, C minor, A minor, D major, G major, and E minor.

George Frideric Handel

A comically over-earnest largo aria sung to a plane tree opens this composer's opera Serse (SEHR-say); that aria is "Ombra mai fu."

Poland

A composer from this country included Silesian folk songs and a prayer written on the wall of a Gestapo jail in his Symphony of Sorrowful Songs.

Spain

A composer from this country omitted the Dies Irae ("DEE-ess EE-ray") from his 6-voice requiem Officium Defunctorum.

Finland

A composer from this country quoted his piece knock, breathe, shine in a cello concerto premiered by Yo-Yo Ma in March 2017.

Italy

A composer from this country set farewell letters written by resistance fighters on the eves of their executions by the Nazis in a work whose title translates to "The Suspended Song."

Norway

A composer from this country used its folk music as the basis for piano miniatures like "Arietta" and "March of the Dwarfs."

France

A composer from this country wrote Cold Pieces with instructions to the musician such as "be visible for a moment" and "don't eat too much."

Poland

A composer from this country wrote a piece inspired by electroencephalograms of people listening to one of his earlier works.

Italy

A composer from this country wrote a setting of the Miserere that was illegal to transcribe until a teenage Mozart did it from memory.

Poland

A composer from this country wrote a string quartet in which the musicians play entire sections independently from each other, a technique he called "controlled aleatoricism."

Norway

A composer from this country wrote a suite that depicts sunrise in its first movement, "Morning Mood," and climaxes with "In the Hall of the Mountain King."

Italy

A composer from this modern-day country wrote a polyphonic choral piece that sets every other line as a monophonic chant, despite being scored for one four-part chorus and one five-part chorus.

piano sonatas by Beethoven

A composer instructed that the damper pedal be pressed the whole way in one of these pieces, whose name was coined by Ludwig Rellstab to evoke a view over Lake Lucerne.

France

A composer who spent most of his adult life working in this modern-day country wrote a piece based on the words lascia fare mi ("LAH-shah FAH-reh MEE") using the soggetto cavato ("so-JET-oh kah-VAH-toh") technique.

John Adams

A composer with this name wrote a drum-kit opera called Ilimaq and a string quartet containing the sections "Above Sunset Pass" and "Looking Toward Hope" called The Wind in High Places.

Bach

A composer with this surname incorporated the empfindsamer Stil (em-FIN-zahm-er SHTEEL), or "sensitive style," in pieces like his "Solfeggietto" (sole-fed-JET-toh).

Schumann

A composer with this surname used a melody from Miklós Rózsa's ("MEEK-lohsh RO-zhaw's") score for The Killers in his theme for the show Dragnet.

Bach

A composer with this surname worked at the St. Thomas Church in Leipzig from 1723 to 1750, where he composed keyboard pieces such as his Two-Part Inventions and choral pieces such as his Mass in B minor.

Schumann

A composer with this surname wrote an Opus 17 Piano Trio in G minor whose third movement scherzo ("SKAIRT-soh") uses a "Scotch snap" rhythm.

(Jakob Ludwig) Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy

A concerto by this composer uses the allegro, high theme (read slowly) "long B B long B G E long E B" to open the Allegro molto appassionato first movement, which is unusually not introduced by an orchestral tutti.

violoncello

A concerto for this instrument begins with a quadruple stopÂfilled recitative for the soloist.

clarinet(s)

A concerto for this instrument contains a "war" between the alternating keys of F major and E major that is exacerbated by a prominent snare-drum part and that supposedly re ected the bipolar nature of its dedicatee, Aage Oxenvad (AH-geh OX-en-vahd).

viola

A concerto for this instrument has a version completed by the composer's son Peter, though the standard version was edited by Tibor Serly.

clarinet(s)

A concerto for this instrument uses a dif cult cadenza to link its rst movement back-to-back with its Latin jazz-in uenced second movement.

Spring

A concerto with this name opens The Contest Between Harmony and Invention.

Finland

A conductor from this country recorded all of Beethoven's symphonies on the BIS label with the Minnesota Orchestra, which he has led since 2003.

The Shining

A crane shot transitions between a model and the object it represents in a part of this film that uses an excerpt of "night music" by Bela Bartok.

George Frideric Handel

A dotted rhythm underlines the words "And all the peoplerejoiced" in a choral piece by this composer that ends with cries of "God save the King!".

violin concerto

A duet with clarinet features in the second cadenza in the first movement of Khachaturian's.

violin concerto

A first-movement cadenza acts as a development in Sibelius's only piece of this type, which is in D minor.

Renaissance masses

A five-movement work of this type consists pairs of mensuration canons with the interval between the canons widening with each successive movement.

Indonesia

A form of music from this country can proceed in "colotomic" rhythmic cycles for as long as 256 beats.

Brazil

A friction drum from this country that makes a high-pitched squeaking sound is the cuíca (koo-EE-ka).

viola

A fugato based on "The Cuckoo Sat on the Fence" is part of a "Concerto from Old Folk Songs" for this instrument that is usually named for a folk song about an organ grinder.

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi

A group of works by this composer is arranged into four groups of three pieces, each of which has a piece for one, two, and four soloists and alternates between major and minor keys.

Camille Saint-Saëns (san-SAWNS)

A harp plucks the note D twelve times to signal midnight at the start of a tone poem by this composer that calls for a solo violin with its E string lowered a half step.

drums

A highÂpitched one of these instruments called the djembe one has a head made of goatskin.

George Gershwin

A jazz chord progression known as "rhythm changes" derives from this composer's song "I Got Rhythm."

Symphony No. 5 by Ludwig van Beethoven in C minor

A legend suggests that part of this symphony was inspired by a yellowhammer bird.

bassoon

A lengthy melody by this instrument can be heard in the entirety of the fourth movement of Shostakovich's Ninth Symphony, and this instrument first plays the main melody of (*) "The Story of the Kalendar Prince" from Scheherazade.

trombone

A lengthy solo for this instrument makes up almost the entirety of the second movement of Berlioz's Grand Funeral and Triumphal Symphony.

Charles Ives

A long wooden plank in used in his piano sonata that quotes Beethoven's 5th in all four movements, including "Hawthorne" and "The Alcotts."

Symphony of a Thousand

A loud E-flat major organ chord introduces the first part of this symphony, which is a setting of the "Veni creator spiritus" hymn.

trombone

A loud solo by this instrument introduces the [emphasize] secondary theme of the first movement of Mahler's third symphony.

piano

A man who played this instrument led a group that was once told to play more quietly because they were scaring the horses at a disastrous concert at a state fair, a fiasco recounted in "How Many of You Are There in the Quartet?"

bassoon

A march is this instrument's variation in The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra.

English horn

A melody that was adapted into the spiritual "Goin' Home" was played by this instrument at the opening of the Largo second movement of Dvořák's New World Symphony.

St John Passion

A mezzo-soprano sings "Es ist vollbracht" at this work's climax, the moment of crucifixion.

Ludwig van Beethoven

A mighty 4/4 fugue accompanies the words "In gloria Dei patris, Amen" in his second mass, in (*) D major, whose Gloria and Sanctus were posthumously premiered in Russia thanks to his patron Prince Galitzin.

J. S. Bach's cello suites

A movement from the fifth of these pieces, which calls for scordatura, was played on the first anniversary of 9/11.

piano sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven

A movement in A-flat major and 2/4 time marked Adagiocantabile appears in the eighth of these, which is in C minor.

fireworks displays

A musical depiction of these things opens with rippling triplet 32nds from F to B-flat swelling to a black-keyglissando, and ends with echoes of La Marseillaise clashing with low tremolos.

fanfares

An opening woodwind duet was added to a B-flat major piece in this genre when it was reincorporated into the composer's third and final symphony, the so-called "Great American Symphony."

blue

An opera character named for this colour asks a woman "are you afraid?" before a (*) "blood motif" is heard.

(Republic of) Cuba (The first clue refers to Machito, and the third clue refers to Mongo Santamaria.)

A musician from this country recorded a hit 1962 version of Herbie Hancock's "Watermelon Man" on his album of the same title.

piano

A musician who played this instrument played a Billy Strayhorn standard about going to "Sugar Hill, way up in Harlem."

piano

A musician who played this instrument recorded a solo version of "Danny Boy" in his album Time Remembered and is best known for leading a trio with (*) Scott LaFaro and Paul Motian ("motion").

Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 in D minor, Op. 125 "Choral"

A passage in 3/4 time comes in between a variation in 4/4 and one in 12/8 in this symphony's B-flat major slow third movement, which features a prominent horn solo for the fourth player.

Charles Ives

A pastiche of Civil War songs makes up much of a movement that this composer set at "The Saint-Gaudens," which is followed by one at "Putnam's Camp."

Hector Berlioz

A percussion section including four tam-tams and sixteen timpani is used in this composer's Requiem, which has parts for four offstage brass bands.

bagatelles

A perpetuum mobile piece in this genre commonly misattributed to Franz Schubert is Francois Schubert's The Bee.

Franz Liszt

A piano piece by this composer opens in 3/8 time in the second bar of a 4-bar hypermeasure with the left hand repeating fast low E eighth notes, then stacking perfect fifths on them to imitate a man tuning a violin.

bagatelles

A piano piece in this genre likely depicts the wife of Johann Hummel in the 3/8 opening's rapid alternations between sixteenth note Es and D-sharps.

nocturnes

A piano piece of this type dedicated to Madame Camille Pleyel opens with slow, wide E-flat major broken chords while the right hand leaps up from B-flat to G.

Franz Liszt

A piano sonata by this composer begins with a series of descending octave tritones symbolizing a descent into hell.

The Shining

A piece by Penderecki plays in this film when a bigwheel rider turns the corner to see identical twins.

double bass

A piece by another player of this instrument was posthumously premiered under the baton of Gunther Schuller in 1989 and is 4,235 measures long.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

A piece by this composer quotes the chansonette Il faut s'amuser, danser, et rire and includes a three-note phrase referencing the name of the soprano Desiree Artot.

(Jakob Ludwig) Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy

A piece by this composer that quotes the Hallelujah Chorus in its final Presto movement was partly inspired by the Walpurgis night from Faust.

Johann Pachelbel

A piece by this composer was catapulted to fame by Jean-Francois Paillard's 1968 recording.

serialism

A piece composed with this technique includes "gamelanÂstyle" rhythmic shifts, "kotoÂstyle" guitar playing, and has lyrics about a "red caravan on the edge of a nail."

piano duet

A piece for this ensemble includes the movements "KittyÂWaltz" and "MiÂaÂou."

viola

A piece for this instrument and orchestra contains a movement called "Orgy of the Brigands" and was written at the request of Niccolò Paganini.

The Divine Comedy

A piece from the Italian year of Années de pèlerinage (ah-NAY duh pell-ree-NAHZH) was titled "After Reading" this poem's writer.

Poland

A piece from this country scored for 48 string instruments, Polymorphia, uses its composer's system of graphic notation in which note length is determined by the physical length of horizontal lines.

piano trios

A piece in this genre by Tchaikovsky with a pezzo elegiaco first movement was subtitled "In Memory of a Great Artist" in reference to Nikolai Rubinstein.

string quartets by Ludwig van Beethoven

A piece in this genre by this composer has seven movements and opens with a fugue whose subject begins "G-sharp, B-sharp, C-sharp, A."

Franz Joseph Haydn

An opus 10 collection (emphasize) dedicated to this composer contains pieces nicknamed "Spring" and "Hunt."

cello concerto

A piece in this genre opens with a tutti chord and a theme in triplets that ends with an eighth-note E, a half-note F, and resolves back to E; that three-note figure then repeats an octave lower.

Latin masses

A piece in this nonÂsymphony genre is nicknamed for its dramatic use of the timpani.

World War I

A piece inspired by this historical event features a youth choir chanting stock phrases like "I am quite well," which were projected in the Royal Albert Hall during its premiere.

Jean Sibelius

A piece made for the 1899 Press Celebrations by this composer features a "hymn" melody that was adapted into "Be Still My Soul."

fireworks displays

A piece meant to be paired with a display of these things features a "Largo alla siciliana" called "La Paix."The last piece in the second book of Debussy's Preludes depicts these things, during Bastille Day.

trumpets

A piece misattributed to Purcell is a "Tune" titled for this instrument by Jeremiah Clarke, whose Prince of Denmark's March is often named for it.

fanfares

A piece of this type named for Sokol is played on nine trumpets to open Janacek's Sinfonietta.

piano four hands

A piece originally for this ensemble is based on "Bártfai emlék," a czardas.

China

A piece that sets poetry from this country ends with sprinkles of mandolin, harp, and celesta over sustained chords in the rest of the orchestra, above which the alto soloist repeats the word "ewig" ("AY-vig").

serialism

A piece written with this technique has an ensemble built on a continuum of timbre from alto voice and alto (*) flute through vibraphone and xylorimba, and has movements like "L'artisanat furieux."

string quartets

A pioneering one of these groups was led by Ignaz Schuppanzigh.

drums

A player of this instrument collaborated with Duke Ellington and Charles Mingus on the tracks "Very Special" and "Fleurette Africaine" for the album Money Jungle.

sitar

A player of this instrument collaborated with Philip Glass on the album Passages.

trumpets

A player of this instrument composed the oratorio Blood on the Fields and is the Artistic Director for Jazz at Lincoln Center.

piano

A player of this instrument released "Ruby My Dear" and "Epistrophy" on one of his many EPs titled Genius of Modern Music.

piano

A player of this instrument released the best-selling solo jazz album in history, a recording of an hour-long improvised performance in the Cologne opera house.

piano

A player of this instrument wrote the songs "Peace" and "Sister Sadie" for the album Blowin' the Blues Away and another song whose bossa nova-inspired ostinato is quoted in Steely Dan's "Rikki Don't Lose That Number."

drums

A player of this instrument, who was secretly recorded yelling obscenities at band members on his tour bus, often ended concerts with his (*) "West Side Story Medley."

playing an instrument with the left hand only

A plus sign was used in Variation 9 of Paganini's 24th Caprice to mark this kind of pizzicato, which is often used while bowing long notes.

Franz Liszt

A poem by Alfonse-Marie de Lamartine inspired a work by this composer that a portrayed a subject by varying a descending half-step, ascending perfect fourth motive in his symphonic poem Les (*) Préludes ["LAY PRAY-loods"].

Claude Debussy

A poem by Stephen Mallarmé inspired this composer to write a piece which opens with a solo (*) flute playing an almost-chromatic scale from a C sharp down an augmented fourth.

string quartets

A popular American one of these groups includes Lawrence Duttonand Eugene Drucker as members.

trumpets

A popular arrangement by Henry Wood adds strings and this instrument to a piece by the first organist of the rebuilt St Paul's Cathedral.

Charles Ives

A ppp (triple piano) string chorale slowly shifts between widely spaced, non-dominant, diatonic chords to form the static background of a piece by this composer.

piano sonatas by Beethoven

A rapid arpeggio starting with an ascending "G-sharp C-sharp E G-sharp" begins a stormy theme in the Presto agitato third movement of one of these pieces, its composer's Opus 27 No. 2.

swan

A recent Rolf Wallin string quartet is titled for these animals, whilst a recording of them features in the third movement of Rautavaara's Cantus Arcticus.

The Song of the Earth

A refrain meaning "Dark is life, dark is death" is pitched a semitome higher each time it appears in the first movement of this piece.

clocks

A representation ofone of these things provides the transition between the Adagio third movement and the fugal finale of a Strauss tonepoem about a mother, father, and child.

Spain

A rhapsody titled for this country by Emmanuel Chabrier (shah-bree-AY) opens by imitating a strumming guitar.

World War I

A sacred piece about this conflict sets poems such as"Strange Meeting" and "Anthem for Doomed Youth", both by Wilfred Owen.

pharaoh

A saxophonist who took this first name joined John Coltrane's band in 1965 and influenced it to play a free jazz style.

Jean Sibelius

A scherzo marked "Vivacissimo" continues without pause into the finale of this composer's Symphony No. 2 in D major, written two years before his D minor violin concerto.

Steve Reich

An unplugged vibraphone is used to mark sections of another piece by this composer which is based on a cycle of eleven chords.

Robert Schumann

An unresolved C-sharp dominant 7 chord, which ends the rst song of one of this composer's cycles, has an ambiguous A-major or F-sharp-minor tonality.

piano sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven

András Schiff (ON-drahsh SHEEF) gave a lecture-recital series on these pieces at London's Wigmore Hall.

The Well-Tempered Clavier

Angela Hewitt's "world tour" in 2007 and 2008 was primarily devoted to complete performances of this work.

J. S. Bach's cello suites

Anne Teresa de Keersmaeker choreographed a performance of these pieces in which five dancers encircle the performer, Jean-Guihen Queyras ("zhahn-ghee-EN kay-ROSS"), who also performed these pieces in a space designed for them by Zaha Hadid.

Hungary

Another composer developed micropolyphony in pieces such as Atmospheres after fleeing the Soviet invasion of this country.

Italy

Another composer from this country depicted his visit to a snake research facility in his (*) Brazilian Impressions and composed three suites based on Renaissance lute pieces.

France

Another composer from this country wrote a piano suite that dedicated each movement to a friend who had died fighting in World War I, and titled it for another composer from this country, (*) Couperin ["coo-pair-AHN"].

Italy

Another composer from this country wrote a polyphonic mass that nevertheless sets the Gloria and Credo largely in homophonic texture.

France

Another composer who worked in this country set many of his hundreds of poems, such as those from his collection Remedy of Ill Fortune, to music and wrote a double hocket titled "David."

John Adams

Another composer with this name wrote a "memory space" for orchestra, children's choir, and a tape that reads the names of deceased people.

Camille Saint-Saens

Another movement in that piece parodies (*) music critics of his time by quoting tunes such as "Twinkle, twinkle little star" on xylophone.

Quartet for the End of Time

Another movement is based on (*) the sixth mode of limited transposition, a practice that the composer outlined in his treatise The Technique of My Musical Language.

Alban Berg

Another of his operas depicts an arrest, trial, and imprisonment with a silent film.

Sergei (Sergeyevich) Prokofiev

Another of his piano concertos is in five movements, the third of a which is a tiny Toccata.

George Frideric Handel

Another of his pieces includes a third-act "Dead March" thatdepicts the funeral procession of Saul.

Jean Sibelius

Another of his pieces initially disguised its patriotic title to avoid Russian censorship.

piano

Another of its players, Oscar Peterson, cried and gave it up for two months when he thought he couldn't be as good as Art Tatum.

drums

Another of them is featured in a tani avartanam. An instrument of this kind regulates the changing irama of Central Javanese Gamelan.

Symphonies by Franz Joseph Haydn

Another one of these works begins with all instruments playing E-B-E-D-flat and contains an unusual second movement minuet and a slow third movement that the composer asked to be played at his funeral.

violin concerto

Another one of these works was originally meant to be four movements, but the composer replaced the planned Scherzo with a "feeble Adagio."

piano four hands

Another piece for this ensemble was dedicated to the Godebski family by Maurice Ravel.

oratorios

Another piece in this genre includes a "Dead March."

Latin masses

Another piece in this genre was recycled as its composer's Davide penitente.

piano

Another player of this instrument composed a standard whose name comes from its twelve-bar C major chord progression, "C Jam Blues."

pipe organs

Another set of works composed for this instrument was dedicated to Charles-Valentin Alkan and was designed to show off the capabilities of a new Cavaille-Coll designed instrument (*) acquired by the composer.

Dmitri (Dmitriyevich) Shostakovich

Another symphony by him was inspired by the Nazi invasion of a certain city and features a 22-bar snare drum "invasion theme."

Carl Nielsen

Another symphony by this composer opens with the same A played 26 times.

Poland

Anton Rubinstein described two pieces from this country in A major and C minor as the "glory" and "tragedy" of this country; those stylized dances are nicknamed "Military" and "Heroic."

toccata

Aram Khachaturian (kah-chah-TOO-ree-ahn) wrote an E-flat-minor piece of this type for solo piano that was meant to form a three-part suite with a waltz-capriccio and a dance.

Leningrad Symphony

A section of this piece contains a pastiche combining a theme from the composer's earlier Nikolai Leskov-inspired opera with the song "You'll Find Me at Maxim's" from Franz Lehhár's The Merry Widow; that section of this piece is a 22-bar march that repeats twelve times, with each instance adding more instruments and volume.

"Surprise" Symphony

A section of this work was inserted to outshine a competing concert series by its composer's former student Ignaz Pleyel.

cantatas

A secular one of these pieces opens with the line "Be still, stop chattering!" and one of them nicknamed for hunting contains an aria played at many weddings titled "Sheep May Safely Graze."

Sergei Rachmaninov

A series of forte fortissimo C♯ minor chords, each followed by a three note cadential motif, open the third of this composer's (*) Morceaux de Fantasie, and he used "La Folia" as the theme for his Corelli Variations.

bagatelles

A set of five pieces of this type for clarinet and piano were made by Gerald Finzi, while six of these pieces for string quartet make up Anton Webern's Opus 9.

piano four hands

A set of pieces for this ensemble depicting Petit mari, petite femme, Blind Man's Bluff, and other games was written by Georges Bizet.

string quartets by Franz Joseph Haydn

A set of six of these pieces, which includes ones nicknamed "Sunrise," "Fifths," and "Emperor," was dedicated to Count Erdödy ("AIR-der-dee") and labeled Opus 76.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (GUR-tuh)

A setting of one of this author's poems begins with G octaves in the piano's right hand, and is about a son who is tempted to die while his father rushes away from the Erlking.

Spain

A seven-movement work that is [emphasize] set in this country begins with the bell of the Ave Maria and ends with the retreat of a military night watch.

piano sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven

A short F-sharp major one of these pieces is nicknamed "à Thérèse," and an E-flat major one is nicknamed "Hunt."

concert band

A six-movement piece for this ensemble includes movements called "Lord Melbourne" and "Rufford Park Poachers."

two pianists

A six-movement work for this combination of players closes with "Le pas espagnol" and includes a "KittyWaltz".

timpani

A sliding foot pedal is used to tune this instrument.

Goldberg Variations

A slow section of this piece in G minor, the parallel key, was described as its "black pearl" by Wanda Landowska (Vanda lan-DOFF-skah), who was the first to record it on period instrumentation.

bassoon

A slow, bittersweet tenor aria opens with this instrument, over B-flat minor arpeggios, playing the steady notes F, down to five B-flats, followed by a fast A and C.

Spain

A snare drum ostinato opens a repetitive piece by Ravel inspired by a dance from this country.

French horn

A soli for this instrument opens Mahler's Symphony No. 3.

nocturnes

A solo French horn plays the fanfare-like rising notes [read slowly] "B, short B, long E; B E F-sharp, F-sharp, G-sharp" to open a movement of this type in Mendelssohn's Incidental Music to Midsummer Night's Dream.

bassoon

A solo by this instrument begins "The Adoration of the Earth," the first section of Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring.

violoncello

A solo for this instrument opens Berlioz's orchestration of Invitation to the Dance.

timpani

A solo for this instrument opens the last variation before the fugue in The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra.

French horn

A solo for this instrument opens the second piano concerto by (*) Johannes Brahms, who wrote an E-flat trio for it, violin, and piano.

Hector Berlioz

A solo trombone and the full ensemble trade off playing in the second part of that symphony by this composer, whose finale is titled Apotheosis.

fugue

A sonata in this genre begins with the rising six-note motive G - B-flat - E flat - Fsharp- B-flat - C-sharp, and was purportedly inspired by a cat walking on Domenico Scarlatti's harpsichord.

Spring

A sonata with this nickname contains a minute-long third movement scherzo and trio, and was dedicated to Count Moritz von Fries.

George Gershwin

A song composed by this musician is the origin of a 32-bar chord progression whose B section consists of seventh chords on scale degrees 3, 6, 2, and 5; that progression is the basis of many songs by other musicians, including "Anthropology" and "Cotton Tail."

France

A song from this country, "The Armed Man," is the cantus firmus for many masses.

cello

A soprano and eight of these instruments play Bachianas Brasileiras No. 5 by Heitor Villa-Lobos (ay-TOR vee-luh-LOH-boos).

flamenco (This question translates the Spanish golpeador, Paco de Lucía's "Entre dos aguas," palmas, and cante jondo.)

A standard rhythm originally from this style is traditionally counted [read slowly] "one two THREE four five SIX seven EIGHT nine TEN eleven TWELVE," with the strongest accent on twelve.

Leoš Janáček (LEH-ohsh YAH-naw-check)

A stepmother drowns a baby in ice in his opera Jenůfa (yeh-NOO-fah), which is based on the inflections of Czech speech.

Gabriel Fauré

A suite for piano four-hands by this composer of (*) Masques et bergamasques contains a movement that was named for the dedicatee's attempts to pronounce her brother's name; that dedicatee was the daughter of his mistress.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

A symphonic poem by this composer contains a "fanfare motif" of trombones and muted trumpets that is reprised in the last movement to depict a shipwreck.

Poland

A symphony by a composer from this country begins with a bass ostinato on low F that is repeated throughout all the movements except the third.

Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich

A symphony by this composer begins with cellos and basses playing rising and falling (*) minor sixths before violins and violas enter.

Ridolfo Luigi Boccherini

A symphony by this composer has a D minor finale based on a chaconne from Gluck's Don Juan, and is subtitled "Della casa del diavolo".

Johannes Brahms

A symphony by this composer is based around a "D C-sharp D" motif introduced in the first movement by the cellos and basses; that motif was first used in a piece he wrote for Bertha Faber's second son.

Carl Nielsen

A symphony by this composer opens with four quiet notes on the glockenspiel ("GLOCK-en-shpeel").

Felix Mendelssohn

A symphony by this composer opens with the violas playing a slow, transposed version of the four-note first theme of the finale of the Jupiter Symphony.

Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich

A symphony by this composer reached the site of its Western premiere in a tin can by way of Tehran, Cairo, and South America.

Charles Ives

A symphony called The Camp Meeting and the Concord Sonata are by, for 10 points, what American composer of Three Places in New England?

E minor

A symphony in this key, whose second movement "Largo" in common time features a famous English horn solo, was influenced by Native American music and African-American spirituals, and was subtitled "From the New World" by its composer Dvorak.

The Divine Comedy

A symphony inspired by this poem ends in a shimmering Magnificat for women's chorus; that piece's dedicatee, Richard Wagner, convinced its composer, Franz Liszt, not to attempt a third movement.

5

A symphony of this number subtitled "A Soviet Artist'sResponse to Justified Criticism" was written by Dmitri Shostakovich.

Spring

A symphony with this nickname sets "Out on the lawn I lie in bed" by W. H. Auden amidst a bevy of Renaissance and 17th-century poems.

symphony

A ten-minute-long piece in this genre comprises a slow movement marked "Ruhig schreitend" (ROO- eek SHRYE-tint) and a fast theme-and-variations movement.

festivals

A tenor trombone solo depicts a drunkard in the final movement of one work named after this type of event.

piano sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven

A tenth leap features in a 3-voice allegro risoluto fugue that ends one of these pieces.

trumpet

A theme Tchaikovsky heard daily in Rome inspired the opening duet of these instruments in (*) Capriccio Italien.

string quartet

A theme from the third movement minuet of one of these pieces quotes its composer's song based on the Schiller poem "Die Gotter Griechenlands" ("dee GOT-er GREE-ken-lahnts"); that piece was dedicated to (*) Ignaz Schuppanzigh ("EEG-nots SHOO-pont-sick"), who led one of these ensembles.

Bach

A third composer with this surname included a series of easy pieces in a "notebook" he gave to his wife Anna Magdalena.

Also sprach Zarathustra ("ALL-zoh shprock tsah-rah-TOOS-trah")

A tone poem based on this book features a fugue on all 12 pitches in the movement "Of Science," an unresolved B major and C major conflict, a "world riddle," and a rising C G C brass fanfare, or "dawn motif," that opens 2001: A Space Odyssey.

Music for the Royal Fireworks

A traffic jam was caused by a rehearsal of this piece at Vauxhall (VAWKS-all) Gardens that attracted twelve thousand paying customers.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Requiem in D minor

A trombone solo occurs in this piece's Tuba mirum, which is in B-flat like its final three movements; however, like Verdi's piece in the same genre, this piece's tonic key is D minor.

Charles Ives

A trumpet is the only brass instrument in one work by this composer that uses an (*) offstage string orchestra playing triple piano the entire piece; that work, The Unanswered Question, was originally paired with his Central Park in the Dark.

piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

A turbulent theme is sandwiched by a serene B-flat major one in the "Romanze" second movement of the twentieth of these pieces, one of only two in a minor key.

Renaissance masses

A very long piece of this type based on a devotional song popular in Tyrol is dedicated to "tender Maria," and was composed by Jacob Obrecht.

Charles Ives

A very short song by this composer alternates between the two whole tone scales and ends with a boy wondering "is life anything like that?"

Ralph Vaughan Williams

A violin represents a bird from a George Meredith poem in this man's best-known piece.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

A violin solo accompanied by harp represents the title character, and a solo bassoon represents the Kalendar Prince, in a tone poem by this composer that begins with "The Sea and Sinbad's Ship."

Quartet for the End of Time

A violin solo begins the final movement of this piece entitled "Praise to the Immortality of Jesus," while the movement "Abyss of Birds" features a slow clarinet solo.

piano

A virtuoso of one style on this instrument was effectively blind, but nonetheless had an encyclopedic memory of baseball statistics; another player of this instrument, Oscar Peterson, quit playing it for two months after hearing that master of the Stride style, Art Tatum, play his seemingly impossible "Tiger Rag."

Republic of Turkey

A vivace theme evoking this country was first used in the composer's Six Variations on an Original Theme before it was reused for a play by August von Kotzebue.

Hungary

A work for tenor, chorus, and orchestra by that composer used the words of Psalm 55 as a metaphor for the sufferings of this country.

cantatas

A work of this type contains a chorale based on a hymn by Philipp Nicolai and is entitled (*) Wachet auf ("VAH-khet OWFF"), or "Sleepers Awake."

the creation of the world

A work titled for this event suddenly transitions from a quiet C minor overture on a loud C major chord accompanying the word licht, or "light," and opens with a "Representation of Chaos."

"Sabre Dance"

A xylophone solo over strings in this piece is punctuated by trombone glissandi.

clarinet(s)

Aaron Copland wrote a concerto for this instrument that was intended for Benny Goodman.

bassoon

Accompanied by harp and muted strings, this instrument also introduces the main melody of the Berceuse from The Firebird.

The Firebird

According to Taruskin, the leit-harmonie ("light-harmony") of an evil character in this ballet alternates major and minor thirds.

Latin masses

Adorno described one piece in this genre as an "Alienated Masterpiece."

The Planets, Op. 32

Adrian Boult made sixrecordings of this work, and led its premiere performances.

the creation of the world

African mythology was the source of inspiration of a jazz-influenced ballet titled for this event by Darius Milhaud ("dar-YOOS mee-YO").

Maurice Ravel

After Paul Wittgenstein lost his right hand during World War I, this man dedicated his Piano Concerto for the Left Hand to him.

bassoon

After a somber introduction in the clarinet and strings in Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 5, this instrument and the clarinet play the first main theme.

Bach

After moving to London, a composer with this surname organized a series of popular public concerts with Carl Friedrich Abel.

piccolo

After the cornet solo thatopens the first movement of Prokofiev's Lieutenant Kijé, this instrument plays the movement's main melody,accompanied by a side drum.

Glenn Gould

Alberto Guerrero taught this player the "finger tapping" technique he pioneered.

Alexander (Porfiryevich) Borodin

Alexander Glazunov reconstructed the overture to this composer's unfinished opera about a prince whofights off a Polovstian invasion.

preludes

Alexander Siloti is best known for transposing one of these pieces down from E minor to B minor in his piano arrangement.

Sergei Rachmaninov

Alexander Warenberg arranged one of this composer's symphonies into a concertante work for piano and orchestra he dubbed this composer's fifth piano concerto.

string quartets by Béla Bartók

All four movements of the last of these pieces have a slow Mesto introduction.

Clara Schumann

Along with Franz Liszt, this pianist popularized the practice of performing from memory, and premiered another composer's Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel.

English horn

Along with the violas, this instrument introduces the love theme in Tchaikovsky's Romeo and Juliet Fantasy Overture.

French horn

Alongside the tenor Peter Pears (peers), Dennis Brain played this instrument at the premiere of that serenade by Benjamin Britten; Brain also popularized the second of Richard Strauss's concerti for it.

Gustav Mahler

Although he is not Elgar, Janet Baker and Sir John Barbirolli created a well-received recording of this man's lieders, and this man included "Um Mitternacht" and "Liebst du um Schönheit" in a song collection based on poems by (*) Friedrich Ruckert.

violin concerto

Although it is not a string quartet, Bartok's early work of this type is in two movements thought to represent himself and Stefi Geyer.

Damnation of Faust

Although it's not part of Songs and Dances of Death, Modest Mussorgsky wrote a song that was inspired by this subject for soprano voice, although it is now mostly sung by bass.

Indonesia

An 1889 performance of an ensemble from this country partially inspired Claude Debussy's use of the whole-tone scale and his musical piece "Pagodas."

bagatelles

An A minor Albumblatt discovered by Ludwig Nohl is more commonly called the 25th piece in this genre by a certain composer.

Niccolo Paganini

An A minor piece by this composer inspired variations by Brahms and a rhapsody by Rachmaninov.

piano sonatas by Beethoven

An Allegro assai in 12/8 time opens an F minor piece of this type, a huge hit from its composer's "middle period".

Cello concerto

An Arvo Pärt composition in this genre was so well received on its premiere that the entire piece was repeated; that work was (*) Pro et Contra.

trumpet

An E major concerto for it is often transposed to E-flat major to make it easier to play.

trumpet

An E-flat major concerto for its short-lived keyed variety was written by Joseph Haydn.

piano sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven

An E-flat major horncall imitationrepresents the word "Lebewohl" in one of these works.

cello concerto

An EMI recording of that E minor work of this type was conducted by Sir John Barbirolli.

concert overtures

An EÂmajor piece in this genre begins with four mysterious chords in the winds and includes a theme that imitates a (*) donkey's braying.

pipe organs

An F major concerto for this instrument is nicknamed The Cuckoo and the Nightingale, and J.S. Bach supposedly walked over 400km to Lubeck to listen to Dietrich Buxtehude play this instrument.

piano duet

An FÂminor piece for this ensemble is played entirely attacca, has a slow movement and scherzo in FÂsharp minor, and reprises its first movement before its closing fugue.

cantatas

An adaptation of a score [emphasize] into a work of this type by Prokofiev contains movements such as "The Field of the Dead" and was reworked from his film score for Alexander Nevsky.

string bass

An album by a player of this instrument has tracks including "Track A - Solo Dancer."

The Unfinished Symphony

An allegro moderato theme opening (read slowly, with pauses) "G low D G F-sharp G F A" is played by the cellos in this symphony's first movement.

A Love Supreme

An alternate take of that track from this album added Art Davis and Archie Shepp.

Dmitri (Dmitriyevich) Shostakovich

10 in E minor.

Messiah

An aria for bass in this work features long melismatic phrases on the word "changed" and contains a difficult trumpet solo that is often played today on piccolo trumpet.

Appalachian Spring

An arrangement of music from this work ends with a coda in which stepwise descending string passages are to be played "like a prayer."

Brazil

An artist from this country wrote the wordless song "September," sometimes called this country's "wedding song," on an album whose title translates to "New Time"; that artist from this country is Ivan Lins (ee-VAHN LEENSS).

Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich

An early collection of songs by this composer quotes a poem that describes how "the alien colors / fall off like threadbare scales" to reveal a beautiful painting.

string quartets by Ludwig van Beethoven

An ensemble led by Ignaz Schuppanzigh (EEG-nots SHOO-pont-sick) premiered many of the late examples of these pieces.

Aram Khachaturian

An excerpt from one of this composer's ballets includes trombone glissandi from F down to D and opens with piercing F-sharp eighth notes in the xylophone.

circuses

An extravagant xylophone solo features in a Gustav Peter piece written in memory of one of these places.

piano

An innovative player of this instrument wrote the modal waltz "I-Thou" on his album Cathexis, but eschewed doing jazz full-time to pursue a career in psychiatry.

Messiah

An instrumental section in this work is in 12/8 time and opens with a rising violin melody from C to A while the basses play a drone on C.

flamenco (This question translates the Spanish golpeador, Paco de Lucía's "Entre dos aguas," palmas, and cante jondo.)

An instrumentalist in this style had a hit in the '70s with a song whose name translates as "between two waters."

Hector Berlioz

An offstage oboe trades off playing with an English horn at the beginning of a movement this composer set "In the Fields."

Renaissance masses

An oft-imitated, anonymous piece of this type is named for the melisma it has on the word "caput."

French Horn

An oft-quoted (^) Romanze movement from one of those pieces is marked cantabile throughout.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

A "Fandango asturiano" and two "Alborada" movements are part of his Capriccio Espagnol.

The Divine Comedy

A "Fantasia quasi Sonata" inspired by this poem begins with a series of left hand octaves descending by tritones.

Republic of Turkey

A "stop" named for this country sometimes adorned early 19th century pianos.

Antonio Vivaldi

A 12-section choral work by this composer opens with trumpet, oboe, and strings leaping between two octave Ds in a low-high-low-low pattern and was lost until the 1920s.

Johannes Brahms

A 2/4 Presto ma non assai theme interrupts the third movement of this composer's second symphony, which starts Allegretto grazioso (quasi andantino).

Republic of Turkey

A 2/4 section interrupting the finale of Mozart's 5th violin concerto gave it a nickname referencing this country.

Cello concerto

A 20-year-old Jacqueline du Pré recorded Elgar's E Minor work in, for 10 points, what genre of piece for orchestra and string soloist?

suites

A BÂminor piece in this genre was paired with the (*) Italian Concerto in the second volume of Bach's ClavierÂÜbung.

preludes

A C minor piece of this kind built on quarter note chords was the basis of 22 variations by Rachmaninov.

flutes

A Canadian musician often called "Dragon" [this instrument], Ron Korb, plays many instruments from this family from around the world, such as the Chinese xiao ("shyow").

piano duet

A CÂmajor piece for this ensemble was once thought to be a draft of its composer's lost Gastein Symphony, and was orchestrated by Joseph Joachim ("YOÂzef YAWÂkhim").

oboes

A D minor concerto for this instrument is the best-known work by Baroque composer (*) Alessandro Marcello.

English horn

A French critic mistakenly invokes Haydn as a precedent for why this transposing instrument doesn't belong in a symphony, but solos for it open Vincent d'Indy's ("van-SAWN dan-DEE's") Symphony on a French Mountain Air and the second movement of César Franck's ("say-zar fronk's") Symphony in D minor.

piano trios

A G major piece in this genre by Joseph Haydn is nicknamed for its Rondo finale, which uses left-hand pizzicatos to imitate Hungarian verbunkos music and is nicknamed "Gypsy."

Niccolo Paganini

A G minor piece by this composer in 3/4 time consists of nothing but sixteenth notes played legato from start to finish.

piano

A Montreal-born player of this instrument, often called its "Maharaja," formed a trio with Herb Ellis and Ray Brown that recorded an album at the Stratford Shakespeare Festival.

Cello concerto

A Sofia Gubaidulina work of this type requires a performer to put down their instrument and play a bass drum instead.

flutes

A South Indian instrument from this family called the venu has a North Indian equivalent called the bansuri, which features in the origin story of the rasa lila dance.

viola

A William Walton concerto for this instrument, dedicated "to Christabel," was commissioned by Lionel Tertis.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

A ballet dedicated to this composer opens with a section titled "Preghiera" (preh-gee-"AIR"-ah) with music based on Franz Liszt's transcription of this composer's Ave verum corpus.

Spain

A ballet from this country includes a "Dance of terror" and a "Song of the will-o'-the-wisp."

Brazil

A black and a mixed-race child sit on a roadside on the cover of an iconic album from this country whose name means "the corner club"; that album is by Milton Nascimento (MEEL-tone nah-see-MAIN-too) and Lô Borges (BOR-zhiss).

piccolo

A black cat plays this instrument in Lucifer's Dance in Karlheinz Stockhausen's Licht.

Charles Ives

A block of wood is used to play a cluster chord in this composer's sonata that has movements named after the Alcotts and Thoreau.

The Song of the Earth

A book by Hans Bethge was the source of the texts for this work, whose movements "Of Youth," "Of Beauty," and "The Drunkard in Spring" are based on poems by Li Bai.

St John Passion

A broken harpsichord threatened to disrupt the premiere of this piece at the Nikolaikirche in Leipzig.

5

A cadential 6/4 ["six four"] chord has this scale degree in the bass.Beethoven's Sixth Symphony has this many movements.

harp

A cadenza for it opens the "Waltz of the Flowers" in the Nutcracker.

China

A cantata from this country inspired a piano concerto that quotes "L'Internationale" in its finale titled "Defend [a river in this country]."

London

A chamber orchestra in this city recorded the full set of Mozart's piano concertos with Daniel Barenboim as soloist.

swan

A character in a Wagner opera leaves Brabant in a boat drawn by these animals after revealing his name is Lohengrin.

Symphony of a Thousand

A children's chorus follows a "surge in E major" by the trombones and trumpets that introduces the "accende lumens sensibus" theme of this symphony.

World War I

A choral piece about this event is scored for a soprano soloist plus full orchestra, tenor and basssoloists plus chamber orchestra, and boys' choir plus organ.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (GUR-tuh)

"Anacreon's Grave" is one of the texts by this author that are set in a cycle of 51 songs by Hugo Wolf (vulf), which opens with three settings of this author's "The Harp Player."

flutes

"End-blown" examples of this instrument include one used for thousands of years in the Middle East called the ney.

Béla Bartók

"Parallel Motion" and various "Unison Melodies" appear in the first book of a collection of piano pieces by this composer, which he dedicated to his son Peter.

New England

"Putnam's Camp" is the second movement of Charles Ives's Orchestral Set No. 1, which is titled after "three places" in this region whose writers inspired Ives's Concord Sonata.

Charles Ives

"The Rock Strewn Hills" is the setting of the second movement of this composer's Orchestral Set No. 2.

Jean Sibelius (sih-BAY-lee-us)

"The Silence of Järvenpää (YAIR-ven-PA)" refers to this composer's lack of productivity after his Seventh Symphony, though he continued some themes in the symphonic poem Tapiola.

Ma vlast

"Ye Who Are Warriors of God," a Hussite hymn, is quoted twice in this work.

Mass

(*) Nine poems by Wilfred Owen appear in a form of one of these works by Benjamin Britten, and Jackie Kennedy commissioned Leonard Bernstein to write one featuring "I Go On" before the Sanctus.

Fugue

(*) The last movement of Beethoven's String Quartet No.13 in B-flat major was originally in this form before it was replaced with a simpler finale to appease critics.

Symphony No. 40 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

(*) This symphony is linked to "storm and stress" due to its key and the composer's turmoil, debt, and misfortune as, despite a burst of inspiration, plans to premiere his last 3 symphonies in summer 1788 fell through.

pipe organs

Aristide Cavaillé-Coll's (ah-ree-STEED KAH-vah-yay-CULL's) innovative versions of these instruments inspired composers like Louis Vierne (vee-AIRN), who suddenly died while playing one.

pipe organs

As a young man, J. S. Bach walked on foot to Lübeck to hear Dietrich Buxtehude (BOOKS-tuh-HOO-duh) play this instrument.

(Jakob Ludwig) Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy

At age 16, he wrote a piece played by a double quartet; part of that string octet is sometimes used in a symphony he wrote for the birthday of his sister Fanny.

sitar

At the 1966 Bath Music Festival, a virtuoso of this instrument recorded the album East Meets West with Yehudi Menuhin ("yeh-HOO-dee MEN-yoo-in").

Jean Sibelius (sih-BAY-lee-us)

At the end of a symphony by this composer, the six primary chords of the main theme are played emphatically, each two bars apart, and it features a horn theme inspired by swans taking flight.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Requiem in D minor

At the request of the composer's widow Constanze, this piece was completed by Franz Süssmayr.

"Mars, the Bringer of War"

At the start of this movement's coda, the massive dissonant chord (read slowly) "A-flat, D-flat, long G suspended to F, over C" slowly subsides, then returns to ffff (quadruple forte) in spasmodic blows in 3/4.

George Handel's Messiah

Audience members stand in this oratorio's most famous section in a tradition originated by a London performance attended by King George II.

Johann Sebastian Bach

August Wilhelmj (vill-HELL-mee) arranged an air from one of this composer's orchestral suites into a piece to be played on the violin's lowest string.

Christmas

Bach that is actually six cantatas.

dissonance

Bach utilized this musical property to represent the agony of Christ's crucifixion at the end of St. Matthew Passion.

suites

Bach wrote "French" and "English" collections of these pieces.

Mikhail Glinka

Balakirev also wrote a Piano Fantasia inspired by this composer's (*) first opera, about the martyrdom of Ivan Susanin.

cello concerto

Beatrice Harrison first recorded and Felix Salmond first played a piece of this type whose opening recitative marked "nobilmente" begins with the soloist's wide half-note E minor chord.

Edward (William) Elgar

Beatrice Harrison was the soloist on both recordings heconducted of a concerto of his that was popularized by a recording made by John Barbirolli and a 20-year-oldJacqueline Du Pré.

piano trios

Beethoven put many accented chords and extended tremolos in the (*) Largo assai ed espressivo second movement for his fifth work of this type, creating an eerie sound that reminded Carl Czerny [CHAIR-nee] of the ghost of Hamlet's father.

concert overtures

Beethoven used this term to denote the first section of his Grosse Fuge.

concert overtures

Beethoven wrote one of these pieces inspired by the play Coriolan, and three titled Leonore for versions of Fidelio.

timpani(s)

Beethoven's Eighth Symphony requires that these instruments be tuned speci cally to play octave Fs, and in the scherzo of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, this instrument has a brief one-measure solo as the rest of the orchestra is silent.

piano trios

Beethoven's pieces of this type include the "Ghost" as well as a B-flat major piece nicknamed for the dedicatee Rudolf of Austria, an archduke.

piano trios

Beethoven's seventh piece in this genre was dedicated to his student Archduke Rudolph.

piano concertos

Before Leonard Bernstein ("BURN-styne") conducted a piece in this genre, he controversially stated that the exceptionally (*) slow tempi were not suggested by him.

piano duet

Before audio recording, most people knew the orchestral repertoire through transcriptions for this "domestic" ensemble.

requiem mass

Benjamin Britten and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart all set, for 10 points, this traditionally Catholic mass for the dead.

piano duet

Benjamin Britten played Mozart's five sonatas for it with Sviatoslav Richter.

French horn

Benjamin Britten wrote a serenade for tenor, strings, and this instrument.

trumpets

Bernd Alois Zimmermann's concerto for this instrument is based on the spiritual "Nobody knows the trouble I see."

piano études by Frédéric Chopin

Besides the "three new" ones, they were published as Opus 10 and Opus 25.

piano

Bill Cunliffe based his style on a player of this instrument who was commemorated by another of its players on the song "In Walked Bud."

trumpets

Both the standard form of this instrument and a "low" form of it are used in Charpentier's Te Deum.

Schumann

Brahms and that composer both wrote variations on the sad F-sharp minor fourth piece from Bunte Blätter ("BOON-tuh BLEH-tuh") by a composer with this surname.

piano concertos

Brahms joked that the dark second movement of his second piece in this genre was "a tiny little wisp of a scherzo."

piano duet

Brahms's Opus 39 is a set of sixteen waltzes for this ensemble.

piano trios

Brahms's third piece of this type is a C minor work whose third movement alternates between 3/4 and 2/4, and 9/8 and 6/8, and his first piece of this kind unusually starts in B major and ends in B minor.

festivals

Britten's Variations on a Theme of Frank Bridge was first premiered during one of these events.

piano

Bud Powell played this instrument, as did the composer of "Rhythm-a-Ning," who was touted as the "Genius of Modern Music" by Blue Note Records.

fugue

Buxtehude's nineteen preludes each include one to three sections in this form.

The Well-Tempered Clavier

By age ten, Nadia Boulanger (boo-"lawn"-ZHAY) supposedly memorized the entirety of this work, whose form inspired Dmitri Shostakovich's Opus 87.

cello concerto

Camille Saint-Saëns's ("kuh-MEE san-SAWNS's") first piece of this type in A minor has one continuous movement.

French Horn

Care for this instrument involves the use of (+) rotary oil rather than valve oil, and this instrument represents the Wolf in Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf.

Mexico

Carlo Curti brought this country's "Typical Orchestra" to the New Orleans Cotton Exhibition.

dissonance

Cazden et al. argued that the "expectation" variety of this property has three levels: tone, chord moment, and tonal center.

Antonio Vivaldi

Cellos open a piece by this composer with a bar of slow staccato eighth notes on F, then higher strings join in each successive bar to build up the chord F, G, D-flat, and B-flat with quick mordents.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

Cesar Cui (say-ZAR KYOO-ee) compared this man's First Symphony to "a conservatory in Hell, and one of its students were to compose based on the story of the Ten Plagues of Egypt," leading the derisive charge against it.

drone

Charlemagne Palestine, another minimalist composer who uses these effects, built a "Spectral Continuum Machine" to synthesize them.

pipe organs

Charles Barker developed the first pneumatic lever for this instrument in Church of St. Sulpice.

The Well-Tempered Clavier

Charles Gounod (goo-NOHD) composed his Ave Maria by superimposing a melody over the Prelude in C Major that opens this work, whose title refers to a method of tuning that allows one to play most keys.

toccata

Charles-Marie Widor (SHAR-leh mah-REE VEE-dor) composed one of these pieces for the final movement of his Fi0h Organ Symphony.

(Republic of) Cuba (The first clue refers to Machito, and the third clue refers to Mongo Santamaria.)

Charlie Parker recorded the song "Noise" with a jazz orchestra led by a man from this country, which achieved a big hit in the 1940s with the song "Tanga."

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Chopin wrote a set of variations based on one of this composer's works that inspired Robert Schumann to exclaim "Hats off, gentlemen! A genius!"

nocturnes

Chopin's Opus 9, No. 2 is one of his 21 pieces in this genre invented by John Field.

trombone

Christian Lindberg is well known for experimenting with the cadenza of a concerto for this instrument and military band by (*) Rimsky-Korsakov.

Symphony No. 40 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Chromaticism abounds in this classical symphony, as its first movement's development begins with a series of sinking half-step modulations with F-sharp minor first, and its finale's development begins with a halting, jagged passage that uses every pitch but the tonic.

drone

Circular breathing is needed to create this effect on the didgeridoo.

the solo cello suites of Johann Sebastian Bach

Clara Schumann and Joseph Joachim may have destroyed all but the third of Robert Schumann's piano arrangements of these pieces.

Spain

Claude Debussy used double harmonic scales in the second movement of Estampes (ess-TOMP), which follows an Indonesian-inspired movement and evokes music from this other country.

clarinet(s)

Claude Debussy wrote his Premiere Rhapsodie as an exam piece for students of this instrument at the Paris Conservatory.

string quartets

Clint Mansell's "Lux Aeterna" was written for one of these ensembles, which also commissioned SteveReich's Different Trains.

Miserere mei, Deus

Composed for the Tenebrae Service, this work for two choirs features a difficult top C, and performances of it were initially only permitted in the Sistine Chapel on Good Friday.

piano études by Frédéric Chopin

Composer and genre required.

Renaissance masses

Composers who used (*) "L'homme arme" as a cantus firmus for these kinds of pieces include Guillaume Dufay and Josquin des Prez.

Finland

Conductors from this country include Robert Kajanus ("kah-YAH-noos") and the 1992 to 2009 director of the LA Philharmonic.

string quartets

Count Razumovsky commissioned Beethoven to write works for this sort ofensemble.

Henry Purcell

Cupid sings the aria "What Power art thou" in the "Frost Scene" of this man's opera King Arthur.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

David Helfgott's efforts to tackle this composer's notoriously dif cult third piano concerto are depicted in the lm Shine.

Mexico

Dinah Washington's "What a Diff'rence a Day Made" was adapted from a song by a female composer from this country.

(Republic of) Cuba (The first clue refers to Machito, and the third clue refers to Mongo Santamaria.)

Dizzy Gillespie incorporated a song from this country, "Manteca," into the album Afro, on which he collaborated with Chano Pozo.

wind ensemble

Donald Hunsberger commissioned a piece in this genre that uses crotales, vibraphone, and chimes to create sounds that "hang in the air," that piece is ...and the mountains rising nowhere.

Felix Mendelssohn

Due to its resemblance to a Berlioz piece, the slow movement of this composer's fourth symphony is sometimes called a "Pilgrim's March."

Aram Khachaturian

During an Adagio from one of this composer's ballets, the title character and his wife Phrygia celebrate escaping from captivity.

Beethoven's Fifth Symphony

During its first movement's recapitulation, a solo oboe plays a short cadenza.

piano trios

Dvorak's E minor fourth of these pieces is subtitled for a plaintive Slavic ballad known as a "dumka."

trombone

Dwarf planets name the movements of a Kenyon D. Wilson quintet for these instruments, while those of a concerto by Johan de Meij are titled "Rare", "Medium", and "Well Done".

Edward (William) Elgar

E minor is the key of this composer's Serenade for Strings, Opus 20 and his Cello Concerto.

London

Each summer, this city hosts eight weeks of daily concerts in its Royal Albert Hall.

Duke Ellington

Early in his career, his band's signature song was "East St. Louis Toodle-Oo," an example of his (*) "jungle music."

Robert Schumann

Easy pieces such as "Knecht Ruprecht" and "The Merry Farmer" are found in his Album for the Young.

The Unfinished Symphony

Either a "Philosopher's Scherzo" and "March of Destiny" by August Ludwig, or Brain Newbould's suggestion of edits made from the B minor entr'acte from the composer's incidental music to Rosamunde, are sometimes added to this piece.

sitar

Electric versions of this instrument rely on a "buzz bridge."

Hector Berlioz

Eleven years after it was first serially published, this composer added a chapter on conducting to his Treatise on Instrumentation.

violoncello

Elgar's EÂminor concerto for this instrument was popularized by multiple sclerosis patient Jacqueline du Pré.

string quartets by Béla Bartók

Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge commissioned the fifth of these pieces, whose Allegro vivace finale is interrupted by two instruments laconically playing the same melody a semitone apart, in A and B-flat.

flutes

Examples of the "vessel" type of this family of instruments include the ocarina ("oh-kuh-REE-nuh").

the solo cello suites of Johann Sebastian Bach

Except for the fifth movement, which is either a "Minuet," "Bourree," or a "Gavotte," these pieces all have the same six movement structure.

flamenco (This question translates the Spanish golpeador, Paco de Lucía's "Entre dos aguas," palmas, and cante jondo.)

Extremely fast guitars and castanets typically accompany, for 10 points, what traditional music and dance style of Andalusian gypsies?

Miserere mei, Deus

Famously transcribed from memory by a 14-year-old Mozart - for 10 points, name this setting of Psalm 51 by Gregorio Allegri.

pipe organs

Fanny Mendelssohn's only work for this instrument is Prelude in F Major, which she composed for her own wedding.

piano duet

Fauré's (*) Dolly Suite was written for it.

two pianists

Fauré's Dolly Suite and the non-orchestral version of Ravel's Mother Goose Suiteare for this combination of players, as are the original versions of Schubert's Marches Militaires and Dvorak'sSlavonic Dances.

violin concerto

Felix Mendelssohn's E minor piece of this type broke with classical tradition by having the soloist begin playing the theme almost immediately.

piano concertos

Ferdinand Hiller conducted the premiere of a piece in this genre with a cryptogrammic C B A A motif after a pregnant Clara urged Robert Schumann to expand his Phantasie in A minor by two movements.

Johann Sebastian Bach

Ferruccio Busoni (fair-ROO-choh boo-ZOH-nee) published a multi-volume edition of his work.

violoncello

Five of these instruments open Rossini's William Tell.

Jelly Roll Morton

Fletcher Henderson rearranged a work by this man for Benny Goodman, whose recording of that work established it as a big band jazz standard.

trumpets

Following a short percussion introduction, this instrument plays the rising notes F B-flat F at the beginning of Aaron Copland's Fanfare for the Common Man.

preludes

Footsteps in the Snow and a piece inspired by the Ys legend, The Sunken Cathedral, are among Debussy's pieces of this type.

Mexico

For 10 points, "La Bamba" is a song from what homeland of mariachi music?

drums

For 10 points, Buddy Rich and Gene Krupa played what percussion instrument usually played with two sticks?

double bass

For 10 points, Charles Mingus played the upright form of what low-pitched string instrument?

cantatas

For 10 points, J. S. Bach wrote over 200 of what type of choral works, whose examples include one titled for coffee?

piano duet

For 10 points, Schubert's Grand Duo was written for what oneÂkeyboard ensemble?

pharaoh

For 10 points, a "Hymn to the Sun" is sung by the title holder of what royal position in Philip Glass's Akhnaten?

two violins

For 10 points, a string quartet consists of a cello, a viola, and what group of instruments?

Music for the Royal Fireworks

For 10 points, bad weather ruined some namesake pyrotechnics at the premiere of what George Frideric Handel suite?

John Adams

For 10 points, give this name shared by an Alaskan composer and the composer of On the Transmigration of Souls and Nixon in China.

Spring

For 10 points, give this nickname of Schumann's first symphony, the name of the first of Vivaldi's Four Seasons.

Schumann

For 10 points, give this surname shared by the composer of the Rhenish Symphony, Robert, and his wife Clara.

piano sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven

For 10 points, identify these 32 pieces for keyboard by a German composer, such as "Hammerklavier," "Pathetique," and "Moonlight."

string quartets by Béla Bartók

For 10 points, identify these six chamber pieces by the Hungarian composer of Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta and Concerto for Orchestra.

Gabriel Fauré's Requiem

For 10 points, identify this D minor mass for the dead, written by the French composer of a famous Pavane.

Hungary

For 10 points, identify this home country of György [JURJ] Ligeti, Zoltán Kodály, and Béla Bartók.

A Love Supreme

For 10 points, identify this jazz album by John Coltrane.

bassoon

For 10 points, identify this low-pitched double-reed woodwind.

Georg Philipp Telemann

For 10 points, identify this prolific Baroque composer who wrote Musique de Table, or Tafelmusik.

Bach

For 10 points, identify this surname shared by the composers Johann Christian and Carl Philipp Emanuel, and also their father Johann Sebastian.

Symphonies by Franz Joseph Haydn

For 10 points, name these 104 works by an Austrian composer which are often given nicknames such as "Military" and "Surprise."

Transcendental Études

For 10 points, name these 12 highly-difficult études for solo piano by Franz Liszt.

festivals

For 10 points, name these celebratory events, of which the "Roman" variant was depicted by Respighi.

string quartets

For 10 points, name these chamber music ensembles formed of two violins, a viola, and a cello.

fireworks displays

For 10 points, name these explosive spectacles.

piano sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven

For 10 points, name these keyboard works, which include ones nicknamed "Pathétique" and "Moonlight."

Mass

For 10 points, name these musical compositions that open with a Kyrie and end with the Agnus Dei.

oratorios

For 10 points, name these operaÂlike large sacred choral pieces, exemplified by Handel's Messiah.

piano études by Frédéric Chopin

For 10 points, name these pedagogical piano pieces, such as "Wrong Note" and "Revolutionary," by a Polish composer.

drums

For 10 points, name these percussion instruments that include tablas and bongos.

string quartets by Ludwig van Beethoven

For 10 points, name these pieces for two violins, viola, and cello by the composer of the Pastoral Symphony.

string quartets by Franz Joseph Haydn

For 10 points, name these pieces of chamber music by the Austrian "Father" of their form.

piano trios

For 10 points, name these pieces written for violin, cello, and a namesake keyboard instrument.

piano sonatas by Beethoven

For 10 points, name these pieces, such as "Appassionata" and "Moonlight", that Beethoven wrote for a solo keyboard instrument.

circuses

For 10 points, name these places where "Entry of the Gladiators" might accompany the shenanigans of clowns or acrobats.

Latin masses

For 10 points, name these sacred choral pieces that set the five basic components of the liturgy in Latin.

Renaissance masses

For 10 points, name these sacred choral works, such as Palestrina's Pope Marcellus one.

madrigals

For 10 points, name these secular sung poems contrasted with motets.

nocturnes

For 10 points, name these short musical pieces meant to evoke the night.

the solo cello suites of Johann Sebastian Bach

For 10 points, name these six pieces for a solo string instrument by J.S. Bach.

piano études by Frédéric Chopin

For 10 points, name these studies by a certain Polish composer.

piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

For 10 points, name these twenty-seven pieces by Mozart, for a solo keyboard instrument and orchestra.

violin concerto

For 10 points, name these works for a high-pitched string instrument and orchestra.

string quartets by Franz Joseph Haydn

For 10 points, name these works for four string players by the composer of The Creation.

Lieder by Franz Schubert

For 10 points, name these works which include "Gretchen am Spinnrade", "Der Erlkönig" and the songs from Winterreise.

Antonio Vivaldi

For 10 points, name this "Red Priest" who composed The Four Seasons.

Paul Hindemith ("HIN-duh-mit")

For 10 points, name this 20th-century German composer of Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Carl Maria von Weber, Ludus Tonalis, and an opera about the creator of the Isenheim altarpiece, Mathis der Maler ("MAH-tiss dare MAH-lur").

Samuel Barber

For 10 points, name this American composer of Adagio for Strings.

Charles Ives

For 10 points, name this American insurance salesman and composer of the Concord Sonata.

Anton Bruckner

For 10 points, name this Austrian composer of the "Lyric" Symphony and the "Romantic" Symphony.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

For 10 points, name this Austrian prodigy who composed 27 piano concertos and an un nished Requiem.

Johann Pachelbel

For 10 points, name this Baroque composer who paired a gigue (zeeg) with his Canon in D.

Glenn Gould

For 10 points, name this Canadian pianist who popularized the Goldberg Variations.

(Republic of) Cuba (The first clue refers to Machito, and the third clue refers to Mongo Santamaria.)

For 10 points, name this Caribbean country home to many African-influenced musical traditions, as well as a genre named for its capital called the habanera.

Antonín Dvořák

For 10 points, name this Czech composer of the Slavonic Dances and a Symphony No. 9 "From the New World."

Ralph Vaughan Williams

For 10 points, name this English composer of A Sea Symphony and The Lark Ascending.

Sir William Turner Walton

For 10 points, name this English composer of Crown Imperial and Belshazzar's Feast.

Edward Elgar

For 10 points, name this English composer of the Enigma Variations and the Pomp and Circumstance Marches.

Edward (William) Elgar

For 10 points, name this English composer of the Enigma Variations.

Gabriel Fauré

For 10 points, name this French composer of Dolly Suite, a Pavane in F-sharp minor, and a Requiem in D minor.

Claude Debussy

For 10 points, name this French composer of pieces like Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun and Clair de Lune.

Erik (Alfred Leslie) Satie

For 10 points, name this French mentor of Les Six ("lay sees"), the composer of Three Pieces in the Shape of a Pear, six Gnossiennes ("g'no-see-EN"), and three Gymnopédies ("jeem-no-pay-DEE").

Johannes Brahms

For 10 points, name this German composer of Academic Festival Overture and German Requiem.

Gustav Mahler

For 10 points, name this German composer who frequently employed Des Knaben Wunderhorn as a setting for many of his songs and symphonic works such as Resurrection Symphony.

Damnation of Faust

For 10 points, name this German legend in which a scholar makes a deal with the devil in exchange for unlimited knowledge.

St John Passion

For 10 points, name this Holy Week oratorio by J. S.

Antonio Vivaldi

For 10 points, name this Italian Baroque composer of The Four Seasons.

Arcangelo Corelli

For 10 points, name this Italian Baroque composer of the Christmas Concerto.

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

For 10 points, name this Italian Renaissance composer of the Pope Marcellus Mass.

Ottorino Respighi

For 10 points, name this Italian composer of Roman Festivals and Pines of Rome.

Beethoven's Fifth Symphony

For 10 points, name this Ludwig van Beethoven symphony whose opening "short, short, short, LONG" motif has been compared to "fate knocking at the door".

Robert Schumann

For 10 points, name this Romantic composer of the Rhenish Symphony who married the pianist Clara Wieck (VEEK).

Sergei (Vasilievich) Rachmaninoff

For 10 points, name this Russian composer of Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

For 10 points, name this Russian composer of four piano concerti and Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini.

Sergei Rachmaninov

For 10 points, name this Russian composer of four piano concertos and Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini.

Norway

For 10 points, name this Scandinavian country whose legends inspired the Peer Gynt Suite by Edvard Grieg.

Arnold Schoenberg

For 10 points, name this Second Viennese School composer of Pierrot Lunaire.

Sergei (Sergeyevich) Prokofiev

For 10 points, name this Soviet composer of Peter and the Wolf.

Aram Khachaturian

For 10 points, name this Soviet composer of Spartacus, whose ballet Gayane ("gah-yah-nay") contains the "Sabre Dance," and who was from Armenia.

Dmitri (Dmitriyevich) Shostakovich

For 10 points, name this Soviet composer of the "Leningrad" Symphony.

Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich

For 10 points, name this Soviet composer of the Leningrad Symphony.

The Shining

For 10 points, name this Stanley Kubrick film set in a hotel in Colorado, which influenced the music of subsequent horror films.

The 1812 Overture

For 10 points, name this Tchaikovsky overture that celebrates Russia's defeat over Napoleon in its title year.

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi

For 10 points, name this Venetian composer of The Four Seasons.

Appalachian Spring

For 10 points, name this ballet with music by Aaron Copland.

Henry Purcell

For 10 points, name this baroque composer of Dido and Aeneas.

swan

For 10 points, name this bird into which Rothbart transforms Odette in a ballet by Tchaikovsky.

trombone

For 10 points, name this brass instrument capable of playing glissandi on its characteristic slide.

trumpets

For 10 points, name this brass instrument played by Wynton Marsalis and Louis Armstrong.

trombone

For 10 points, name this brass instrument that changes pitch using a sliding valve.

trumpet

For 10 points, name this brass instrument with three valves.

Poland

For 10 points, name this central European country home to Witold Lutosławski, Henryk Górecki ("HEN-rick goo-RET-skee"), and Frédéric Chopin.

string quartet

For 10 points, name this chamber genre of Schubert's Death and the Maiden.

piano trios

For 10 points, name this chamber genre usually scored for violin, cello, and a keyboard instrument.

French horn

For 10 points, name this circular, coiled brass instrument.

London

For 10 points, name this city in which the Proms are presented annually by the BBC.

Goldberg Variations

For 10 points, name this collection of variations for harpsichord written by J. S. Bach.

blue

For 10 points, name this colour which titles a Rhapsody by George Gershwin.

two pianists

For 10 points, name this combination of players that performs "four-hands" duets.

Felix Mendelssohn

For 10 points, name this composer of "Italian" and "Scottish" symphonies who wrote incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Franz Joseph Haydn

For 10 points, name this composer of "The Joke" and a set of pieces nicknamed "Sun," which were among the 68 string quartets created by this "father" of that genre.

Jean Sibelius

For 10 points, name this composer of "The Swan of Tuonela" and Finlandia.

Niccolo Paganini

For 10 points, name this composer of 24 caprices for solo violin, a freakishly talented Italian violinist.

Maurice Ravel

For 10 points, name this composer of Boléro.

Camille Saint-Saëns (san-SAWNS)

For 10 points, name this composer of Danse macabre and Carnival of the Animals.

Hector Berlioz

For 10 points, name this composer of Harold in Italy and Symphonie fantastique.

Alexander (Porfiryevich) Borodin

For 10 points, name this composer of In the Steppes of Central Asia and the operaPrince Igor.

Alban Berg

For 10 points, name this composer of Lulu and Wozzeck (VOT-seck).

Jules Massenet

For 10 points, name this composer of Manon, who wrote the violin solo "Meditation" for his opera Thaïs ("tie"-EES).

George Frideric Handel

For 10 points, name this composer of Messiah, which includes the"Hallelujah" chorus.

Mikhail Glinka

For 10 points, name this composer of Ruslan and Lyudmila and A Life for the Tsar.

Hector Berlioz

For 10 points, name this composer of Symphonie fantastique.

Jean Sibelius

For 10 points, name this composer of The Swan of Tuonela and Finlandia.

Charles Ives

For 10 points, name this composer of The Unanswered Question and Three Places in New England.

Charles Ives

For 10 points, name this composer of The Unanswered Question, Central Park in the Dark, and The Concord Sonata.

Johann Sebastian Bach

For 10 points, name this composer of Toccata and Fugue in D minor.

Felix Mendelssohn

For 10 points, name this composer of a String Octet and the Reformation Symphony.

Johannes Brahms

For 10 points, name this composer of a symphony nicknamed "Beethoven's Tenth" who also created a namesake lullaby.

(Jakob Ludwig) Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy

For 10 points, name this composer of an E minor violin concerto, also known for the wedding march from his incidental music to A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

For 10 points, name this composer of the "Flight of the Bumblebee".

Bedřich Smetana

For 10 points, name this composer of the "From My Life" quartet and The Moldau, which is among the six tone poems of his Má Vlast.

Carl Nielsen

For 10 points, name this composer of the "Inextinguishable" Symphony who hailed from Denmark.

Ludwig van Beethoven (The first and second pieces are the Sonatas Nos. 32 and 12.)

For 10 points, name this composer of the Diabelli Variations and "Für Elise" ("FYOOR eh-LEE-zuh").

Leoš Janáček (LEH-ohsh YAH-naw-check)

For 10 points, name this composer of the Glagolitic Mass, Taras Bulba (tah-ROSS BOOL-bah), the "Intimate Letters" String Quartet, and a brassy Sinfonietta.

Jean Sibelius (sih-BAY-lee-us)

For 10 points, name this composer of the Karelia Suite, The Swan of Tuonela, and Finlandia.

Franz Liszt

For 10 points, name this composer of the Mephisto Waltzes and many Hungarian Rhapsodies.

Ludwig van Beethoven

For 10 points, name this composer of the Missa Solemnis and the "Choral" Ninth Symphony.

Felix Mendelssohn

For 10 points, name this composer of the Reformation, Scottish, and Italian symphonies.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

For 10 points, name this composer of the Russian Easter Festival Overture, Scheherazade, and the frenetic Flight of the Bumblebee.

Thomas Tallis

For 10 points, name this composer of the forty-voice motet Spem in alium whose music was also used for a namesake Fantasia by Ralph Vaughan Williams.

Henry Purcell

For 10 points, name this composer of the opera Dido and Aeneas.

John Coolidge Adams

For 10 points, name this composer who adapted The Chairman Dances from his opera Nixon in China.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

For 10 points, name this composer who also wrote the 1812 Overture.

Carl Maria Von Weber (VAY-bur)

For 10 points, name this composer who is best known for his operatic works such as Euryanthe and Der Freischutz.

Ridolfo Luigi Boccherini

For 10 points, name this composer who wrote a famous String Quintet in E Major, the minuet of which deceives Mrs Wilberforce in The Ladykillers.

George Gershwin

For 10 points, name this composer who wrote the song "Summertime" for his opera Porgy and Bess.

Béla Bartók

For 10 points, name this composer whose Allegro barbaro uses scales from his native Hungary.

Robert Schumann

For 10 points, name this composer whose Carnaval includes a movement depicting his wife Clara.

Dmitri Shostakovich

For 10 points, name this composer whose Fifth Symphony was dubbed "A Soviet Artist's Reply to Justified Criticism" and who included the "invasion theme" in his Seventh Symphony, Leningrad.

Gustav Mahler

For 10 points, name this composer whose Second Symphony is called "Resurrection."

Violin Concerto in E Minor, Opus 64 by Felix Mendelssohn

For 10 points, name this concerto for the highest common string instrument written by the composer of Songs Without Words and A Midsummer Night's Dream.

fugue

For 10 points, name this contrapuntal genre based around imitative entrances of a subject.

Italy

For 10 points, name this country home to Gregorio Allegri and Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina.

France

For 10 points, name this country home to the Notre Dame school.

France

For 10 points, name this country known for its Paris Conservatory.

Spain

For 10 points, name this country that inspired Ravel's Boléro and Rapsodie espagnole.

Republic of Turkey

For 10 points, name this country that names a rondo by Mozart that imitates its Janissary bands.

United Kingdom

For 10 points, name this country where Thomas Tallis, William Byrd, and Henry VIII composed.

Republic of Indonesia

For 10 points, name this country whose gamelan ensembles come in Balinese and Javanese varieties.

Brazil

For 10 points, name this country whose popular music incorporated the developments made by Antônio Carlos Jobim (jo-BEEM), João Gilberto (zh'WOW jeel-BAIR-too), and other Bossa Nova artists.

Italy

For 10 points, name this country, home to Luigi Nono, Luciano Berio, and Ottorino Respighi.

French horn

For 10 points, name this curvy brass instrument pitched in F.

oboes

For 10 points, name this double reed woodwind instrument pitched a fifth higher than the English horn.

English horn

For 10 points, name this double-reed woodwind instrument pitched a fifth lower than the oboe.

bassoon

For 10 points, name this double-reed woodwind instrument that plays an unusually high solo at the beginning of The Rite of Spring.

piano four hands

For 10 points, name this ensemble in which two players use one keyboard instrument.

World War I

For 10 points, name this event that inspired Benjamin Britten's War Requiem.

"Sabre Dance"

For 10 points, name this fast-paced piece excerpted from Gayane, a ballet by Aram Khachaturian.

Jupiter Symphony

For 10 points, name this final symphony of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

The Firebird

For 10 points, name this first ballet by Igor Stravinsky.

Niccolò Paganini

For 10 points, name this first great Romantic virtuoso who composed 24 caprices for violin.

"Mars, the Bringer of War"

For 10 points, name this first movement of The Planets, subtitled "the Bringer of War."

lute

For 10 points, name this fretted, plucked string instrument with a deep, pear-shaped body.

symphony

For 10 points, name this genre in which Hector Berlioz wrote a piece titled fantastique.

fanfares

For 10 points, name this genre of an Aaron Copland piece "for the Common Man."

concert overtures

For 10 points, name this genre of early Mendelssohn pieces titled The Hebrides and A Midsummer Night's Dream.

suites

For 10 points, name this genre of six Bach pieces for solo cello.

wind ensemble

For 10 points, name this genre that includes Percy Grainger's Molly on the Shore and Lincolnshire Posy.

bagatelles

For 10 points, name this genre which includes Beethoven's "Für Elise."

piano sonatas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

For 10 points, name this group of eighteen pieces written for a solo keyboard instrument by the composer of Eine kleine Nachtmusik.

J. S. Bach's cello suites

For 10 points, name this group of pieces written by a Baroque composer for an unaccompanied string instrument that is often played by Yo-Yo Ma.

trumpet

For 10 points, name this high pitched brass instrument.

trumpet

For 10 points, name this highest-pitched brass instrument.

Spain

For 10 points, name this home country of Isaac Albéniz ("EE-sahk all-BAY-neese") and Manuel de Falla ("deh FAH-yah"), the origin of dances such as the seguidilla ("say-ghee-DEE-yah") and the fandango.

Poland

For 10 points, name this home country of Witold Lutosławski ("VEE-told loo-toh-SWAFF-skee"), Krzysztof Penderecki ("k'SHISH-toff pen-duh-RETS-kee"), and Henryk Górecki ("HEN-rick goo-RETS-kee").

China

For 10 points, name this home country of composer Tan Dun and poet Li Bai.

Finland

For 10 points, name this homeland of Osmo Vänskä, Esa-Pekka Salonen, and Jean Sibelius.

Jelly Roll Morton

For 10 points, name this influential jazz pianist and self-proclaimed creator of New Orleans Jazz.

synthesizer

For 10 points, name this instrument invented by Robert Moog that can convert electronic input into sounds.

piano

For 10 points, name this instrument played by Bill Evans, Dave Brubeck, and Duke Ellington.

piano

For 10 points, name this instrument played by Jelly Roll Morton and Bill Evans.

viola

For 10 points, name this instrument that uses the alto clef, unlike the smaller violin.

flute

For 10 points, name this instrument whose half- size relative is the piccolo.

trumpets

For 10 points, name this instrument with a popular namesake Voluntary.

harp

For 10 points, name this instrument with seven pedals and 47 strings that are plucked by hand.

tritone

For 10 points, name this interval made of three whole steps, which Guido of Arezzo (GWEE-doh of ah-RET-so) called "the devil in music."

Dizzy Gillespie

For 10 points, name this jazz composer of "Manteca," "Salt Peanuts," and "A Night in Tunisia," who famously performed with his signature puffed cheeks and bent trumpet.

Duke Ellington

For 10 points, name this jazz pianist who often performed Billy Strayhorn's "Take the 'A' Train."

pipe organs

For 10 points, name this keyboard instrument connected to large pipes.

pipe organs

For 10 points, name this keyboard instrument whose players pull stops to admit air to a set of pipes.

violoncello

For 10 points, name this low string instrument played by Pablo Casals and YoÂYo Ma.

bassoon

For 10 points, name this low-pitched double-reed woodwind instrument.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Requiem in D minor

For 10 points, name this mass for the dead by the composer of Eine kleine nachtmusik ("EYE-nuh KLY-nuh NAKT-moo-zik").

Steve Reich

For 10 points, name this minimalist composer of Music for 18 Musicians and Different Trains.

serialism

For 10 points, name this musical technique derived from twelveÂtone writing, which uses a "row" or "series" to generate all the parameters of a composition.

drone

For 10 points, name this musical technique of continually sustaining a low note through a piece of music.

5

For 10 points, name this number of theBeethoven symphony that opens with the short-short-short-long "Fate knocking at the door" motive.

The Unfinished Symphony

For 10 points, name this numerical predecessor to the composer's "Great C minor" symphony, a B minor composition by Franz Schubert whose scherzo is incomplete.

George Handel's Messiah

For 10 points, name this oratorio containing the "Hallelujah Chorus," by Handel.

timpani(s)

For 10 points, name this percussion instrument also known as the kettledrum.

Also sprach Zarathustra ("ALL-zoh shprock tsah-rah-TOOS-trah")

For 10 points, name this philosophical text by Friedrich Nietzsche ("NEE-chuh") that Richard Strauss adapted into a tone poem.

Clara Schumann

For 10 points, name this pianist, born with the surname Wieck (veek), who married the composer of the Rhenish Symphony.

Quartet for the End of Time

For 10 points, name this piece composed during the composer's time in a German POW camp, a work by Olivier Messiaen.

piano

For 10 points, name this primary instrument of Keith Jarrett, Thelonious Monk, and Duke Ellington.

piano

For 10 points, name this primary instrument of the composer of "Round Midnight," Thelonious Monk.

dissonance

For 10 points, name this quality of sound that results from an uncanny clash of notes.

New England

For 10 points, name this region home to Tanglewood Music Center and the Boston Symphony Orchestra.

E minor

For 10 points, name this relative minor key of G major, which has one sharp.

"Surprise" Symphony

For 10 points, name this second London symphony by Joseph Haydn, which is nicknamed for the sudden fortissimo chord in its quiet second movement.

Symphony No. 40 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

For 10 points, name this second-to-last symphony by Mozart.

Ma vlast

For 10 points, name this set of six tone poems including "The Moldau" by Bedrich Smetana.

The Planets, Op. 32

For 10 points, name this seven-movement suite depicting heavenlybodies by Gustav Holst.

cello

For 10 points, name this string instrument for which Bach wrote a set of six solo suites, which is played by Yo-Yo Ma.

Gioachino Rossini

For 10 points, name this successful Italian composer who barely published anything for forty years after William Tell.

Symphony of a Thousand

For 10 points, name this symphony by Gustav Mahler written for the title number of performers.

Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 in D minor, Op. 125 "Choral"

For 10 points, name this symphony that ends with a choral setting of Schiller's "Ode to Joy," the final one by Beethoven.

Symphony No. 5 by Ludwig van Beethoven in C minor

For 10 points, name this symphony with a "fate knocking at the door" motif by Ludwig van Beethoven.

Symphony No. 5 in D minor by Dmitri Shostakovich

For 10 points, name this symphony written after its predecessor, a fourth symphony, was shelved after its composer's Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District scandalized Stalin.

playing an instrument with the left hand only

For 10 points, name this technique of playing with only five fingers.

concert band

For 10 points, name this type of large ensemble that generally does not have a string section.

violin concerto

For 10 points, name this type of piece for a solo string instrument and orchestra.

piano concertos

For 10 points, name this type of piece that Lang Lang might play alongside an orchestra.

preludes

For 10 points, name this type of piece that typically doesn't, as its name might suggest, serve as an introduction.

Fugue

For 10 points, name this type of work that Bach paired with "toccata" in a famous D minor work.

string bass

For 10 points, name this upright string instrument which often plucks a low "walking" line in jazz music.

Franz Liszt

For 10 points, name this virtuoso pianist and composer of Transcendental Etudes and 19 Hungarian Rhapsodies.

piccolo

For 10 points, name this wind instrument that's similar to a flute, but smaller.

English horn

For 10 points, name this woodwind instrument that plays the solo in the Largo movement of the Symphony "From the New World."

flute

For 10 points, name this woodwind instrument, the larger sibling of the piccolo.

Messiah

For 10 points, name this work that contains the "Hallelujah" chorus, an oratorio by George Frideric Handel.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

For 10 points, name thisRussian composer of Scheherazade, whose opera The Tale of Tsar Saltan includes "Flight of the Bumblebee."

World War I

For 10 points, name thisconflict that inspired Benjamin Britten's War Requiem.

timpani

For 10 points, named this set of deep, pitched drums that often play "rolls."

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (GUR-tuh)

For 10 points, songwriters used texts from what author's play Faust?

Franz Liszt

For 10 points, what 19th-century composer wrote Totentanz, the Piano Sonata in B Minor, and the Transcendental Études?

Leningrad Symphony

For 10 points, what Dmitri Shostakovich symphony contains a theme representing the invasion of the title Soviet city?

Gustav Mahler's Symphony no. 5

For 10 points, what Gustav Mahler symphony follows the early symphonies based on Des Knaben Wunderhorn (dess K'NAH-ben VOON-der-horn) and precedes the Tragic Symphony?

The Divine Comedy

For 10 points, what epic poem inspired the "Inferno" and "Purgatorio" movements of Liszt's Dante Symphony?

The Well-Tempered Clavier

For 10 points, what keyboard collection by J. S.

toccata

For 10 points, what type of piece was paired with a fugue in D minor by J. S. Bach?

clarinet(s)

For 10 points, what woodwind instrument plays the glissando that opens George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue?

piano concertos

For 10points, name this sort of musical piece written for orchestra and a keyboard instrument.

Camille Saint-Saëns (san-SAWNS)

For a Cuban violinist, this composer wrote his E major Havanaise.

Music for the Royal Fireworks

For a performance at the Foundling Hospital a month after its premiere, this work's composer added strings.

Johannes Brahms

For his F minor third symphony, this composer modified the idea of a friend's "F-A-E" motto to make his own "F A-flat F" motto.

fireworks displays

For one of theseevents in London, a suite for wind band with 24 oboes debuted; that Handel work accompanied "Royal" ones ofthese to celebrate the end of the War of the Austrian Succession.

flamenco (This question translates the Spanish golpeador, Paco de Lucía's "Entre dos aguas," palmas, and cante jondo.)

For performing in this style, a certain instrument is often outfitted with a "tap plate."

Camille Saint-Saens

For ten points, name this composer of "Samson et Delilah" and "Carnival of the Animals".

Thomas Tallis

For the psalter of Archbishop Parker, this composer wrote the Phrygian (FRIDGE-ee-in) melody "Why fum'th (FUME-eth) in fight."

clocks

For10 points, name these mechanical objects, which are sometimes portrayed as ringing the hours.

French Horn

Four Mozart concerti for this instrument are often paired with a Concert Rondo he wrote for it.

Gioachino Rossini

Four cellos accompany the opening E minor cello solo of an overture by this composer that has a duet for English horn and flute in a Ranz des vaches (RONZ day VAHSH), or "Call to the Cows"; that overture ends with a galloping "March of the Swiss Soldiers."

French horn

Four of them were found in a standard Romantic orchestra; before then, these instruments and trumpets were usually the only brass.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

Four piano concertos were composed by, for 10 points, what Russian composer who also wrote Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini?

trumpet

Fourth movement of Janacek's Sinfonietta (sin-fone-yet-a) begins with these instruments playing a repetitive motif of (read slowly) four A-flats-B-flat-A-flat-G.

Anton Bruckner

Franz Liszt rejected this man's dedication of his Second Symphony, which features a large pause (*) before the cellos introduce the second theme of the first movement.

Also sprach Zarathustra ("ALL-zoh shprock tsah-rah-TOOS-trah")

Frederick Delius's ("DEE-lee-us's") long cantata A Mass of Life sets this text.

suites

French harpsichord composers like Rameau and Couperin bundled their pieces as works in this genre.

Ottorino Respighi

French horns depict gods blowing on their conch shells as naiads dance near a Bernini-designed structure named for Triton in a symphonic work by this composer.

Republic of Turkey

Gaetano Donizetti's older brother Giuseppe wrote two marches for this country's rulers, then became an influential royal music instructor in its capital.

playing an instrument with the left hand only

Gary Graffman and Leon Fleisher have both played Brahms's transcription of Bach's Chaconne, which uses this technique to imitate how pitches are (*) determined on the violin.

cello

Gaspar Cassadó has played the unusual chordless sarabande in the C minor fifth piece of a set of six pieces for this instrument.

Charles Ives

Gender scholars like Judith Tick cite this composer's quip that Impressionism was "easy music for the sissies" and obsessive opposition to "feminine" music as evidence of misogyny.

trombone

Georg Wagenseil's ("VAH-gun-zyle's") concerto for this instrument in E-flat major was premiered by Thomas Gschladt ("guh-SHLOTT"), who was also the dedicatee of Leopold Mozart's concerto for this instrument.

Christmas

George Crumb drew on the frescoes in the Arena Chapel to compose a "little suite" for this time period, whose music inspired Ralph Vaughan Williams's cantata Hodie ("HO-dee-ay").

flute

Georges Barrère's platinum model of this instrument inspired Edgard Varèse's ("ed-GARR vah-REZ's") piece Density 21.5.

madrigals

Giovanni Artusi criticized the composer of pieces of this type such as "Cruda Amarilli" for his monody-rich seconda pratica style.

Ma vlast

Giuseppe Cenci's La Mantovana is the basis for the theme of this work's second movement.

harp

Glissandos for this instrument follow the flute solo at the start of Prelude to the Afternoon of aFaun.

Indonesia

Gong-based ensemble music called gamelan is the traditional music of, for 10 points, what country's islands of Bali and Java?

the creation of the world

Gottfried van Swieten ("SVEE-tin") translated English works for the libretto of a choral work titled for this event, which is divided into three sections, the last of which is set in a garden and opens with the singing of "In rosy mantle appears."

The Well-Tempered Clavier

Gottlieb Schwenke (SHVEN-kuh) added an extra measure to this work's opening, a 35-bar passage consisting primarily of broken chords that ends on a C-major chord.

The Firebird

Guido Agosti arranged three movements of this ballet for piano, and Kazuhito Yamashita transcribed it for guitar.

concert band

Gustav Holst originally composed his "Fantasia on the Dargason" for the second of his two suites for this ensemble, which are in E-flat and F.

Also sprach Zarathustra ("ALL-zoh shprock tsah-rah-TOOS-trah")

Gustav Mahler planned to title his Third Symphony after this book, and an alto solo in its slow fourth movement sets the (*) "Midnight Song."

Christmas

Handel's Messiah is often performed during, for 10 points, what holiday whose celebration involves singing carols?

oratorios

Handel's organ concertos were originally written to go with works in this genre.

festivals

Hans Richter conducted the first premiere of the Ring Cycle during one type of these events that takes place annually in Bayreuth.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Hans von Bulow premiered that piece by this composer in Boston when its original dedicatee rejected it.

clocks

Harp harmonics are used to represent one of these things in the opening ofVaughan Williams' Symphony No. 2.

Latin masses

Haydn wrote one without woodwinds titled for "troubled times" or "In Angustiis."

French horn

Haydn's Symphony No. 31 was nicknamed after this instrument due to the large number of them in the Esterhazy orchestra at the time.

Arnold Schoenberg

He coined the term "developing variation," and he described melody generated from changing timbres in his book Harmonielehre.

Franz Liszt

He coined the term "recital," and was the first musician to play onstage alone.

Ludwig van Beethoven

He composed one oratorio, Christ on the Mount of Olives, premiered his own Choral Fantasy, and revised and set Schiller's poem "An die Freude" ("on dee FROY-duh").

Duke Ellington

He composed the standards "In a Sentimental Mood" and "Mood Indigo."

Antonio Vivaldi

He established the norm for the ritornello form, and he marked the viola section of one of his violin concertos with the phrase "the barking dog."

Carl Nielsen

He included "Hindu," "Chinese," and "Negro" dances in his incidental music to Aladdin.

Paul Hindemith ("HIN-duh-mit")

He often wrote oddly instrumented music, including pieces for heckelphones and trautoniums, and he was a master of the viola d'amore.

Gabriel Fauré

He omitted "faithful" from the phrase "deliver the souls of the departed" in the second movement of his most famous work.

Robert Schumann

He promoted a young Johannes Brahms in his essay "New Paths" for his New Journal of Music.

Ludwig van Beethoven

He reused his song Gegenliebe ("GAY-gun-LEE-buh") for a fantasy whose long solo piano intro modulates from C minor to C major.

Sergei (Vasilievich) Rachmaninoff

He used an earlier composer's D-minorversion of "La Folia" as the basis for his Variations on a Theme of Corelli.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

He used only examples from his own music to demonstrate instrumentation in his posthumouslypublished textbook Principles of Orchestration.

Thomas Tallis

He was eulogized with the piece Ye Sacred Muses by his student William Byrd, with whom he shared a monopoly on polyphonic music granted by Queen Elizabeth I.

Béla Bartók

He wrote "Six Dances in Bulgarian Rhythm" to cap off 153 pieces of increasing difficulty called Mikrokosmos.

John Coolidge Adams

He wrote a "rhythmically dissonant" fanfare for the Great Woods Festival that opens with a woodblock pulse.

Robert Schumann

He wrote a set of piano etudes in the form of a theme, nine variations, and a finale.

Erik (Alfred Leslie) Satie

He wrote a short atmospheric piece marked lent et douloureux ("lawn ay doo-loo-RUH") that begins with alternating G major seventh and D major seventh chords and nominally depicts Greeks exercising.

George Frideric Handel

He wrote an interlude for strings and two oboes that beginswith busy B-flat major violin arpeggios.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

He wrote only eight bars of that piece's Lacrimosa, which was nished by Franz Süssmayr.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (GUR-tuh)

He wrote the lyrics used in Part II of Mahler's Symphony of a Thousand, where his texts for the holy anchorites are sung by the chorus.

Johann Sebastian Bach

He's not Beethoven, but an edition of this composer's music ends with another composer's essay about the fugue movement from the Hammerklavier sonata.

Alexander (Porfiryevich) Borodin

He's not Chabrier, but Ravel wrote a piano piece "in the manner" of this composer.

Dizzy Gillespie

He's not Charlie Parker, but a 1997 Jean Bach documentary profiles an altercation in which this man responded to criticisms for playing "Chinese music" solos and shooting spitballs by attacking band leader Cab Calloway with a knife.

Ludwig van Beethoven (The first and second pieces are the Sonatas Nos. 32 and 12.)

He's not Chopin, but a piano sonata by this composer opens with an Andante con variazioni in 3/8 ("three-eight") time and contains a third-movement funeral march.

Sergei (Vasilievich) Rachmaninoff

He's not George Gershwin, but a cycle of this composer's music for piano and orchestra was popularly recordedin 1965 by Earl Wild and Jascha Horenstein.

Georg Philipp Telemann

He's not Handel, but movements titled "The Joking Triton" and "The Merry Boat People" are included in this composer's Water Music.

Sergei (Sergeyevich) Prokofiev

He's not Ravel, but one of this composer's piano concertos was performed by Claudio Abbado with the Berlin Philharmonic in one of Martha Argerich's earliest recordings.

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi

He's not Telemann, but several of this composer's concertos were transcribed for solo keyboard by J. S. Bach, and some were written to accompany poems, one of which describes how "nymphs and shepherds lightly dance / beneath the brilliant canopy of" (*) the title time.

Carl Maria Von Weber (VAY-bur)

Hector Berlioz orchestrated the second-act ballet of this composer's most famous opera that was based on his Invitation to the Dance.

Alexander (Porfiryevich) Borodin

Heincluded a scherzo in 1/1 time in that second symphony.

clarinet

Heinrich Baermann, a virtuoso on this instrument, wasthe dedicatee of Carl Maria von Weber's two concertos for it.

circuses

Henry Fillmore never revealed to his conservative father that he wrote music for these places, whilst the euphonium is prominent in a 1913 piece by (*) Karl King composed for one of these places.

piano concertos

Henry Litolff's best-known compositions are five works in this genre, the third of which incorporates Dutchfolk-tunes.

Edward (William) Elgar

Heportrayed his wife Alice as "C.A.E."

Fugue

Hindemith's Ludus Tonalis alternates between this type of work and interlude.

Dmitri Shostakovich

His Fourth Symphony was withdrawn shortly after the publication of "Muddle Instead of Music" in Pravda.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

His Opus 21 collection of 12 Romances includes "Lilacs."

Arnold Schoenberg

His Opus 9 is notated in E major and called (*) Chamber Symphony No. 1.

Gustav Mahler

His Second Symphony sets the poem "Urlicht" ("OOR-leesht") by Friedrich Klopstock, while his Sixth Symphony contains three "hammer blows" of fate.

Dmitri Shostakovich

His Tenth Symphony includes a motif that spells out the name of his student Elmira Nazirova.

Duke Ellington

His career was revived after he had Paul Gonsalves play a 27-bar saxophone solo during a performance of "Diminuendo and Crescendo in Blue" at the 1956 Newport Jazz Festival.

Sergei (Sergeyevich) Prokofiev

His early piano pieces include the dissonant Visions fugitives and Sarcasms.

Sergei (Sergeyevich) Prokofiev

His first symphony replaced the scherzo with a gavotte and was written with a small orchestra, in imitation of Haydn.

Mikhail Glinka

His folk-dance inspired Kamarinskaya was described by Tchaikovsky as the acorn from which the oak of Russian music grew.

Sergei (Sergeyevich) Prokofiev

His hardest piano concerto includes unusual markings like "narrante" and "colossale."

Ludwig van Beethoven (The first and second pieces are the Sonatas Nos. 32 and 12.)

His late piano pieces include a set of 33 variations on a C minor waltz, a piece nicknamed "Rage Over a Lost Penny," and a sonata called "Waldstein."

Johann Pachelbel

His less popular works include Hexachord Apollonis, Musical Delight, and Musical Thoughts on Death.

fugue

If onecomponent of this kind of piece includes direct skips between dominant and tonic scale degrees, another componentwill be "tonal" instead of "real."

bassoon

Important excerpts for this instrument include the main melody of "The Kalendar Prince" from Scheherazade and the opening to the overture of The Marriage of Figaro, where it plays along with strings.

Spain

Impressions of this country inspired the second part of Debussy's Images for orchestra, which itself has three sections.

Norway

In 1919, Percy Grainger recorded a famous piano roll of a piano concerto written by a composer from this country.

Antonio Vivaldi

In 1939, Alfredo Casella popularized this composer's setting of the (*) Gloria in D major.

Duke Ellington

In 1963, John Coltrane and this musician recorded a track he composed whose original D minor version's bridge repeats a D-flat major 1-6-2-5 chord progression, and whose melody opens like Gershwin's "Someone to Watch Over Me" with a rising 6-note F major pentatonic pickup and long high G.

pipe organs

In 1973, a woman banged her shoe on the stage to stop the Boston Symphony Orchestra from playing a Steve Reich piece for four of these instruments.

The 1812 Overture

In 1974, Arthur Fiedler conducted the Boston Pops for this work's first Fourth of July performance in America.

Dizzy Gillespie

In 1978, Jimmy Carter performed a song by this man on the White House lawn, becoming the first and only US President to perform jazz while in office.

Glenn Gould

In 1981, he recorded a slower version of the Bach piece he first played on a best-selling 1955 album.

the solo cello suites of Johann Sebastian Bach

In 2010, Dale Henderson began performing these pieces for free on the New York City subway.

London

In 2013, Marin Alsop became the first woman to conduct an annual concert in this city that features much flag-waving and a large standing audience.

drums

In Carnatic music, one called the mridangam outlines the tala.

Felix Mendelssohn

In Elgar's 13th Enigma Variation, *** (triple asterisk), a soft timpani roll plays while a clarinet quotes this composer's overture Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage.

suites

In Germany, these pieces were often named for beginning with a French Overture.

oratorios

In Italy, these works were often performed duringLent.

Symphony No. 5 in D minor by Dmitri Shostakovich

In Michael Tilson-Thomas' Keeping Score series, he personified a solo in this work's scherzo second movement as "a neurasthenic self-taught wise guy"; pizzicato violins imitate that solo later in the movement.

"Sabre Dance"

In Nina Anisimova's original choreography, this piece serves as the climax to a triple wedding.

timpani(s)

In Proko ev's Romeo and Juliet, 15 straight notes from this instrument signify the death of Tybalt.

clocks

In Ravel's L'enfant et les sortileges, this is the first thing after the armchairs to come to life.

5

In Schenkerian analysis, scale degree 2 in the Urlinie ["UR-lih-nee-uh"] is preferably supportedby this scale degree in the bass of the Ursatz.

English horn

In Sibelius's ("sih-BAY-lee-us's") Pelléas et Mélisande ("pay-lay-OSS ay may-lee-ZOND"), this instrument portrays Mélisande.

French horn

In Tchaikovsky's fifth symphony, a solo for this instrument introduces the main theme in the second movement.

drums

In West Africa, these instruments are often (*) hourglassÂshaped and have easilychanged pitch, allowing them to "talk."

oboes

In a D major sonata for this instrument, the outer portions of the second movement are marked ad libitum, allowing the performer to determine the tempo; that sonata for this instrument is Saint-Saens's final work.

preludes

In a D minor piece of this kind, the left hand slowly continually alternates between playing D-E and E-F.

pharaoh

In a Giuseppe Verdi opera, Amneris is the daughter of a holder of this position.

China

In a concerto from this country, the percussion soloists hit cardboard tubes and shake pom-poms made of paper strips; the composer of that Paper Concerto wrote a brief "Eroica" symphony for the YouTube Symphony Orchestra.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

In a fast-paced interlude from one of his operas, a rapidly descending chromatic scale played by flutes and first violins depicts the buzzing of the metamorphosed son of the title Tsar Saltan.

Hector Berlioz

In a large piece by this composer, four brass groups enter one at a time to evoke the four corners of the world.

Ludwig van Beethoven (The first and second pieces are the Sonatas Nos. 32 and 12.)

In a piano piece by this composer, an odd syncopated rhythm appears in the third of six variations in an Arietta in 9/16 ("nine-sixteen") time; that piece's other movement is marked Maestoso.

Paul Hindemith ("HIN-duh-mit")

In a piano piece by this composer, the last movement is a (*) retrograde inversion of the first movement, "Preludium."

Spain

In a piano suite from this country, a solemn religious song in F-sharp major notated with three staves ("stavz") interrupts a boisterous march celebrating Corpus Christi Day.

Italy

In a piece by a composer from this country, eight voices recite the first page of Beckett's The Unnameable and pay homage to Martin Luther King Jr. in the movement "O King."

Franz Joseph Haydn

In a piece by this composer, a sudden forte sixteenth note closes a rondo after a grand pause, which is followed by a violin playing the A theme with extra rests every two bars.

Charles Ives

In a piece by this composer, flutes play increasing atonal melodies as responses to seven notes played by a trumpet.

Bedřich Smetana

In a piece by this composer, the theme [read slowly] B, E, F-sharp, G, A, B, B appears after an opening in which two flutes play undulating E minor sixteenth note figures to represent waters; that piece appears in a cycle after one depicting the castle Vyšehrad ("VISH-eh-raht").

symphony

In a programmatic piece in this genre, near the end of the fourth movement, a wistful clarinet solo plays just before a loud tutti chord depicting a guillotine.

Charles Ives

In a short piece by this composer, seven repetitions of an atonal trumpet melody are interspersed with increasingly frenetic woodwind quartet phrases.

Gustav Mahler

In a song by this person titled "Wenn dein Mütterlein," pizzicato strings imitate the footstep of a child entering with her mother; that song is part of his Kindertotenlieder.

flute

In a standard orchestra, these instruments sit directly to the right of the oboes.

Bedřich Smetana

In a string quartet by this composer, the opening viola solo starts with [read slowly] an eighth note B, a whole note B, then drops down to E, then plays an eighth note F-sharp, a whole note G, then down to B.

Bedřich Smetana

In a string quartet by this man, a violin plays a high sustained E representing his tinnitus and oncoming deafness.

Hector Berlioz

In a symphony by this composer, English horns and oboes depict cowherds in the third movement, tubas and bassoons play the Dies Irae (DEE-ess EE-ray) in the fifth movement, and the Artist takes opium in the fourth movement, "March to the Scaffold."

Jean Sibelius (sih-BAY-lee-us)

In a symphony by this composer, a trombone introduces the joyful main theme named for his wife, which the brass play after a vivacissimo (vee-vah-CHEE-see-mo) section.

Johannes Brahms

In a symphony by this composer, the cellos play two repetitions of a (read slowly) "slurred dotted eighth sixteenth slurred dotted quarter dotted eighth sixteenth eighth" rhythm to start the third movement's melody.

The Divine Comedy

In a symphony inspired by this poem, two lovers are depicted with a 7/4 theme for violins in D-sharp minor.

Glenn Gould

In a televised recording, Leonard Bernstein ("burn"-styne) asked "Who is the boss?" before this musician played a half-speed version of a Brahms concerto.

Sergei Rachmaninov

In an April Fools Day video, Valentina Lisitsa joked that she hated this composer, but argued more seriously that his work is too sentimentalised.

George Frideric Handel

In an aria by this composer, a solo trumpet imitates the melody sung by a bass soloist describing theraising of the dead during Judgment Day.

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

In an opera [emphasize] about this composer, he initially refuses to take a commission from Cardinal Borromeo, who then imprisons him.

Georg Philipp Telemann

In an opera by this composer, Vespetta takes advantage of her marriage to the title character, Pimpinone.

Jules Massenet

In an opera by this composer, a D-major entr'acte for orchestra and solo violin plays as the title courtesan thinks about converting to Christianity.

Alban Berg

In an opera by this composer, a fast, out-of-tune polka played by an onstage piano introduces a scene at a bar, and the opening is structured as a Baroque suite to portray an army captain's inability to understand how the poor live.

pharaoh

In an opera whose title character holds this position, the opening A minor passacaglia ("pah-sah-CALL-yah") precedes the recitation of a funeral text; that opera comes last in the "Portrait" trilogy after Satyagraha.

Paul Hindemith ("HIN-duh-mit")

In an orchestral work by this proponent of Gebrauchsmusik ("geh-BROW-ks-moo-ZEEK"), or "utility music," the Scherzo second movement was inspired by a theme from incidental music to Gozzi's Turandot.

English horn

In an overture, after a brief orchestral introduction, this instrument plays a melody in 3/4 that opens with the notes [read slowly] C E G E over pizzicato offbeats.

Alban Berg

In another of his operas, the title character drowns himself in the lake next to which he murdered his wife Marie after she was raped by the Drum Major.

Lieder by Franz Schubert

In another of these pieces, (*) ostinato triplets in the left hand of the piano represent galloping hooves; in that work, based on a Goethe poem, a father tries to comfort his son as he has visions of the titular figure.

Lieder by Franz Schubert

In another of these works, a tenor sings "I would feel happier in the dark" after witnessing three suns in the sky.

Franz Liszt

In another of this composer's pieces, which was prepared in a De Profundis version by Ferruccio Busoni, a col legno ("coal" LANE-yo) in the strings represents the clattering of bones.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

In another piece by this composer, the allegro ma non tanto rst movement offers the soloist the choice between an ossia cadenza and a lighter cadenza.

Dmitri Shostakovich

In another symphony, snare drums play under a parody of a melody from Franz Lehár's The Merry Widow.

drums

In cool jazz, this instrument is often played with brushes.

Felix Mendelssohn

In his String Quartet No. 2 in A minor, this composer used his own song "Ist es wahr?" (IST us VARR) as a cyclic motif.

viola

In his sonata for this instrument, Dmitri Shostakovich subtitled the final movement adagio "in the memory of Beethoven" and quoted the Moonlight Sonata; that sonata for this instrument was Shostakovich's final composition.

tritone

In jazz theory, a Tadd Dameron turnaround is made from a I-vi-ii-V (one six two five) turnaround by replacing all but the first chord via a technique named for these intervals.

Messiah

In one aria in this piece, a soprano declares that even though "worms destroy this body," "I shall see God."

Johann Pachelbel

In one collection, this composer ordered six arias so their keys span a perfect fifth; a Nuremberg church names the Sebaldina aria that closes that collection by this musician.

George Frideric Handel

In one of his operas, the Saracen king Argante falls in love with the captive Almirena, who sings "Lascia ch'io pianga" (LAH-shah KEE-oh p'YAHN-gah).

Jean Sibelius

In one of his tone poems, a solo English horn depicts the motion of a bird in the mythical river of death.

piano études by Frédéric Chopin

In one of these pieces, dissonant minor sevenths that quickly resolve to major sixths in a fast sixteenth-dotted-eighth pattern give the work its nickname "Wrong Note."

piano sonatas by Beethoven

In one of these pieces, the direction "L'istesso tempo" indicates shifts between time signatures like 6/16 and 12/32 in the second movement Arietta.

Lieder by Franz Schubert

In one of these works, the titular object is represented by a motif of rolling semiquavers in D minor, which modulates to F major when the protagonist thinks about her lover.

Jules Massenet

In one of this composer's operas, an unusual alto saxophone solo opens the mezzo-soprano aria "Va! Laisse couler mes larmes" ("less" coo-LAY meh LARM); that opera by this composer begins and ends with the bailiff 's children performing the Christmas carol "Noël! Jésus vient de naître" (no-ELL! Zhay-soos vee-AWNT de "NIGHT"-ruh).

Henry Purcell

In one opera by this composer, one of the title characters sings a dying aria set over a ground bass that frequently uses half-step intervals in When I am laid in earth.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

In one piece by this composer, the adagio sostenuto second movement opens with a gure borrowed from the composer's earlier Romance.

"Sabre Dance"

In one suite, this piece was sandwiched between an adagio depicting carpet weavers and a "Hopak," the former of which was popularized by 2001: A Space Odyssey.

Alexander (Porfiryevich) Borodin

In one symphony, thiscomposer used a clarinet melody accompanied by a harp to evoke the gusli played by the legendary bard Boyan.

requiem mass

In one work with this title, the chorus, soprano soloist, and boy's choir always sing in Latin, but the tenor and baritone soloists sing in English, including "I am the enemy you killed" in the "Libera Me" movement.

sitar

In order to play an extra seven semitones, players bend a string across this instrument's movable arched frets in a technique called meend.

Edward Elgar

In performances of the Moderato e maestoso last movement of this composer's Second Symphony, it has become tradition for the trumpet to hold a high B for an extra bar.

Appalachian Spring

In that arrangement of this work's music, the instruction vigoroso is given for the A major string arpeggios that open the second section.

symphony

In that piece in this genre, depictions of "Rêveries - Passions", a "March to the Scaffold", and a "Dream of a Witches' Sabbath" all distort the central "idée fixe" (ee-DAY FEEKS).

Ralph Vaughan Williams

In that symphony by him, the fifth movement epilogue quotes the line "I do not regret this journey" from an (*) explorer's journal.

trumpet

In the "Alla Hornpipe" movement from Water Music, two of these instruments play a solo right after the opening tutti.

the solo cello suites of Johann Sebastian Bach

In the 1930s, Pablo Casals became the first to record all of these pieces.

Antonín Dvořák

In the F-sharp minor middle section of a piece by this composer, almost every phrase opens with the notes [read slowly] F-sharp G-sharp A G-sharp A; that G-flat major piano piece was supposedly inspired by a train ride, and Fritz Kreisler arranged it for violin in G major.

Edward Elgar

In the Intermezzo: Allegretto tenth section of a piece by this composer, the woodwinds parody a woman's stutter.

World War I

In the aftermath of this conflict, specialized pieces were written for Paul Wittgenstein, such asMaurice Ravel's Piano Concerto for the Left Hand.

timpani(s)

In the early 1800s, Gerhard Cramer's technical innovations allowed for the rapid tuning of this instrument, which was developed from the Arabic naker.

piano concertos

In the fifth movement of a long, unusual piece in this genre, a male choir sings text from Adam Oehlenschläger's ("AY-dum UH-len-SHLAY-ur's") Aladdin.

(Republic of) Cuba (The first clue refers to Machito, and the third clue refers to Mongo Santamaria.)

In the film Duck Soup, Groucho Marx whistles a tune from this country called "The Peanut Vendor."

Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 in D minor, Op. 125 "Choral"

In the finale of this D minor symphony, the bass soloist enters on the words "O freunde, nicht diese Töne!" before the other voices sing about a "beautiful spark of divinity."

Jean Sibelius

In the finale of this composer's Symphony No. 5, horns introduce a theme in long half notes that begins: E-flat, up to B-flat, back down to E-flat.

timpani

In the first volume of the Concerto Project, Philip Glass's Cello Concerto is paired with his "Concerto-Fantasy" for two of these instruments.

Beethoven's Fifth Symphony

In the fourth movement of this symphony, the loud transition from the development to the recapitulation is interrupted by a quiet reprisal of a theme from the scherzo (SCARE-tsoh).

Aram Khachaturian

In the middle section of an excerpt from that ballet by this composer, the cellos and saxophone play a sinuous melody that opens with the rising pickup quarter notes F, A-flat, B-flat before landing on B-natural.

English horn

In the opening of a tone poem in 9/4 time, a solo for this instrument is accompanied by muted strings divided into 13 parts.

Symphony No. 40 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

In the opening of this symphony's finale, which is its third movement to be in sonata form, quick, loud tutti chords on 5-1-5-1-5-1 answer the violins' soft Mannheim rockets.

Camille Saint-Saëns (san-SAWNS)

In the penultimate movement of a suite by this composer, two pianos accompany a solo cello melody that depicts the beautiful movement of the title "Swan".

France

In the prologue of an early opera from this country, Cadmus and Hermione, the then-ruler of this country is depicted as Apollo slaying the Python.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

In the rst eight bars of another piece by this man, which features prominently in the lm Brief Encounter, the soloist plays bell-like chords over low Fs.

The Unfinished Symphony

In the second movement of this symphony, the first violins spell out the tonic of the relative minor in four notes before a solo clarinet plays the second theme in that relative minor's parallel key, then passes it to a solo oboe.

the creation of the world

In the second section of a work titled for this event, the cello re-introduces a fugue subject while the saxophone plays a glissando, which it also plays during the overture over a steady drumbeat.

dissonance

In the second species of counterpoint, a passing tone is the only allowed tone with this quality, which occurs on the weaker beat.

World War I

In the wake of this event, a D major pianoconcerto was written in one movement, but with a slow-fast-slow structure, and it opens with acontrabassoon solo.

The Firebird

In this ballet commissioned by Diaghilev ("dee-AH-ghee-lev"), Ivan Tsarevich summons the title character with her feather to shatter an egg, destroying Kashchei ("kuh-SHAY") the Immortal.

Indonesia

In this country, the German painter Walter Spies (VAHL-tur SHPEEZ) developed a fast, rhythmic, a cappella chant called ketjak (KET-yahk).

"Mars, the Bringer of War"

In this movement, quick triplets in trumpets clash against a euphonium (yoo-FOH-nee-um) solo over steady string quarter notes.

The Shining

In this movie, "Midnight, the Stars and You" plays as a slow zoom into the Gold Room shows the main character anachronistically appear in a photo of a 1921 party.

St John Passion

In this piece's introduction, two oboes play dissonant minor 2nds over continuous semiquavers in the strings, after which the choir enters with the words (*) "Herr, Herr, Herr".

Gustav Mahler's Symphony no. 5

In this symphony's rondo finale, the bassoon quotes the composer's song "In Praise of High Intellect" from an earlier piece.

Symphony of a Thousand

In this symphony, a sustained E major harmonium chord plays over a solo violin melody that Henry Louis de La Grange dubbed this symphony's "love theme."

Violin Concerto in E Minor, Opus 64 by Felix Mendelssohn

In this work's third movement, the soloist bows fast four-note ascending and descending arpeggios across all four strings before plucking all four strings together.

The 1812 Overture

In this work, a tambourine accompanies an English horn playing the melody from the folksong "At the Gate," or U Vorot ["OOH vah-ROTE"].

French horn

In various passages in The Rite of Spring, all eight of these instruments are played "bells up."

clocks

Ina suite from an opera, a movement representing one of these follows "The Fairy Tale Begins;" that Viennese one ofthese appears in the Háry János Suite.

tritone

It can be spelled as either a diminished fifth or an augmented fourth.

suites

It doesn't refer to a specific ensemble, but the sonata da camera followed the same format as this genre.

Goldberg Variations

It ends with a quodlibet, has a canon every three movements, and begins with an aria written to cure the insomnia of Count Keyserlingk.

Goldberg Variations

It includes a canon at the unison, a canon at the second, and so on, all the way up to a canon at the ninth.

flute

It introduces the main theme of the saltarello in the Italian Symphony, and two of them play the opening notes of the overture to A Midsummer Night's Dream.

piccolo

It is called the ottavino in Italian because it sounds one octave higherthan written.

symphony

It is not a violin sonata, but three movements exhibiting cyclic form comprise a D minor piece in this genre by César Franck (fronk).

Italy

It is said that a composer from this country saved polyphony by writing the Pope Marcellus Mass.

timpani

It is the only percussion used in Beethoven's first eight symphonies, including in the "Pastoral" symphony, where it represents thunder.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Requiem in D minor

It opens with strings accompanying the notes [read slowly] "D C-sharp D E F" played on the bassoons, which are joined by the basset horns playing a fifth higher.

pipe organs

It plays the maestoso theme of Camille Saint-Saëns's (kuh-MEE san-SAWNS's) final symphony.

serialism

It was used to write Le marteau sans maître by Pierre Boulez and many pieces by Karlheinz Stockhausen.

Christmas

It's not Easter, but this time period inspired an oratorio by J. S.

Arcangelo Corelli

It's not Lully, but the work Les gouts-reunis, or "the styles reunited," features a trio sonata written in honor of this composer.

festivals

It's not a dance, but (*) one type of these events names a collection of three piano pieces, the first of which begins with alternating G major seventh and D major seventh chords.

string quartet

It's not a song cycle, but a posthumous piece of this type begins with a long, soft G major chord that gently crescendoes into a surprise G minor chord, followed by a rhythm inspired by its composer's opera Fierrabras.

oboes

It's not the clarinet or viola, but Bach wrote a lot of music for the "d'amore" variant of this instrument.

synthesizer

It's not the piano, but Michael Riesman played this instrument in the recording of Philip Glass's Glassworks.

harp

It's not the piano, but Pleyel's chromatic version of this instrument was used for Debussy's Sacred and Profane Dances.

harp

Its default key is CÂflat major.

Jupiter Symphony

Its first movement introduces a theme taken from its composer's insertion aria "Un bacio di mano".

Jupiter Symphony

Its fourth movement begins with first violins playing the motif "C D F E" in long whole notes, and introduces a total of five different themes that are later weaved into a large fugato passage in its coda.

Gustav Mahler's Symphony no. 5

Its fourth movement, which is frequently performed separately, is an adagietto thought to be a love song dedicated to the composer's wife, Alma.

Symphony of a Thousand

Its second part is based on Goethe's Faust.

harp

Its special techniques include bisbigliando and près de la table ("pray duh lah TAHB").

Music for the Royal Fireworks

Its third movement is a largo alla siciliana titled "La Paix" (PEH), which is followed by "La Réjouissance" (rage-wee-SAWNS).

fugue

J.S.

fugue

J.S. Bach paired these pieces with preludes in his The WellTemperedClavier.

preludes

J.S. Bach wrote a set of these pieces and fugues in every major and minor key in The Well-Tempered Clavier.

cello concerto

Jacqueline du Pré popularized Edward Elgar's only foray into, for 10 points, what type of composition for a low string instrument accompanied by an orchestra?

cello

Jacqueline du Pré popularized an E minor concerto for this instrument by Edward Elgar.

Hector Berlioz

Jacques Barzun wrote two books exploring the "century" of this composer, whose final symphony includes parts for two turkish crescents and has optional parts for strings and choir.

flute

Jacques Ibert ("ee-BAIR") wrote a concerto in D major for this instrument for Marcel Moyse ("moh-EEZ"), and the Paris Conservatoire commissioned a D major concertino for this instrument by Cécile Chaminade ("say-SEEL sha-mee-NOD").

Jean Sibelius (sih-BAY-lee-us)

James Hepokoski argued that this composer's Fifth Symphony has a "rotational form."

trumpet

Jean-Baptiste Arban (*) published the most famous pedagogical method used for teaching this instrument.

madrigals

Joaquín Rodrigo based a 10-movement concerto for two guitars on a sad piece of this type ironically titled "Oh, my happy eyes."

pharaoh

Joe Zawinul ("ZAH-vin-null") wrote a piece titled for one of these people for Side One of an electric jazz album that also contains the song "Sanctuary."

Jupiter Symphony

Johann Peter Salomon coined the nickname for this symphony, comparing its magnificence to that of the chief Roman god.

clarinet(s)

Johannes Brahms dedicated two sonatas for this instrument to Richard Muhlfeld (REE-"card" MOOL-"felt").

Franz Liszt

Johannes Brahms supposedly slept through a performance of this composer's poorly received piano sonata.

clarinet

John Adams' Gnarly Buttons is for this instrument.

wind ensemble

John Mackey's Wine-Dark Sea is a piece for this instrumentation.

bassoon

John Williams wrote a concerto called The Five Sacred Trees for Judith LeClair, who is currently the New York Phil's principal chair for this instrument.

piano duet

Jörg Demus ("yurg DAYÂmus") played in one of these ensembles with Paul BaduraÂSkoda.

toccata

Kaikhosru Sorabji (kai-KOHS-roo soh-RAHB-jee) retired from performing after premiering the second of his four pieces of this type.

synthesizer

Karlheinz Stockhausen's Stop and Start features seven groups of different instruments all paired with this instrument.

drums

Korean pungmul ("POONGÂmool") features ones called janggu. Another of these instruments is tuned using a black paste made with flour and iron filings.

violin concerto

Korngold's piece of this type opens with a rising A D A D long G-sharp.

Gioachino Rossini

Late in life, this composer wrote a Kyrie (KEE-ree-ay) with a slow piano ostinato made of groups of four sixteenth notes, where the right hand plays a chord during the second note, and the left hand plays octaves for the others.

Transcendental Études

Later nicknames given by Busoni ("boo-ZOH-nee") to second and tenth of these pieces, such as "Fusées" and "Appassionata," are not commonly used.

United Kingdom

Latin text meaning "I have never put my hope in any other but in thee" opens a motet from this country; that motet, which is for eight choirs of five voices each, singing antiphonally (an-TIFF-uh-null-ee), is Spem in alium.

The Song of the Earth

Left unnumbered to avoid the "curse of the ninth,"-for 10 points-name this song-symphony by Gustav Mahler.

Cello concerto

Leo Stern premiered one work in this genre after sending its composer two rare pigeons; that piece was performed on the day that Soviet troops invaded Prague by Rostropovich, and was written by Dvořák.

Gustav Mahler's Symphony no. 5

Leonard Bernstein conducted an excerpt from this symphony for the funeral of Robert Kennedy.

clocks

Leroy Anderson wrote a piece titled for a "syncopated" one of these things.

Niccolo Paganini

Leslie Howard was the first to publish this composer's first violin concerto in its original and correct key of E-flat major.

concert overtures

Like its composer's third symphony, an EÂminor one of these pieces was inspired by an 1830 trip to Scotland.

viola

Lionel Tertis and William Primrose played this instrument, for which Trauermusik and Der Schwanendreher were written.

bagatelles

Liszt subtitled a heavily chromatic piece in this genre for being "without tonality."

playing an instrument with the left hand only

Llobet's ("youÂbet's") 9th Sor Variation for guitar uses this technique, as do Mompou's 6th Prelude and 3rd Chopin Variation.

Duke Ellington

Lorenzo Tio's "Mexican Blues" inspired a standard he wrote with Barney Bigard that swapped the trombone and clarinet's registers to create a "mike-tone."

The Firebird

Low strings open this through-composed ballet in A-flat minor by slowly repeating A-flat F-flat E-flat D F G before a natural-harmonic glissando reveals a magic garden.

bassoon

Major composers of solo repertoire for this instrument include Ludwig Milde and Julius Weissenborn.

The Firebird

Many '80s pop songs sample the orchestral hit on A and E that opens this ballet's "Infernal Dance."

Fugue

Many of Max Reger's non-vocal works such as the final movement of Fantasy and [this form] on Bach exemplify this form.

pipe organs

Many of these instruments include a "vox humana," so named because it supposedly resembles the human voice.

madrigals

Many of these pieces by Carlo Gesualdo ("jezz-WALL-doh") and Claudio Monteverdi have elaborate word painting.

string quartets by Franz Joseph Haydn

Many of these works were written for the composer's patron, Prince Nikolaus Esterhazy.

Spain

Many pieces imitating this country's music use a "dotted eighth, sixteenth, eighth, eighth" note ostinato.

Franz Liszt

Marc-André Hamelin (om-LAN) and Sergei Rachmaninoff both composed difficult cadenzas for a piano piece by this composer consisting of a somber lassan (LAW-shawn) followed by a playful friska (FREESH-kah).

trumpet

Maurice Andre popularized the use of "piccolo" variant of this instrument in Baroque works such as Brandenburg Concerto No. 2 instead of the usual "natural" variant in order to play in clarino register.

trumpet

Maurice André, Timofei Dokshitzer, and Alison Balsom have played an AÂflat concerto for it by Arutiunian.

drums

Max Roach played this instrument, which is given a prominent solo on Benny Goodman's 1938 recording of "Sing, Sing, Sing."

E minor

Mendelssohn had the soloist enter almost right away in his (*) Violin Concerto in this key.

trumpet

Merri Franquin ("franÂCAN") commissioned George Enescu's Légende ("layÂJOND") for this instrument and piano.

Poland

Miriam Mahdaviani created a ballet based on a solo clarinet piece by a composer from this country whose allegro giocoso third movement alternates between 2/4 and 3/4 time; that work is Dance Preludes.

Miserere mei, Deus

Modern performances of this piece usually follow the 19th century version of W. S. Rockstro, despite the fact he had accidentally transposed part of it a (*) perfect fourth up.

Latin masses

Mozart left his "Great C minor" one unfinished, and Haydn wrote pieces in this genre named "In Time of War" and "Nelson."

oboes

Mozart reworked his C major concerto for this instrument into his second flute concerto.

French horn

Mozart's fourth concerto for this instrument contains a Rondo final movement designed to evoke a hunt.

flamenco (This question translates the Spanish golpeador, Paco de Lucía's "Entre dos aguas," palmas, and cante jondo.)

Music in this tradition frequently uses the Phrygian mode, but often adds a melodic raised third or seventh.

cello

Music reviewer Richard Franko Goldman coined the term "metric modulation" after he saw a premiere of Elliott Carter's only sonata for this instrument.

string quartet

Near his death, Schubert composed his 13th, 14th, and 15th pieces of this type.

lute

Noah Greenberg, W. H. Auden, and Chester Kallman collaborated on an anthology of songs originally accompanied by this instrument.

France

Noble courts in this country provided the main patronage of a loosely defined "school" of composers from Flanders.

Symphony No. 5 in D minor by Dmitri Shostakovich

Note: Composer and title required.

Indonesia

Novices often perform a piece from this country called "Golden Rain," or "Udan Mas."

Jean Sibelius

Olin Downes said that a tone poem by this composer that also exists in an earlier single-movement "Yale" version was "the finest evocation of the sea ever produced in music."

cello

Olivier Messiaen (oh-leev-YAY mess-YAWN) premiered Quartet for the End of Time with a three-stringed version of this instrument.

French horn

Olivier Messiaen (oh-leev-YAY mess-YAWN) used squiggly lines to indicate for this instrument to play a "discolored" sound of oscillating pitch in the "Interstellar Call" movement from his From the Canyons to the Stars.

Appalachian Spring

On a whim, a line from Hart Crane's "The Bridge" was chosen to title this ballet, whose score includes music for "The Bride's Dance" and five variations on "Simple Gifts."

string quartets by Franz Joseph Haydn

One G major piece of this type sometimes called "How Do You Do?" unusually begins with a perfect authentic cadence, and its last movement is a theme and variations using a gigue ["ZHEEG"] rhythm.

Hungary

One composer from this country called for the lower strings to be tuned down a semitone in his B minor cello sonata.

requiem mass

One composer of a work with this title died after writing eight measures of its "Lacrymosa" movement, which begins with strings playing ascending and descending minor seconds in groups of two.

serialism

One form of this technique was first fully described by Lev Koblyakov.

Jelly Roll Morton

One member of this man's band included Johnny St. Cyr, who played a six-string guitar-banjo hybrid during his time in that band.

blue

One musical piece named for this colour is used during the docking sequence in 2001: A Space Odyssey, while another piece named for this colour was inspired by a train ride to Boston and opens with a 17-note clarinet glissando.

suites

One of eight of these pieces Handel published in 1720 ends with "The Harmonious Blacksmith."

Mikhail Glinka

One of his own songs, "The Lark", from his Farewell to St Petersburg, was adapted for piano by Mily Balakirev.

Thomas Tallis

One of his works was commissioned by Thomas Howard to outdo Alessandro Striggio's (STREE-jo's) Ecce beatam lucem (ETCH-ay bay-AH-tahm LOO-chem).

Renaissance masses

One of the most famous "paraphrase" pieces of this type is based on Thomas Aquinas's hymn Pange Lingua.

violoncello

One of them has a long solo at the beginning of the slow movement of Brahms's second (*) piano concerto.

piano études by Frédéric Chopin

One of them opens with quick, dissonant minor seconds as if played by accident.

string quartets

One of these groups commissioned the firstwork to consistently employ metric modulation.

string quartets

One of these groups specializing in music of the Second Viennese School is calledLaSalle.

synthesizer

One of these instruments created at Columbia-Princeton Music Center was frequently used by composers such as Halim El-Dabh and Wendy Carlos.

trombone

One of these instruments opens the "Tuba Mirum" of Mozart's Requiem, and a solo in Mahler's 3rd Symphony is played molto portamento.

trombone

One of these instruments represents a priest's chant in the Russian Easter Overture, and Rimsky-Korsakov also composed a (*) concerto for this instrument and military band.

piano trios

One of these pieces and Three Romances are the only known chamber music by Clara Schumann.

piano sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven

One of these pieces by this composer opens by twice repeating a dotted falling fifth over an F minor seventh, then three short chords and one long chord a half-step higher.

piano sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven

One of these pieces by this composer opens with a tricky rapid alternation of C-E and B-D major-third dyads in theright hand.

concert overtures

One of these pieces ends with the first statement of a shrill "victory symphony" in F major.

string quartets by Franz Joseph Haydn

One of these pieces in this composer's Opus 33 earned its nickname because of a three-measure grand pause false ending before two measures of the main theme are restated; that piece's nickname is (*) "The Joke."

J. S. Bach's cello suites

One of these pieces is partly notated in alto clef, and another may have been written for viola pomposa.

string quartets by Franz Joseph Haydn

One of these pieces opens with a held B-flat major chord under a gentle rising and falling theme that starts with the notes E-natural, F.

piano sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven

One of these pieces opens with a phrase moving from C major via a secondary dominant to G firstinversion, which is followed by the same phrase starting in B-flat major.

string quartet

One of these pieces was nicknamed after a poem by Matthias Claudius.

clocks

One of these things provides the subtitle for Haydn's Symphony No. 101.

piano études by Frédéric Chopin

One of these works for piano is titled for A-flat major but uses E-flat as tonic; that work is named (*) "Aeolian Harp," which is in the same collection as "Butterfly" and "Winter Wind."

piano sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven

One of these works is dedicated to Count Waldstein,and another opens with C-sharp-minor triplet arpeggios, likened to a lunar glow reflected in a lake by LudwigRellstab.

piano études by Frédéric Chopin

One of these works is marked "Presto, half note = 112" and is nicknamed "The Bees."

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (GUR-tuh)

One of this author's poems is set in a song whose piano accompaniment opens by rapidly repeating F A F E D E.

Franz Liszt

One of this composer's pieces begins with a descending G Phrygian scale marked sotto voce (soh-toh VO-chay), which is followed by a marcato theme played in the left hand that is revisited in the F-sharp-major Adagio sostenuto movement.

George Gershwin

One of this composer's songs describes how "the livin' is easy, the fish are jumpin'" on Catfish Row.

United Kingdom

One of this country's monarchs composed Pastime with Good Company.

Anton Bruckner

One of this man's songs begins with a 58-measure baritone solo over a humming voice choir and calls for three yodelers.

Georg Philipp Telemann

One piece by this composer consists of three "productions" and was intended to be performed as accompaniment to a meal.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

One piece by this composer includes a movementthat features five cadenzas for brass, violin, flute, clarinet, and harp respectively; that movement is titled "Scena ecanto gitano".

Franz Joseph Haydn

One piece by this composer received its nickname from a passage in which the first violin plays the notes D and A in unison with a technique called bariolage.

Dmitri Shostakovich

One piece by this man ends with the strings holding A and E under clattering percussion and castanets.

concert overtures

One piece in this genre begins with three sustained unison C's in the strings, each followed by a lacerating chord for the full orchestra.

Latin masses

One piece in this genre includes a difficult fugue on the (*) words "et vitam venturi."

oratorios

One piece in this genre includes a lilting strings passage depicting the words "waft her, angels, thro' the skies."

festivals

One piece named after this thing begins with English horn and clarinet rapidly ascending triplets at tempo marked "anime et tres rythme"; Camille Chevillard conducted the premiere of that piece by Debussy along with Nuages (noo-azh).

toccata

One piece of this type begins with a buildup to a diminished seventh chord and is the first section of a two-part piece featured in the opening of Fantasia.

toccata

One piece of this type for piano begins with the hands alternating as they rapidly hit a D note.

double bass

One player of this instrument who wrote the songs "Jade Visions" and "Gloria's Step" was replaced by Chuck Israels when he died in a car accident shortly after recording Sunday at the Village Vanguard.

wind ensemble

One suite for this instrumentation is based on six folk tunes, including "Rufford Park Poacher."

Dmitri (Dmitriyevich) Shostakovich

One symphony by this composer quotes the song "You Fell a Victim" in its thirdmovement, a funeral march in G minor titled "Eternal Memory."

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

One treatise on counterpoint is presented as a dialogue between Aloysius, who represents this composer, and the student Josephus; that textbook, which promoted this composer's compositional style, is the Gradus ad Parnassum by Johann Joseph Fux ("fooks").

Carl Maria Von Weber (VAY-bur)

One work by this composer begins with the soloist entering on a high concert E-flat and immediately dropping three octaves to low concert E-flat; that woodwind concertante work was dedicated to Heinrich Baermann.

pipe organs

One work in A major for this instrument was based on a Lutheran hymn "Aus tiefer Not"; that work is part of Felix Mendelssohn's set of six sonatas for this instrument.

oratorios

One work in this genre includes a Pifa or "Pastoral Symphony."

Mass

One work of this type opens with Thomas Ken's "Awake, my soul, and with the sun", and incorporates a poem from Blake's Songs of Innocence.

requiem mass

One work with this title, written by Giuseppe Verdi, has a Sanctus movement which uses two choruses.

Thomas Tallis

Only the Gloria, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei survive of this composer's seven-voice Christmas mass Puer natus est nobis.

George Handel's Messiah

Only the current Watkins Shaw edition of this work assigns an Air in 3/4 time from it to the alto.

oboes

Orchestras tune to the concert A played by this instrument.

madrigals

Orlando Gibbons based a piece of this type about a silver swan on Jacques Arcadelt's "Il bianco e dolce cigno" ("eel b'YAHN-ko ay DOLE-chay CHEEN-yo").

swan

Orlando Gibbons wrote a madrigal titled for a silver one of these animals, and one laments that he is (*) "now black and well roasted" in the aria "Olim lacus colueram".

"Sabre Dance"

Oscar Levant performed an arrangement of this piece for piano and orchestra in The Barkleys of Broadway after his efforts partly led Newsweek to proclaim 1948 the year of its composer due to this piece's popularity.

playing an instrument with the left hand only

Otakar Hollmann commissioned Janáček's ("YAÂnaÂcheck's") Capriccio for flute, brass, and piano, which uses this technique throughout.

suites

Other names for this genre include "ordre" and "partita."

Gioachino Rossini

Ottorino Respighi's (ress-PEEG-ee's) "Tarantella 'puro sangue'" is one of four orchestrations of this composer's late piano pieces.

Ma vlast

Parts of this work depict the Vyšehrad ("VISH-eh-raht") castle and the Vltava (vull-TAH-vah) River.

string bass

Paul Chambers played two notes on this instrument before the first piano chord on Miles Davis's "So What."

viola

Paul Hindemith premiered a concerto for this instrument by William Walton.

wind ensemble

Paul Hindemith's only work for this instrumentation was his Symphony In B-Flat, and Georg Friedrich Handel wrote a suite originally in this genre to accompany (*) fireworks.

Leoš Janáček (LEH-ohsh YAH-naw-check)

Paul Wingfield edited a book of studies on this composer; his reconstruction of this composer's late mass based on a faulty non-Latin text moved its "Intrada" to the beginning.

cantatas

Percy Grainger adapted a movement from a work of this type for his Blithe Bells; that work of this type features a soprano soloist accompanied by two recorders.

concert band

Percy Grainger composed Lincolnshire Posy for this ensemble.

flamenco (This question translates the Spanish golpeador, Paco de Lucía's "Entre dos aguas," palmas, and cante jondo.)

Performers in this tradition use both open and cupped hands to make loud and soft handclaps, or "palms."

drone

Phill Niblock uses these musical effects in his annual winter solstice concerts.

lute

Pieces for this instrument by composers like Vincenzo Galilei (veen-CHENT-so gah-lee-LAY) form the basis of Ottorino Respighi's (ress-PEEG-ee's) Ancient Airs and Dances.

bagatelles

Pieces in this genre are collected in Beethoven's Opus 119, Opus 126, and Opus 33.

Miserere mei, Deus

Pietro Alfieri detailed the original ornaments of this piece, whose score was first published by Charles Burney.

Spain

Pizzicato strings and harp in 6/8 time open the orchestrated version of the fourth movement of Maurice Ravel's Miroirs (meer-WAHR) suite, which imitates music from this country.

drums

Players of one of these instruments often recite memorized series of bols called thekas, which include tintal.

trumpets

Players of this instrument often audition with its slow, bluesy solo from the middle section of An American in Paris, which is meant to evoke homesickness.

(Republic of) Cuba (The first clue refers to Machito, and the third clue refers to Mongo Santamaria.)

Popular dance styles from this country include rumba and conga.

Beethoven's Fifth Symphony

Premiered at the same concert as its composer's next symphony, this piece ends with 29 consecutive bars of C major chords.

George Handel's Messiah

Purely instrumental segments in this work include an opening E minor French overture for oboes and strings called the "Sinfony," and an interlude inspired by (*) shepherd-bagpipers known as the "Pifa."

concert band

Ralph Vaughan Williams quoted the folk songs "Dives and Lazarus" and "Seventeen Come Sunday" in the first movement of a suite for this ensemble.

Antonio Vivaldi

Rapid ascending minor scales and tremolos depict thunderstorms in the first two works in this composer's collection The Contest Between Harmony and Invention.

playing an instrument with the left hand only

Ravel wrote a DÂminor concerto using this technique for Paul Wittgenstein, a pianist injured in World War I.

harp

Ravel's (*) Introduction and Allegro features Érard's doubleÂaction version of this instrument.

sitar

Ravi Shankar popularized, for 10 points, what droning gourd-shaped Hindustani instrument?

harp

Renié ("runÂYAY") and Salzedo ("saltÂSAYÂdoh") name methods for playing this instrument.

French horn

Richard Strauss dedicated his second concerto for this instrument to the memory of his deceased father, who was the principal player of this instrument for the Munich court orchestra.

Carl Maria Von Weber (VAY-bur)

Richard Wagner (VOG-ner) composed a piece for wind ensemble called Trauermusik for the burial of this composer in Dresden.

George Frideric Handel

Rinaldo and Giulio Cesare (JOOL-yo CHEZ-ah-ray) were operas by, for 10 points, what German-born Baroque composer of "The Harmonious Blacksmith" and The Messiah?

piano sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven

Rising C-sharp minor arpeggios open the "presto agitato" finale of one of these pieces subtitled "Quasi Una Fantasia."

French horn

Rising clarinet arpeggios introduce a metrically offset solo for this instrument, which includes a chromatic passing tone between the second and third scale degrees, in Richard ["REE-card"] Strauss' Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks.

toccata

Robert Schumann said that the hardest composition ever written was his own Opus 7, a piece of this type.

two pianists

Robert and Gaby Casadesus played many pieces for this combination of players, including a sonata by Bela Bartokin which they are joined by two percussionists.

violin concerto

Samuel Barber's only piece of this type ends with a frantic perpetuum mobile (per-PET-choo-um MO-bee-lay).

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (GUR-tuh)

Schubert used a "spinning" motif in the lied (leed) "Gretchen at the Spinning Wheel," which is based on a text by this man.

piano duet

Schubert wrote an FÂminor fantasy for this ensemble.

piano four hands

Schubert's F minor Fantasy and his "Grand" C major sonata, like Brahms' Hungarian Dances, were written for this "domestic" ensemble.

string quartet

Schubert's Impromptu in B-flat major reuses a theme from his A minor piece of this type based on his incidental music to the play Rosamunde.

Latin masses

Schubert's last two pieces in this genre are No. 5 in AÂflat major and No. 6 in EÂflat major.

playing an instrument with the left hand only

Scriabin's Opus 9 is a Prelude and Nocturne using this technique.

Transcendental Études

Sergei Lyapunov wrote his Opus 11 in order to "complete" these pieces, which originally did not include any pieces in sharp key signatures.

piano sonatas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Several early examples of these works, including one containing a notable rondeau en polonaise, were published during their creator's time in Munich.

flutes

Sikuri music is usually played with an instrument from this family called the siku.

Arcangelo Corelli

Simultaneously playing a delayed leading tone and an anticipated tonic is called this composer's "cadence" or "clash."

Symphony No. 5 by Ludwig van Beethoven in C minor

Since modern horns no longer require hand-stopping for key changes, it is now rare for the recapitulation of this symphony's first movement to be introduced by the bassoons as indicated in the score.

World War I

Six movements dedicated to participants in this event make up Le tombeau deCouperin.

fanfares

Six pieces in this genre released between 1986 and 2016 were all dedicated to Marin Alsop of the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra.

Jean Sibelius

Solo cello and viola answer an English horn's melody at the beginning of a tone poem by this composer, whose last symphony has only one movement and contains a theme named for his wife, Aino.

timpani

Solos for this instrument open Beethoven's Violin Concerto and Grieg's Piano Concerto.

trumpet

Solos for this instrument open Shostakovich's first symphony, the Lieutenant Kijé suite, and the fourth movement of Dvořák's 8th symphony.

(Republic of) Cuba (The first clue refers to Machito, and the third clue refers to Mongo Santamaria.)

Some musical ensembles from this country are called charangas.

oratorios

Some of the earliest works in this genre were written by Emilio de' Cavalieri and Giacomo Carissimi.

Christmas

Songs from this time inspired a "ceremony" composed by Benjamin Britten.

Gabriel Fauré's Requiem

Sopranos sing the melody over broken D major chords in this piece's last movement, "In Paradisum", and a soprano soloist sings the fourth movement "Pie Jesu".

fireworks displays

Stravinsky alluded to Dukas in hisscherzo "gift" for Nadia Rimsky-Korsakov depicting these phenomena, which earned him the commission for TheFirebird.

Steve Reich

Strings play broken chords in "paradiddle" rhythms in a chamber piece by this composer of Come Out and It's Gonna Rain.

France

Styles called ars antica and ars nova flourished in a school named for one of this country's churches.

Symphony No. 40 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Symphony No. 25 is the "Little" counterpart of this second of two minor-key symphonies by its composer, which precedes the Jupiter Symphony.

Carl Nielsen

Tempi denoted collerico, flematico, sanguineo, and malincolico reflect the title of this composer's Symphony No. 2, called "The Four Temperaments."

Indonesia

Tempo ftexibility in this country's music is evoked in the first movement of the piece Estampes (ess-TAHMP-uh).

dissonance

Tensions at the beginning of Mozart's String Quartet No. 19 resulted in it being nicknamed after this property.

tritone

That "substitution" is effective because this is the only interval in 12-tone equal temperament that is invariant under inversion.

symphony

That Anton Webern (VAY-burn) piece in this genre is scored for nine instruments.

World War I

That E minor Toccata closes a Baroque-inspired suite whose six movements are dedicated to friends who participated in this event.

bassoon

That aria is sung by a character who, after spending all of his money to woo a woman, has finally seen his love requited.

United Kingdom

That composer contributed two pavanes (pa-VONS) and four galliards (GAL-yerds) to the first printed collection of keyboard music from this country.

madrigals

That composer divided his eighth book of these pieces into songs of war and songs of love.

Italy

That composer from here incorporated a phonograph recording of a nightingale in the second entry of a "trilogy" that also depicts the "festivals" and "fountains" of this country's capital.

John Adams

That composer with this name won the 2014 Pulitzer Prize in Music for his one-movement piece Become Ocean.

John Adams

That composer with this name wrote an opera whose aria "News Has a Kind of Mystery" is sung after a jet lands in Beijing, and Chairman Mao dances the foxtrot in its last act.

Schumann

That composer with this surname premiered Brahms's Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel.

Schumann

That composer wrote a symphony whose fourth movement in the parallel key of E-flat minor opens with a brass (*) chorale of trombones and horns playing a series of rising fourths, has five movements, and was inspired by the coronation of an archbishop at the Cologne Cathedral.

London

That concert includes pieces such as Hubert Parry's "Jerusalem" and a fantasia on sea songs by Henry Wood, and is a special "Last Night" concert held in mid-September.

viola

That concerto was first recorded by Frederick Riddle and originally dedicated to Christabel McLaren.

Johann Sebastian Bach

That edition distinguished two ways of adapting this composer's music: Bearbeitung (buh-AR-bye-toong) and Übertragung (oo-buh-TRAH-goong).

Aram Khachaturian

That excerpt by this composer is heard during a triple wedding whose couples include Karen and Nune [pause] and Kazakov and the title character.

Sergei Rachmaninov

That latter piece by this composer has a folk-like saxophone solo in its "Non Allegro" first movement and quotes a theme from his first symphony, whose (*) premiere was screwed up by a possibly-drunk Alexander Glazunov.

pharaoh

That man with this first name worked with Alice Coltrane on Journey in Satchidananda and wrote the album Colors.

Sir William Turner Walton

That march premiered at the coronation of George VI, and was performed again in 1953 alongside this composer's Orb and Sceptre.

Italy

That mass is scored for six voices, but ends with a seven-voice reprisal of the Agnus Dei.

The Unfinished Symphony

That movement's first theme begins with two repetitions of a slurred "dotted half, dotted quarter, eighth eighth eighth" figure on oboe and clarinet.

Republic of Indonesia

That music from this country is played to accompany wayang shadow-puppet shows by large percussion ensembles, and also inspired the Estampes of Debussy, including his "Pagodes."

piano

That musician was Erroll Garner.

piano

That musician wrote a cantata that combines the Torah with Martin Luther King, Jr. speeches called The Gates of Justice.

drums

That musician's wife Abbey Lincoln screams over the sound of this instrument for over a minute on the track "Triptych" from Freedom Now Suite.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

That negative reaction drove this composer into a four-year depression, which he escaped by writing his Piano Concerto No. 2.

Poland

That non-Bach composer from this country included a B-A-C-H motif in several tone rows in his atonal St. Luke's Passion.

piano sonatas by Ludwig van Beethoven

That one of these pieces unusually has no slow movements and three sonata-form ones.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

That piece by him comprises five linked movements, the first and third of which are marked "Vivo e strepitoso" and are identical except for their key and orchestration.

(Jakob Ludwig) Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy

That piece by this composer opens Allegro moderato ma con fuoco in the key of E-flat major and contains a celebrated Allegro leggierissimo scherzo.

China

That piece inspired by this country has movements titled "The Drunkard in Spring" and "The Drinking Song of Earth's Sorrow."

China

That piece inspired by this country's poetry, written as a way to circumvent the "Curse of the Ninth," is Mahler's Song of the Earth.

piano concertos

That piece inthis genre ends with a chorus singing lines from Adam Oehlenschläger's Aladdin and was written by FerruccioBusoni.

piano concertos

That piece is the second of four pieces composed in this genre by Sergei Rachmaninoff.

string quartets by Béla Bartók

That piece was first performed in 1929 in Budapest.

string quartets by Béla Bartók

That piece's unpaired central movement is a scherzo featuring a 4-plus-2-plus-3 rhythm marked "alla bulgarese."

double bass

That piece, Epitaph, was composed by a player of this instrument who opened his album The Clown with his composition "Haitian Fight Song."

Latin masses

That piece, started in 1819 for Archduke Rudolf, wasn't finished until 1824.

viola

That piece, which ends with the "Orgy of the Brigands," is Harold in Italy.

piano

That player of this instrument composed "Straight, No Chaser" and "'Round Midnight."

double bass

That player of this instrument paid tribute to Lester Young with the song "Goodbye Porkpie Hat" and recorded the albums Pithecanthropus Erectus and [his name] Ah Um.

Jean Sibelius

That second movement of a suite by this composer is in 9/4 and features an English horn solo.

pharaoh

That song, the first track on Miles Davis's album Bitches Brew, is titled for the "Dance" of one of these people.

oratorios

That work in this genre includes a long trumpet solo depicting a moment that begins "in the (*) twinkling of an eye, at the last trump."

Christmas

That work is its composer's (*) Concerto Grosso Opus 6, No. 8.

requiem mass

That work was finished by Franz Süssmayr ["SOOS-my-err"].

Dmitri Shostakovich

That work, this man's final symphony, opens with a "toyshop" movement that begins with a glockenspiel chime and quotes the William Tell Overture.

Damnation of Faust

The "30 years" movement of Charles Alkan's Grande Sonata is named after this subject.

Ralph Vaughan Williams

The "Lento moderato" second movement of this composer's third symphony opens with a natural horn solo, and culminates in a trumpet cadenza over a pedal point in the strings.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

The "Procession of the Nobles" is often excerpted from this composer's opera Mlada.

suites

The "standard" format of these pieces was established by Froberger.

Also sprach Zarathustra ("ALL-zoh shprock tsah-rah-TOOS-trah")

The 1902 Budapest premiere of a piece based on this text inspired Béla Bartók's early tone poem Kossuth ("KOH-shoot").

piano trios

The 2/4 D minor second movement "Largo" of a piece in this genre may have been intended as the overture to an opera adaptation of Macbeth and gives the piece its nickname due to its (*) spookiness.

Fugue

The 24th variation of Beethoven's Diabelli Variations is a short example of this type of work.

Republic of Indonesia

The Aeolian mode of a Assez vif, tres rhythme movement's first theme references this country's colotomic music; that movement is in a quartet that was inspired by an earlier piece in the same genre in G minor.

Felix Mendelssohn

The Andante con moto second movement of that symphony by this composer, according to Ignaz Moscheles ("EEG-nots MOH-sheh-les"), draws on a Czech pilgrims' song.

sitar

The Beatles' George Harrison studied under the best-known player of this instrument who composed the score for Satyajit Ray's Apu Trilogy.

nocturnes

The Bells of Geneva movement from Liszt's Years of Pilgrimage is one of these pieces.

string bass

The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady was released by a player of this instrument who wrote "Goodbye Pork Pie Hat"; that man is Charles Mingus.

Spring

The C-sharp minor "Largo" second movement of a piece with this title specifies that the viola "must always sound very loud and agitated," as it represents a goatherd's (*) barking dog.

flute

The Coolidge Foundation commissioned that sonata for this instrument, whose first movement in E minor is marked Allegro malinconico, from Francis Poulenc ("frawn-SEESE poo-LANK").

piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

The E-flat major "Larghetto" second movement of one of these pieces in C minor is in cut common time, and omits the trumpets and timpani.

piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

The E-flat major ninth of these pieces begins with the soloist interrupting the orchestra almost right away.

string quartets by Franz Joseph Haydn

The F-sharp major largo second movement of one of these pieces is marked Cantabile e mesto ("kahn-TAH-bee-lay ay MESS-toh"); that piece is sometimes nicknamed "Graveyard."

Thomas Tallis

The Gimell Records label records the work of an early music ensemble founded by Peter Phillips called this musician's "Scholars."

Republic of Indonesia

The Gnossiennes of Erik Satie were inspired by a musical form from this country that uses heptatonic pelogs and pentatonic slendros.

Mass

The Mahabharata features in a work of this type alongside Kipling's "Hymn Before Action", having opened with marching feet and a piccolo solo.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

The Moderato e risoluto first movement of a G major sonata by this composer introduces the "Grand Motif."

"Surprise" Symphony

The Seasons quotes the theme of this piece's second movement, whose variations do not repeat a certain kettledrum flourish.

Quartet for the End of Time

The Tashi Group is probably best known for recording this piece for RCA label.

Republic of Indonesia

The Voyager Golden Record includes a ketawang from this country titled Puspawarna.

fanfares

The aforementioned piece in this genre was commissioned by Eugene Goosens to honor World War II soldiers.

Republic of Turkey

The aforementioned stop was used to play the last movement of an A major piano sonata, numbered the composer's eleventh, in this country's namesake style.

nocturnes

The andante third movement of Borodin's (*) String Quartet No. 2 is this kind of piece.

Beethoven's Fifth Symphony

The attacca transition between this symphony's third and fourth movements marks a dramatic shift from C minor to a triumphant C major.

piano

The bandleader of "Take Five" on Time Out, as well as the bandleader of "Mood Indigo" and "Take the 'A' Train," played this instrument.

clarinet

The basset horn is a variant of, for 10 points, whatsingle-reed woodwind instrument, which plays a notable glissando at the opening of Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue?

circuses

The best known work of Julius Fučík has become associated with these places, where it may be performed as a screamer under the name "Thunder and Blazes".

George Frideric Handel

The castrati Senesino and Gaetano Berenstadt premiered roles by this composer in an opera in which a natural horn opens the aria "Va tacito e nascosto" (vah TAH-chee-toh ay noss-COAST-oh).

Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 in D minor, Op. 125 "Choral"

The celli and basses (*) introduce the main theme of this symphony's last movement, which is often called a "symphony within a symphony."

Leningrad Symphony

The coda of this piece's allegro non troppo final movement quotes the opening theme of Anton Bruckner's Eighth Symphony.

Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 in D minor, Op. 125 "Choral"

The coda of this symphony's scherzo reprises the first eight bars of the trio section, before suddenly breaking off and ending the movement.

Symphony No. 5 by Ludwig van Beethoven in C minor

The codetta to the first movement of this symphony references the two fortissimo phrases that open this symphony in C minor, the first of which, played by clarinets and strings, is the phrase (read slowly) "G G G long E flat."

viola

The commissioner rejected a symphony that features this instrument for having too many rests in the solo part.

The Planets, Op. 32

The composer adapted amelody from this work into the hymn "Thaxted" to fit Cecil Spring Rice's poem "I Vow to Thee, My Country;" thatmovement is subtitled "The Bringer of Jollity."

"Surprise" Symphony

The composer later used a tune originally from this piece for another piece in which the piccolo plays it to represent a whistling ploughman.

Mexico

The composer of Sinfonia India was a native of this country who influenced Aaron Copland 's musical depiction of one of its dance halls; that composer was Carlos Chavez.

Damnation of Faust

The composer of that work later added a "Chorus Mysticus" section to its finale, which also shares its name with the finale of Mahler's Symphony of a Thousand.

France

The composer of the Quartet for the End of Time, Olivier Messiaen ["oh-liv-ee-YAY mess-ay-AHN"], was from this country; he taught a serialist composer and conductor from this country, Pierre Boulez ["boo-LEZ"].

The 1812 Overture

The composer of this piece noted that the bells at the end of this piece should be "struck in a manner of celebratory singing"; the score also famously calls for the French national anthem, "La Marseillaise" ["la mar-say-EZ"], to be interrupted by "the instrument used...to represent cannon fire."

Symphony No. 5 in D minor by Dmitri Shostakovich

The composer of this work gave it the subtitle "the creative reply of a Soviet artist to justified criticism."

Violin Concerto in E Minor, Opus 64 by Felix Mendelssohn

The composer of this work wrote out the extended cadenza that unusually interrupts the capitulation, and which requires ricochet bowing.

piano concertos

The composer who wrote a heavier ossia cadenza for one piece in this genre and dedicated another to his hypnotherapist Nikolai Dahl was Sergei Rachmaninoff.

piano études by Frédéric Chopin

The composer's friend Charles Hoffmann suggested the simple, lento four-bar introduction to one of these pieces whose abrupt allegro con brio section's noodly runs over A minor triads outline a long, descending chromatic scale.

Symphony of a Thousand

The composer's friend Emil Gutman coined the nickname of this symphony after witnessing 858 singers and 171 musicians play the piece at its premiere in Munich.

string quartets by Ludwig van Beethoven

The cool reception to the thirteenth of these compositions caused the composer to write a lighter finale to replace the Grosse Fuge (GROH-suh FOO-guh).

Finland

The current composer-in-residence at the New York Philharmonic is from this country, as is a violin concerto whose soloist enters with the notes G A D as pianissimo strings play a D minor chord.

Robert Schumann

The dream of a young child is the subject of the "Träumerei" (TROWM-rye) movement of his Kinderszenen (kin-dust-SANE-in).

bassoon

The dulcian was the Renaissance precursor to this instrument, which is now generally made according to the Heckel system and features a "pancake key."

Transcendental Études

The eighth of these pieces in C minor is marked Presto furioso and is nicknamed the "Wild Hunt."

Charles Ives

The ending of a piece by this composer was described as strings "quietly prolonging" a G major triad "into eternity."

string quartets by Ludwig van Beethoven

The extensive third movement of another of these pieces by this composer alternates between adagio chordal passages in F Lydian (LID-ee-in) and D major sections marked "feeling new strength."

Gustav Mahler

The fifth movement of a piece by this composer says that performers should be "cheeky in expression" for the performance of "Three Angels Sang."

Fugue

The final aria of Verdi's Falstaff, "Tutto nel mundo e burla," can be considered an example of this type of work.

trumpet

The final movement of Hindemith's sonata for this instrument and piano borrows a theme from the chorale "All Men Must Die."

French horn

The final movement of a concerto for this instrument begins with a low B-flat followed by six E-flats; that concerto was one of four that Mozart wrote for Joseph (*) Leutgeb ["LOIT-geb"], who played this instrument.

string quartets by Ludwig van Beethoven

The final movement of one of these compositions was inscribed with the question "Muss es sein?" (moose is ZYNE), which is answered "Es muss sein!" (is MOOSE zyne).

Ludwig van Beethoven

The final section of this composer's oratorio begins "Welten singen Dank und Ehre" ("VELT-in ZING-in DONK oont AY-ruh"), and is often performed as a Hallelujah Chorus.

Transcendental Études

The final version of these pieces removed all stretches larger than a tenth and was dedicated to the composer's teacher, (*) Carl Czerny ("CHAIR-nee").

Felix Mendelssohn

The finale of a symphony by this composer begins with a decrescendo, followed by the flutes playing a melody marked leggiero ("lej-JEH-roh") over eighth note string triplets.

Ottorino Respighi

The finale of a work by this composer introduces six buccine ("boo-CHEE-nay") to represent a military march down the Appian Way, along which the title greenery grows.

Felix Mendelssohn

The finale of his Fifth Symphony opens with a flute quoting Luther's hymn "Ein feste Burg," while its first movement uses the "Dresden Amen."

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

The finale of one piece by this composer features a melody in 6/16 time, in which a low flute plays the notes Fsharp- G-sharp - A - G-natural in an eighth-sixteenth rhythm.

violin concerto

The finale of the second one of these pieces by Niccolò Paganini is nicknamed "La Campanella."

Dmitri (Dmitriyevich) Shostakovich

The finale of this composer's Piano Trio No. 2 includes an oom-pah ostinato alternating between E-major and Dsharpdominant-seventh chords.

Felix Mendelssohn

The finale of this man's Fourth Symphony includes a saltarello and tarantella, which are dances from the country that symphony is usually named after.

piano études by Frédéric Chopin

The first complete edition published by Alfred Cortot prefaces these pieces with copious (*) workouts for isolating difficulties.

Leningrad Symphony

The first drafts of this piece were set to sections from Psalm 9 chosen with the help of Ivan Sollertinsky.

Transcendental Études

The first editor of this collection referred to the ninth of these pieces as a "bundle of faded love letters."

fugue

The first movement of Béla Bartók's Music for String, Percussion, and Celesta is in this musical form.

Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich

The first movement of one of his symphonies repeats a 22-bar ostinato twelve times, getting louder each time.

J. S. Bach's cello suites

The first movement of the first of these pieces relies heavily on bariolage ("bario-LODGE") and begins with an arpeggiated G major chord.

Samuel Barber

The first movement of this composer's piano concerto begins with a cadenza for the soloist, while the flute introduces the theme of the second-movement Canzone.

Quartet for the End of Time

The first movement of this piece notably uses ragavardhana rhythm and sees the cello play a five-note ostinato of C-E-D-F-sharp-B-flat throughout the entire movement.

George Handel's Messiah

The first of its three parts includes the arias "Comfort ye my people" and "Ev'ry valley shall be exalted."

the solo cello suites of Johann Sebastian Bach

The first of them begins with an arpeggiated figure starting with an ascending [read slowly] G-D-B, followed by an A a whole tone lower.

Norway

The first person from this country to become a celebrity throughout Europe was the 19th-century violinist Ole Bull (OO-luh BOOL).

English horn

The flute plays a call-and-response with this instrument in the Ranz des Vaches ("rahntz day VAHSH") section of the William Tell Overture.

Italy

The former composer from this country is best known for his fourteen Sequenza.

Damnation of Faust

The fourth movement of Prokofiev's The Fiery Angel alludes to this subject as a brief comic relief.

World War I

The fourth movement of a composer's Third Symphony inspired by this general event opens with a soft timpani roll accompanying a solo soprano singing a wordless, pentatonic melody.

flute

The fourth movement of the Reformation Symphony begins with this instrument quoting "A Mighty Fortress Is Our God".

Béla Bartók

The fourth movement of this composer's Out of Doors exemplifies his "night music" style.

Johannes Brahms

The fourth movement of this composer's second symphony is marked sotto voce ["SO-toe VO-chay"] and borrows a four-note "do-ti-do-mi" motive from the first movement of that symphony.

string quartets by Béla Bartók

The fourth of these pieces uses the "arch form" favored by its composer, and its fourth movement makes heavy use of its composer's namesake snap pizzicato.

Transcendental Études

The fourth of these pieces was inspired by a Victor Hugo poem about a Cossack.

lute

The guitarist Julian Bream helped revive this period instrument.

Sergei Rachmaninov

The hypnotist Nikolai Dahl helped this composer recover from that failure and received the dedication of this man's second piano concerto, which opens with bell-like chords.

Felix Mendelssohn

The introduction of this composer's Fifth Symphony quotes a rising motif known as the "Dresden Amen."

trumpet

The inventor of a chromatic version of this instrument commissioned an EÂmajor concerto for it by Hummel and an EÂflat major one by Haydn.

nocturnes

The inventor of this type of piece called another composer a "sickroom talent" after hearing pieces of this type by that composer.

preludes

The key switches between D-flat major and C-sharp minor in Chopin's op. 28, no. 15, which is one of these pieces that (*) repeats the note A-flat.

fugue

The last movement of Beethoven's String Quartet No. 13 was originally published as a (*) "grosse" work of this type, and the last movement of Mozart's "Jupiter" symphony ends with a fully-invertible one of these works for five parts.

Camille Saint-Saëns (san-SAWNS)

The last movement of his Symphony No. 3 is divided into a scherzo-like C minor section and a triumphant C major finale.

Carl Nielsen

The last movement of this composer's Fourth Symphony calls for two timpani to be placed on opposite ends of the stage and "duel."

Johannes Brahms

The last movement of this composer's fourth symphony begins with a chaconne on an ascending E minor scale; that chaconne may have been inspired by Bach's cantata For Thee, O Lord, I Long.

The Planets, Op. 32

The last movement of this piece asks for a woman'schoir to be placed in an adjoining room, whose door is slowly closed during the final bar.

Goldberg Variations

The last movement of this piece is marked "da capo", and is thus an exact repeat of its first movement.

The Song of the Earth

The last movement of this work is marked "without regard for tempo" and is the only movement to employ a celesta, which is joined by harp and mandolin.

the solo cello suites of Johann Sebastian Bach

The last of these pieces is the only one that must be played by a (*) five-stringed instrument.

piano études by Frédéric Chopin

The left hand plays constant descending sixteenth notes while the right hand sustains a six-five chords begin one of these works that is called "Revolutionary."

Béla Bartók

The left hand repeats the chord "D G-sharp A" in quick eighth notes to open this composer's piano piece "Ostinato."

French horn

The main theme of the andante cantabile ["on-DON-tay con-TAH-bee-lay"] movement of Tchaikovsky's ["chai-KOFF-skis"] Symphony No. 5 is played by this instrument.

Felix Mendelssohn

The main theme of the second movement of a symphony by this composer may have come from a song from Faust set by Carl Friedrich Zelter.

bagatelles

The manuscript of an "omnitonic" piece usually named for being in this genre names it as the "Fourth Mephisto Waltz."

trumpet

The mellow sound of the similarly-shaped cornet contrasts with the buzzing texture of this instrument used to play fanfares.

French Horn

The most difficult instrument in the orchestra is often reputed to be, for 10 points, what brass instrument played with one's hand in the bell.

Renaissance masses

The most famous of these pieces "without a name," or "sine nomine," features a second "Agnus Dei" and supposedly convinced the Council of Trent not to ban polyphonic music.

bassoon

The most famous orchestral solo for this instrument, probably intended for its "French" variety, begins with a fermata on high C, followed by a mordent on B.

oratorios

The most famous piece in this genre includes a section with lyrics like "King of Kings, and Lord of Lords" and "And he shall reign forever and ever," its "Hallelujah Chorus."

trumpets

The most prolific Baroque era composer for this instrument was Giuseppe Torelli.

Bedřich Smetana

The motif [read slowly] B-flat, E-flat, D, B-flat appears in an orchestral piece by this composer that opens with a harp solo, followed by a brass chorale.

"Mars, the Bringer of War"

The movement following this one begins with the calm French horn solo (read slowly) "long F, G, A-flat, long B-flat" answered by flutes' falling seventh chords.

United Kingdom

The murder of a martyr from this country may have inspired a composer from here to set Psalm 78 as the motet Deus venerunt gentes (DAY-oos VEN-eh-roont JEN-tess).

The Divine Comedy

The murder of two lovers by Gianciotto Malatesta in this poem is depicted in Tchaikovsky's Francesca da Rimini.

George Handel's Messiah

The musicologist Rudolf Steglich identified the ascending fourth as a unifying motif throughout this composition.

Ludwig van Beethoven (The first and second pieces are the Sonatas Nos. 32 and 12.)

The notes [read slowly] "E D-sharp E D-sharp E, B D C A" begin this composer's Bagatelle No. 25 in A minor.

blue

The only solo divertissement in Ashton's Les Patineurs is for a dancer wearing this colour.

lute

The opening "falling tear" motif that descends from A to E is an example of the "word painting" in an ayre (air) for this instrument called "Lachrimae Pavan" (LACK-rim-ay pah-VON).

piano four hands

The opening Allegro molto moderato melody of a piece for this ensemble begins "C C C, grace note C up to long F, C"; that four movement piece in F minor is played entirely attaca.

E minor

The opening movement of a symphony in this key is an "Adagio" in 4/8 time that transitions to an "Allegro molto" in 2/4 time.

Damnation of Faust

The opening theme of another work inspired by this subject contains the (*) first published example of twelve tone row in Western music.

violin concerto

The outer movements of Jennifer Higdon's Pulitzer Prize-winning piece of this type are "1726" and "Fly Forward."

Second Symphony because they share the same tempo, key, and structure. The finale of this man's

The outer movements of this man's Sixth Symphony often draw comparisons to the outer movements of

piano concertos

The penultimate movement of a piece in this genre is a tarantella marked "All' Italiana."

The Planets, Op. 32

The penultimate movement of this piece begins with trombones and trumpets playing the notes G, down to E-flat,up to A, down to B before three bassoons begin a scherzo-like rhythm in 6/4 time.

Republic of Turkey

The percussion of Haydn's "Military" symphony mimics this country's music.

Jean Sibelius

The planned last movement of one of this man's symphonies was intended to be a "Hellenic rondo"; earlier in that symphony, a solo trombone announces the main theme.

the solo cello suites of Johann Sebastian Bach

The prelude from the first one, BWV 1007, is a popular showpiece played by Yo-Yo Ma.

drone

The prelude to Das Rheingold uses this effect in the contrabasses, who start playing on E-flat.

Symphonies by Franz Joseph Haydn

The premiere of one of these works saw a falling chandelier narrowly miss the audience, giving it the nickname "Miracle."

violin concerto

The premiere of one work of this type was ruined when Victor Novacek was asked to play instead of the dedicatee Willy Burmester; while describing that work, Donald Tovey famously said the final movement sounded like a (*) "polonaise for polar bears."

Symphonies by Franz Joseph Haydn

The presto finale of another one of these works is occasionally performed with trumpet and timpani accompaniment and features a theme based on (*) La Chasse du cerf .

string quartet

The previous piece of this type by the same composer ends with a presto tarantella in 6/8 time and D minor.

Anton Bruckner

The principal theme of the scherzo second movement of his eighth symphony is nicknamed Deutscher Michel.

Ludwig van Beethoven (The first and second pieces are the Sonatas Nos. 32 and 12.)

The right hand opens playing [read slowly] "B, D D G G B" against left-hand staccato chords in a late rondo that this composer inadvertently called ingharese ("een-gah-REH-zeh").

Erik (Alfred Leslie) Satie

The right hand plays the notes [read slowly] "C E-flat D C" followed by a pair of grace note Bs to open an F minor piece by this composer in free time.

piano études by Frédéric Chopin

The right hand's fortissimo G dominant seventh chord opens the twelfth of these pieces before the left hand plays stormy descending sixteenth notes.

Ma vlast

The rising allegro commodo, non agitato theme (read slowly) B low E F-sharp G A B B B is played in that movement.

Charles Ives

The rst movement of another work by this man consists of the same 27 measures three times, though the violin and cello are silent for the rst and second iteration, respectively.

Indonesia

The scales pelog and slendro are used in music from this country, where ensembles often accompany wayang shadow-puppet shows.

Sergei Rachmaninov

The scherzo [SCARE-tzo] of that symphony by this composer ends with full brass playing a modification of the Dies Irae melody, which is introduced by chimes in the final movement of another of his pieces.

Felix Mendelssohn

The scherzo of Brahms's Piano Sonata No. 3 quotes this composer's Piano Trio No. 2 in C minor, whose own finale quotes "Old Hundredth."

piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

The score of the D major penultimate one has huge chunks of the (*) left hand of the solo part missing.

5

The second movement of Beethoven's symphony of this number hasalternating sections in A-flat major and C major.

Fugue

The second movement of a choral work by Brahms based on the hymn "O Traurigkeit, O Herzeleid" is in this form.

viola

The second movement of a concerto for this instrument is a scherzo-like Vivo, con moto preciso.

flute

The second movement of a sonata for this instrument, marked Cantilena, opens with the piano playing a slow, rising B-flat minor arpeggio in eighth notes one beat before this instrument starts the same arpeggio.

Poland

The second movement of a vocal piece from this country includes lines calling out to the Virgin Mary that were (*) found on a Gestapo prison wall.

Samuel Barber

The second movement of his (*) String Quartet was excerpted as a standalone piece that was played during the announcement of JFK's funeral.

piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

The second movement of one of these pieces by this composer begins with the muted first violins playing the following notes alternately lower and higher: F (pause) C-A (pause) F-C.

string quartets by Franz Joseph Haydn

The second movement of one of these pieces is a theme-and-variations on the composer's own hymn "God Save Emperor Francis," which later became the Deutschlandlied ("DOYTCH-lahnd-leed").

Samuel Barber

The second movement of this composer's Second Symphony was excerpted as the tone poem Night Flight, whereas this composer's First Symphony synthesizes the four movements of a classical symphony into one movement.

Edward (William) Elgar

The second movement of this composer'ssecond symphony is a Larghetto funeral march in C minor.

Symphony No. 5 by Ludwig van Beethoven in C minor

The second theme of the exposition in its opening is played in E-flat, the relative major, by a pair of French horns.

swan

The sight of a group of these animals inspired a theme in Sibelius' 5th Symphony.

Gabriel Fauré's Requiem

The sixth movement of this work begins with a baritone solo which is later repeated by unison choir.

Violin Concerto in E Minor, Opus 64 by Felix Mendelssohn

The solo instrument in this (*) concerto begins without an introduction, playing a tune that this work's composer says gave him "no peace."

viola

The soloist in Harold in Italy plays, for 10 points, what alto-clef instrument that forms a string quartet with two violins and a cello?

violin concerto

The soloist's entrance is accompanied by timpani in that D major work, a clear homage to an earlier work by Beethoven in the same key and genre.

Alexander (Porfiryevich) Borodin

The song "And This Is My Beloved" is based on thefrequently rearranged nocturne from this composer's second string quartet.

Charles Ives

The song "Columbia, Gem of the Ocean" is quoted in this composer's Second Symphony, his Holidays Symphony, and a piece with a movement titled "Putnam's Camp."

piano sonatas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

The sounds of Ottoman janissaries are imitated in the "rondo alla turca" of one of these works written in A major.

string quartets

The soundtrack for Darren Aronofsky's Requiem for a Dream was performed by one ofthese ensembles called "Kronos."

Gabriel Fauré

The stage decorations for a divertissement by this composer were inspired by Watteau ("vah-TOH"), but that group of pieces is now played as an orchestral suite.

concert overtures

The standalone variety of these pieces was pioneered by a 17ÂyearÂold composer in 1826, and later "developed into" the symphonic poem.

Steve Reich

The story of Noah opens a piece by this composer that features the Pentecostal preacher Brother Walter.

flutes

The syrinx is sometimes called the "pan" variety of, for 10 points, what family of high woodwind instruments that includes the half-sized piccolo?

Symphonies by Franz Joseph Haydn

The tempo marking at the beginning of one of these works simply states that "times change," likely a reference to a popular epigram at the time.

Niccolò Paganini

The theme of the last piece in this composer's Opus 1 begins [read slowly] long A, short A A C B A, then high E.

E minor

The third movement features a section marked "Maggiore - Theme russe" in Beethoven's eighth string quartet in this key.

cello concerto

The third movement of Shostakovich's Eighth String Quartet ends with a violin quoting the angular four-note motto that opens his first piece in this genre.

piano trios

The third movement of a piece of this type is marked "Andante cantabile ma pero con moto" and is a set of variations on a theme in D major in 3/4 time.

Niccolo Paganini

The third movement of his second violin concerto in (*) B minor, marked "Rondo a la clochette," calls for a bell to precede each restatement of the theme, and provided the melody to Liszt's etude "La Campanella."

Jean Sibelius

The third movement of his violin concerto begins with timpani playing a "short, short, LONG" rhythm against strings playing a "LONG, short, short" rhythm.

string quartets by Franz Joseph Haydn

The third movement of one of these pieces is known as the "Witches' Minuet," and its first movement opens with two measures of falling fifths.

Henry Purcell

The third movement of one piece by this composer features a countertenor duet while the rest of the choir imitates trumpet sounds in ostinato.

trumpets

The third movement of the second Brandenburg concerto opens with a solo in its clarino register, though its "piccolo" variety is often used instead.

Anton Bruckner

The third movement of this composer's most famous symphony was entirely rewritten into a "Hunt" Scherzo after the Vienna Philharmonic rejected the first version as unplayable.

Gustav Mahler

The third movement of this man's Second Symphony, marked "In quietly flowing movement," sets a poem about St. Anthony's sermon to the fishes.

Gustav Mahler's Symphony no. 5

The third movement of this symphony is a scherzo that opens as four horns play in unison, after which one horn breaks off to play a challenging obbligato.

bassoon

The third movement rondo of a trio sonata for this instrument, oboe, and piano was modeled after Saint-Saens's second piano concerto; that work was composed by Francis Poulenc.

Niccolò Paganini

The third movement rondo of this composer's Violin Concerto No. 2 in B minor is (*) nicknamed, due to its repeatedly ringing F-sharps, "La Clochette" or "La Campanella."

Ma vlast

The third portion of this work depicts the murder of a drunk warrior after he frees Sarka from a tree.

Christmas

The timpani unusually open a festive cantata written for this time period, Jauchzet, frohlocket! ("YOWKH-tsit FRO-lock-it").

Jules Massenet

The title character of one of this man's operas dies in her lover's arms while marching to Le Havre to be deported.

Jules Massenet

The title character recites Ossian's poetry in front of his married love interest, Gretchen, in this composer's adaptation of Goethe's Sorrows of Young Werther (VAIR-tair).

Maurice Ravel

The title magic flute plays a Phrygian melody in the second song of a cycle by this composer that set poems by Tristan Klingsor, which was inspired by Rimsky-Korsakov's suite of the same name.

Mexico

The traditional percussion instruments of three native tribes, including the Yaqui, are used in a single-movement symphony from this country.

"Surprise" Symphony

The trio in this piece's third movement features only one woodwind, a bassoon that doubles the first violins' melody.

oboes

The trio of the minuet of Haydn's 96th, or Miracle, symphony features an extended solo for this instrument.

Antonio Vivaldi

The two surviving settings of this composer's Gloria are entries 588 and 589 in the Ryom-Verzeichnis catalogue of his work.

two violins

The typical instrumentation for a trio sonata is continuo and this group of instruments.

serialism

The use of this technique characterized the Darmstadt School.

Carl Nielsen

The violas play continuously in the opening of his two-movement Symphony No. 5, which, like his Symphony No. 6, begins in tempo giusto ("JOO-stoh").

Mexico

The violin, jarana, and haupangera are used for the huapango music native to this country.

French horn

The wolf in Sergei Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf is represented by, for 10 points, what coiled brass instrument?

"Sabre Dance"

The xylophone plays rapid F-sharp eighth notes to open this piece excerpted from a ballet set at a collective farm.

piano concertos

Thehypnotherapist Nikolai Dahl was the dedicatee of a piece in this genre that opens with eight chords representing thetolling of bells.

drums

Their "frame" variety includes the bodhrán ("BOHÂron").

Niccolò Paganini

Themes by this composer inspired six piano études by Liszt and a Rhapsody by Sergei Rachmaninoff.

fugue

Themes in this type of work can be inverted, retrograde, or retrograde inverted.

piccolo

There is a famous obbligato for this instrumentin the trio of "The Stars and Stripes Forever."

piccolo

There is a popular but mistaken belief that, along with the trombone, this instrument'sfirst use in a symphony was in the final movement of Beethoven's Fifth.

trumpet

These instruments are paired a major second interval apart in the "Game of Pairs" section of Bartok's Concerto for Orchestra.

violoncello

These instruments introduce the first theme of the first movement of the "Eroica" Symphony, and they play the very opening of Tristan und Isolde.

violoncello

These instruments play the tune at the opening of the second movement of Brahms's second symphony, and the third movement of his third symphony.

Latin masses

These pieces begin with a Kyrie and include the Gloria and Agnus Dei.

piano études by Frédéric Chopin

These pieces include "Winter Wind" and one inspired by the November Uprising.

J. S. Bach's cello suites

These pieces were obscure until (*) Pablo Casals ("kuh-ZALLS") became the first to record all six in the 1930s.

fugue

These works are often paired with preludes.

requiem mass

These works often contain movements titled (*) Dies Irae.

fugue

Thesecond movements of J.S. Bach's sonatas for solo violin are all this type of piece.

French horn

They are notated in F.

pipe organs

They include a pedalboard played with the musician's feet.

piano concertos by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

They includes pieces nicknamed Jeunhomme, Coronation, and Elvira Madigan.

suites

They typically include a gigue, a sarabande, a courante, and an allemande.

piano sonatas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

They're not concertos or Schubert pieces, but Mitsuko Uchida made a famous recording of these pieces for the Phillips Label along with a Fantasia in C minor that is typically paired with these pieces.

piano sonatas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

They're not string quartets, but the final one of these works in D major is nicknamed "The Hunt," and one of these works in (*) C major opens with arpeggiated tonic triads in the right hand and an Alberti bass in the left; that 16th of these works was nicknamed "facile" ("fah-CHEE-lay") and is marked "for beginners."

A Love Supreme

This album was recorded by the artist's "classic quartet" including Jimmy Garrison, Elvin Jones and McCoy Tyner, and is divided into "Acknowledgement", "Resolution" "Pursuance" and "Psalm".

A Love Supreme

This album's first track begins with an ascending B-E-F#-B motif accompanied by tam-tam and cymbal washes, followed by an F-A flat-F-B flat bass ostinato.

A Love Supreme

This album's last track is a "musical narration" of a devotional poem (*) written by the artist, which begins "I will do all I can to be worthy of thee O Lord".

The Firebird

This ballet ends with a brass chorale in 7/4 time after the Princesses dance a (*) Khorovod.

The Firebird

This ballet's 1919 suite includes a Berceuse ("bair-SUZZ") featuring a low bassoon solo over harp.

Appalachian Spring

This ballet's music was originally composed for a thirteen-member chamber orchestra, but is typically performed by full orchestra as an eight-movement suite, including a movement depicting a "revivalist and his flock."

Jelly Roll Morton

This bandleader of Red Hot Peppers recorded works such as "Side Walk Blues" and "Black Bottom Stomp" in an influential 1926 recording with Victor Records.

London

This city's symphony orchestra was most recently led by a man who often conducts with a toothpick; in 2017, he will be succeeded by Simon Rattle.

Ma vlast

This collection uses a motif consisting of the four notes (read slowly) B-flat, E-flat, D, and B-flat in a movement which opens with a harp solo imitating Lumir.

Ma vlast

This collection uses two flutes playing sixteenth notes to depict two sources of a river in a movement that supplies the melody of the Israeli national anthem, Hatikvah.

blue

This colour is also worn by a male dancer who performs 20 entrechats six to open a pas de deux with Florine.

two pianists

This combination of instrumentalists plays the original version of "Conversations of Beauty and the Beast".

two pianists

This combination of players accompanies the cello in "The Swan"from The Carnival of the Animals.

Claude Debussy

This composer adapted a pattern from a Modest Mussorgsky song, Sunless, for an orchestral suite whose first movement opens with clarinets and bassoons playing alternating fifths and thirds, that movement is titled Nuages ["noo-AZH"], or Clouds in this composer's suite Nocturnes.

Aram Khachaturian

This composer adapted his first ballet, Happiness, into another ballet in which a man threatens to throw his child Ripsime ("rip-SEE-meh") off a cliff.

Antonín Dvořák

This composer adapted material from his first two symphonies for his Opus 8, a series of twelve Silhouettes for piano.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

This composer adopted the canticle "Let them that also hate Him flee before Him," in a piece featuring a solo trombone imitating the voice of a deacon.

Antonín Dvořák

This composer based a set of sixteen pieces originally for piano four-hands on dances such as the sousedská ("SOH-set-skah") or skočná ("SKOATCH-nah").

Gustav Mahler

This composer chose to remove the Waldmarchen first part in one of his works possibly due to the death of his brother; that cantata was based on a Brothers Grimm tale about a bone flute that would sing human words when it was played.

Hector Berlioz

This composer claimed to have burned his juvenile Messe solennelle (MESS so-len-NELL), but it was found in 1991.

Antonio Vivaldi

This composer collected twelve concertos, including Pleasure and The Hunt, in a set of pieces titled The Contest between Harmony and Invention.

Ottorino Respighi

This composer depicted a fight between St. Michael the Archangel and the dragon in the second movement of his piece subtitled "Four Impressions for Orchestra," an orchestration of his Three Preludes on Gregorian Melodies for piano.

Arnold Schoenberg

This composer discussed the "musical prose" of "Brahms, the Progressive" in an essay from Style and Idea.

Sergei Rachmaninov

This composer drank crème de menthe to steady his hands during performances of one piece, and dedicated another to his hypnotherapist Nikolai Dahl.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

This composer experimented with unusual time signatures like 3/1, 2/1, and 5/2 in a piece based on the (*) Obikhod liturgical chants.

Ridolfo Luigi Boccherini

This composer featured church bells and military bugles in his (*) "Nocturnal Music of the Streets of Madrid", and included castanets in the fandango final movement of his fourth guitar quintet.

Ralph Vaughan Williams

This composer had a choir sing several Walt Whitman poems in his first symphony, and based his seventh symphony on music he composed for the film Scott of the Antarctic.

Arcangelo Corelli

This composer helped establish the slow-fast-slow-fast movement pattern for church sonatas.

Sergei (Vasilievich) Rachmaninoff

This composer included a C-sharp-minor theme for solo altosaxophone, accompanied by clarinet arpeggios, in the Non Allegro first movement of a piece whose threemovements were originally titled "Noon", "Twilight", and "Midnight".

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

This composer included a barcarolle inspired by June in a set of twelve character pieces, entitled The Seasons.

Robert Schumann

This composer included a minor-key episode marked "Im Legendenton" (LAY-gun-DENT-in), or "in the style of a legend", in the first movement of a three-movement piano fantasy in C major.

Franz Liszt

This composer included his Dante Sonata in a series of suites inspired by his travels in Switzerland and Italy, Years of Pilgrimage.

Erik (Alfred Leslie) Satie

This composer included musical depictions of fishing, yachting, and tennis among a set of twenty-one short piano pieces.

George Frideric Handel

This composer included the aria "Se bramate" (SEH brah-MAH-tay) in an opera that puzzled listeners because it included many short ariosos rather than three-part da capo arias.

John Coolidge Adams

This composer included the movement "Meister Eckhardt and Quackie" in a piece named after an Arnold Schoenberg theory text.

Steve Reich

This composer named many pieces for the phasing technique he pioneered.

Henry Purcell

This composer never finished a work set in Mexico, his dramatic opera called The Indian Queen.

Gustav Mahler

This composer noted that "the four trumpets must sound from opposite directions" for the finale of a symphony whose program drew on a translation of Dziady ("JAH-dih") by Adam Mickiewicz ("ah-DOM meets-KYEH-vich").

Franz Joseph Haydn

This composer of "The Frog" is the dedicatee of a quartet nicknamed "Dissonance."

Johann Pachelbel

This composer of 95 Magnificat Fugues instructed two violins that play over continuo to use scordatura tuning throughout a set of six suites.

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi

This composer of Concerto alla rustica wrote a piece for mandolin that typically accompanies a more famous group of concertos.

Robert Schumann

This composer of Dichterliebe (DIK-ter-lee-beh) included the piece "Träumerei" (TROY-meh-"rye") in his Scenes from Childhood.

John Coolidge Adams

This composer of Gnarly Buttons, Harmonielehre, and Short Ride in a Fast Machine made an outtake from his first opera into a "foxtrot for orchestra" that depicts Mao Tse-Tung descending from a portrait on the wall to dance with his wife.

Arnold Schoenberg

This composer of GurreÂLieder used piano, violin, cello, flute, and clarinet to accompany twentyÂone songs using a hybrid singingÂspeaking technique.

Maurice Ravel

This composer of Rapsodie Espagnole was inspired by Isaac Albéniz's piano suite Iberia to compose a work commissioned by Ida Rubinstein featuring a prominent snare drum ostinato.

Maurice Ravel

This composer of Shéhérazade repeated an F E D C-sharp motif to begin his first major orchestral work, whose middle movements are based on the malagueña and habanera dances.

Jean Sibelius

This composer of Tapiola created a nationalistic piece often titled A Scandinavian Choral March to deceive Russian censors.

Jean Sibelius

This composer of The Oceanides wrote a symphony that begins with a (*) syncopated C major scale and likely developed almost entirely from its planned second movement.

Sergei (Vasilievich) Rachmaninoff

This composer of a set of SymphonicDances inverted the theme in the D-flat-major eighteenth variation of a piece based on another composer's 24thcaprice.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

This composer of an A-major clarinet concerto for Anton Stadler wrote a sacred work with a second movement Kyrie (KEER-ee-ay) that contains a D-minor double fugue.

Dmitri (Dmitriyevich) Shostakovich

This composer of asymphony subtitled "The Year 1905" used the motive E-A-E-D-A to represent Elmira Nazirova in his SymphonyNo.

Sergei (Sergeyevich) Prokofiev

This composer of the "Classical" Symphony included a "Dance of the Knights" in his ballet version of Romeo and Juliet.

Hector Berlioz

This composer of the Grand Funeral and Triumphal Symphony wrote a pioneering program symphony depicting an artist taking opium and ending up at a "Witches' Sabbath."

Sergei (Sergeyevich) Prokofiev

This composer of the Scythian Suite wrote his sixth through eighth piano sonatas during the same (*) war, thus their collective name.

Antonín Dvořák

This composer of two Furianty ("FOO-ree-ont-ee") and eight Humoresques for piano also drew from a national folk dance to write a six-movement piano trio subtitled Dumky.

Gabriel Fauré

This composer opposed a French boycott of German music during World War I because he felt that music had no nationality, even though the boycott was led by his mentor.

Felix Mendelssohn

This composer quoted "And he shall reign forever" from Messiah in the fast 8-part fugue of an E-flat major chamber piece written at 16.

Ottorino Respighi

This composer quoted Renaissance lute music attributed to Vincenzo Galilei and Marin Mersenne in (*) Ancient Airs and Dances.

Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich

This composer quoted that collection in a symphony that also quotes extensively from Bizet's Carmen.

Jean Sibelius

This composer recycled material from his unfinished Wagnerian opera The Building of the Boat in that composition.

Steve Reich

This composer repeated phrases like "New York to Los Angeles" and bits of conversations with Holocaust survivors in one of his string quartets.

Hector Berlioz

This composer reused music from his abandoned Rob-Roy Overture for the title character's theme in his second symphony.

Leoš Janáček (LEH-ohsh YAH-naw-check)

This composer scribbled down tunelets of speech called "nápěvky mluvy" (NAH-pev-kee m'LOO-vee) in notepads and organized his music in layers of small rhythmic units called "sčasování" (s'CHA-so-VAH-nee).

Henry Purcell

This composer set incidental music to a play by Aphra Behn, Abdelazer, and Benjamin Britten used themes for that work for his work subtitled Variations and Fugue on a Theme of this composer.

Ralph Vaughan Williams

This composer specified that the "Landscape: Lento" third movement of another symphony must lead without pause into the fourth movement, which quotes Donne's "The Sun Rising."

Henry Purcell

This composer succeeded his mentor as principal organist at the Westminster Abbey, and modeled one opera's final chorus, With drooping wings, on the final chorus of Venus and Adonis by that mentor, (*) John Blow.

Johannes Brahms

This composer took 20 years to complete his first symphony, and he said that "any ass could see" that the main theme in that symphony's finale was reminiscent of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony.

Clara Schumann

This composer used a "Scotch snap" rhythm in the scherzo of a Piano Trio in G minor, Opus 17, and used a cavatina from Bellini's opera Il Pirata for an Opus 8 Variations de concert.

Robert Schumann

This composer used an "A E- flat C B" motif in a piece where the fiery and docile sides of his personality are contrasted in back-to- back movements titled "Florestan" and "Eusebius".

Alexander (Porfiryevich) Borodin

This composer used continuous violinharmonics to depict the desert in a piece that uses an English horn for an "Eastern Theme" representing a travelingcaravan.

string quartets by Franz Joseph Haydn

This composer used his own Kaiserleid for Francis II for a theme and variations in the second movement in one of these pieces called the "Emperor."

Leoš Janáček (LEH-ohsh YAH-naw-check)

This composer used symbols like radical, squared, equals, and plus in his analysis of "Jeux de vagues" (zhuh duh VOG) from La mer.

Ottorino Respighi

This composer used the Christmas carol "O Come, Emmanuel" in a painting-inspired orchestral piece that depicts the birth of a goddess.

Gustav Mahler

This composer used the tempo marking "strong and decisive," or Kräftig, Entschieden ("KREF-tig ent-SHEE-den"), for a movement programmatically called "Pan Awakens, Summer Marches In."

Edward Elgar

This composer used the unusual key of A-flat major for his First Symphony.

Gioachino Rossini

This composer used twelve singers, two pianos, and a harmonium for his Petite messe solennelle (puh-TEET MESS so-len-NELL), which he called the last of his "Sins of Old Age."

Steve Reich

This composer was inspired by an interview with police beating victim Daniel Hamm in which he said "I had to, like, open the bruise up" to compose a piece for the benefit of the Harlem Six.

Georg Philipp Telemann

This composer was succeeded in his post as music director for (*) Hamburg's five largest churches by his godson, C. P. E. Bach.

Maurice Ravel

This composer was twice expelled from the Conservatoire de Paris.

Clara Schumann

This composer wrote 3 Romances for violin and piano and frequently performed them with the work's dedicatee, Joseph Joachim (YO-zef YAW-khim).

Sir William Turner Walton

This composer wrote a cantata using (*) William Dunbar's poem, 'In Honour of the City of London', from which he also derived the title of a march.

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

This composer wrote a cycle of 29 motets based on excerpts from the Song of Solomon.

Franz Liszt

This composer wrote a highly chromatic work that barely uses traditional harmony in his Bagatelle Without Tonality, which may have been intended to replace this composer's fourth and unfinished Mephisto Waltz.

Edward Elgar

This composer wrote a major-key symphony whose D-minor Lento last movement establishes the piece's cyclic form by ending with the nobilmente (noh-beel-MEN-tay) theme of the rst movement.

Edward (William) Elgar

This composer wrote a piece for string orchestra which begins with the violas playing "E - D-sharp - E" in adotted rhythm in 6/8 time, in a movement marked Allegro piacevole.

Edward Elgar

This composer wrote a piece in D whose trio section, "Land of Hope and Glory," is traditionally played on the last night of the Proms.

Johann Pachelbel

This composer wrote a piece in which a characteristic shifted romanesca bass pattern of (read slowly, with pauses) 1,5,6,3,4,1,4,5 is played 28 times by the continuo as three violins play the melody in a round.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

This composer wrote a piece whose fourth movement begins with four horns and two trumpets playing a cadenza-like fanfare over a snare drum roll.

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi

This composer wrote a piece with a moto perpetuo first movement that is a concerto despite having no soloists.

Mikhail Glinka

This composer wrote a set of Variations for piano on Alexander Alyabyev's song "The Nightingale".

Charles Ives

This composer wrote a song whose melody paraphrases the hymn "There is a Fountain Filled With Blood" every time the singer asks "Are you washed in the blood of the lamb?"; that piece, which sets text by Vachel Lindsay, is General William Booth Enters into Heaven.

Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich

This composer wrote a symphony subtitled "a Soviet artist's creative response to justified criticism" and a symphony that contains the "Invasion" theme.

Béla Bartók

This composer wrote a very short Opus 14 piano suite, and in another suite from his "piano year" of 1926, a run of chromatic grace notes up to the repeated semitone "D E-flat" represents the unka frog.

Alban Berg

This composer wrote an opera whose protagonist sleeps with Alwa (alva) on the same couch where she had killed his father, Dr. Schön (shern), played by the same actor as her own murderer, Jack the Ripper.

Paul Hindemith ("HIN-duh-mit")

This composer wrote an orchestral work intended to be performed with dancers wearing Dalí-inspired costumes.

Felix Mendelssohn

This composer wrote his Fifth Symphony for the tricentennial of the Augsburg Confession, and his Fourth Symphony was inspired by dances like the tarantella and saltarello.

Arnold Schoenberg

This composer wrote of the "emancipation of the dissonance," pioneered atonality in works like Verlkärte Nacht ("fuhÂCLAREÂtuh NOKHT"), and created the twelveÂtone system.

Johann Pachelbel

This composer wrote six surviving chaconnes, two of which are respectively in D minor and F minor.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

This composer wrote the chant-like opening theme (read slowly, pausing at commas) D, F E D, C-sharp D E, D for a concerto that ends with his four-note "signature" rhythm: quarter, eighth, eighth, quarter.

Paul Hindemith ("HIN-duh-mit")

This composer wrote the opera We're Building a City for eight-year-olds and another opera that contains the folk song "Es sungen drei Engel" ("us ZOONG-in dry AANG-ul").

Antonio Vivaldi

This composer wrote the virtuoso sacred motet "In furore iustissimae irae."

Charles Ives

This composer wrote the words "actual notes" above the following melody of half- and quarter-note triplets: (read slowly) long B-flat, low C-sharp, low E, long high E-flat, C.

Niccolò Paganini

This composer's Le Streghe is a set of variations based on the popular "Witches' Dance" from a ballet by Franz Süssmayr.

Antonio Vivaldi

This composer's Mandolin Concerto in C major is often paired with four concerti grossi he published with sonnets.

Arnold Schoenberg

This composer's Opus 16 includes the pieces "Premonitions" and "Peripeteia."

Franz Joseph Haydn

This composer's Opus 20 collection of chamber pieces is named for its cover image.

Camille Saint-Saëns (san-SAWNS)

This composer's Piano Concerto No. 2 begins with a long solo passage without bar lines, and ends with a third movement in tarantella rhythm.

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

This composer's Stabat Mater, a motet scored for unaccompanied Double Chorus, may have been written for Pope Gregory XIV.

Leoš Janáček (LEH-ohsh YAH-naw-check)

This composer's String Quartet No. 2 was inspired by 700 letters he sent to his young "muse," Kamila Stösslová (KAH-mee-lah SHTUSS-lo-vah).

Felix Mendelssohn

This composer's Third Symphony features a short-long rhythm called the "Lombard" or "snap" rhythm.

Charles Ives

This composer's Two Contemplations initially paired that piece with one that calls for a grand piano and a player piano, and contrasts eerie strings with ragtime music.

piano études by Frédéric Chopin

This composer's chronologically last three works of this type were written for a method book by Ignaz Moscheles.

Niccolò Paganini

This composer's early pieces for violin and guitar include a sonata concertata and 14 variations on the French revolutionary song "La Carmagnole."

John Coolidge Adams

This composer's father's battle with Alzheimer's inspired his piece for clarinet and chamber orchestra that includes a mooing cow.

Jean Sibelius (sih-BAY-lee-us)

This composer's final symphony is in C major and has one movement.

Sir William Turner Walton

This composer's first symphony opens with a pianissimo timpani roll, before the horns quietly enter on B-flat, F, and G. Laura van der Heijden won BBC Young Musician of the Year in 2012 with a concerto by this composer, originally dedicated to Gregor Piatigorsky.

Johannes Brahms

This composer's first symphony quotes the "fate motif" of Beethoven.

Camille Saint-Saens

This composer's most famous opera includes a phrase in which the words "Ah! Responds" are repeated.

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

This composer's most famous piece is a missa sin nomine ("MEE-sah seen NOH-mee-nay") that, according to legend, convinced the Council of Trent not to ban polyphony from worship.

Antonio Vivaldi

This composer's only concerto featuring trumpets is his Concerto for Two Trumpets in C Major.

Franz Joseph Haydn

This composer's opus 3, which includes a serenade named for him, was likely written by his obsessive admirer Roman Hoffstetter.

Samuel Barber

This composer's so-called "opera" A Hand of Bridge consists of four characters, who each sing an aria about their inner thoughts while playing the titular game.

Arnold Schoenberg

This composer's song sets include his Four Orchestral Songs, Opus 22, and the cycle Book of the Hanging Gardens.

Antonio Vivaldi

This composer's supposed authorship of a serenata titled "Andromeda Liberata" caused a feud between Olivier Foures (oh-LIV-yay foo-RAY) and Michael Talbot, the latter of whom is considered the preeminent scholar of this composer.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

This composer's third of ve known violin concertos is in G major and is sometimes nicknamed for its "Strasbourg" theme.

Johannes Brahms

This composer's third symphony opens with an (*) F-A flat-F motive, a minor variant of this composer's "Frei, aber froh" ["FRAY AH-ber FROH"] motive.

Franz Liszt

This composer's travels to Switzerland and Italy inspired his piano pieces Album of a Traveler and Years of Pilgrimage, whose title refers to Goethe's ["GER-tuhs"] Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship.

Claude Debussy

This composer, who disliked the term "impressionist," wrote another naturalistic work whose second movement scherzo is titled "Play of the Waves," that movement is part of La Mer ["MAIR"].

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

This composer, who featured two Asturian "Alborada" movementsin his Capriccio Espagnol, included movements titled "The Young Prince and the Young Princess" and "The Seaand Sinbad's Ship" in a four-movement symphonic poem inspired by The Arabian Nights.

Niccolo Paganini

This composer, whose works were catalogued by Moretti and Sorrento, and are thus assigned "MS" numbers, composed an E major piece in which the A and E strings imitate flutes, and the G and D strings imitate horns.

George Frideric Handel

This composerof Zadok the Priest wrote arias such as "Ev'ry valley shall be exalted" and "For unto us a child is born" forhis oratorio about Jesus Christ.

The Song of the Earth

This composition almost never saw the light of day due the composer's worry that "people [would] go home and shoot themselves" after listening due to its pessimism.

Violin Concerto in E Minor, Opus 64 by Felix Mendelssohn

This concerto was written for Ferdinand David, who was concertmaster of the Leipzig orchestra that this work's composer conducted.

Republic of Indonesia

This country inspired the recurring moto perpetuo figures in a D minor concerto for two pianos whose closing rondo imitates this country's music.

Spain

This country is home to Tomás Luis de Victoria and the composer of the ballet Love, the Magician.

Finland

This country's greatest composer wrote most of his Symphony No. 2 in D while abroad in Italy and composed no music for thirty years after the tone poem Tapiola.

Republic of Turkey

This country's mahtars are evoked in a 2/4 march from The Ruins of Athens.

Norway

This country's traditional slått (shlott) music is often played using a Hardanger fiddle.

(Jakob Ludwig) Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy

This creator of 12 string symphonies claimed that aforementioned theme gave him "no peace."

drone

This effect is created by the bourdon (burden) in a musette, or baroque French bagpipe, and by the outer strings of a hurdy-gurdy.

concert band

This ensemble plays Johan de Meij's (YO-han de MAY's) "Lord of the Rings" Symphony.

World War I

This event inspired Anna Meredith's Five Telegrams, Vaughan Williams's A Pastoral Symphony, and a piano suite whose lively last movement opens with many repeated sixteenth-note E's.

World War I

This event inspired Ravel's Le Tombeau de Couperin and a requiem that includes settings of poems by Wilfred Owen.

The Shining

This film uses two pieces titled De Natura Sonoris.

The Shining

This film's theme, which adapts the "Dream of a Witches' Sabbath" from Symphonie Fantastique, was made by Rachel Elkind and Wendy Carlos.

Henry Purcell

This frequent collaborator of Nahum Tate composed the incidental music to Abdelazer, which was used as the basis for Benjamin Britten's Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra.

Niccolò Paganini

This gaunt composer with a meaty ravioli recipe cultivated legends about his devilry and unmatched technical ability.

oratorios

This genre became a craze after the success of John Gay's Beggar's Opera destroyed Italian opera in England.

wind ensemble

This genre does not usually include singers, but one piece in this genre begins and ends with a soprano singing "I am an angel of light," that piece is Angels in the Architecture by Frank Ticheli.

two violins

This group of instruments are soloists in a D minor orchestral piece that opens with a four-voice fugue in Vivace tempo.

two violins

This group of instruments comprise the [emphasize] highest members of an ensemble in which they were played by John Sherba and David Harrington; that ensemble commissioned many minimalist pieces and is called "Kronos."

two violins

This group of instruments play in three grand "concertante" pieces by Charles Auguste de Bériot.

two violins

This group of instruments play the non-bass parts in Pachelbel's Musical Delight and in all 48 pieces from Corelli's opus numbers one through four.

trumpet

This instrument "poses" Ives's Unanswered Question, opens Mahler 5, and names a Voluntary by Jeremiah Clarke.

violoncello

This instrument accompanies the soloist's entrance in the third movement of Beethoven's fourth piano concerto.

harp

This instrument accompanies the violin solos in Scheherazade.

timpani

This instrument and the double basses maintain the continuous sixteenth-note rhythm at the beginning of the "Infernal Dance" from Stravinsky's The Firebird.

flute

This instrument chromatically descends from C-sharp down to G at the start of a tone poem setting of Stéphane Mallarmé's Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun.

clarinet

This instrument has a long solo at the beginning of theAdagio from Rachmaninoff's Second Symphony, and it first states the Shaker theme in Copland's AppalachianSpring.

trumpet

This instrument has a prominent solo part in the second Brandenburg Concerto.

timpani(s)

This instrument has a solo at the beginning of Beethoven's violin concerto, and Haydn's 103rd Symphony earns its nickname from the fact that the introduction features a long "roll" for this instrument.

trumpets

This instrument imitates a horse's whinny at the end of Leroy Anderson's "Sleigh Ride."

harp

This instrument introduces the "Vyšehrad" ("VISHÂehÂraht") theme at the beginning of Smetana's Má vlast.

trombone

This instrument introduces the Tuba Mirum section of Mozart's Requiem.

bassoon

This instrument introduces the full main theme representing the walking brooms in The Sorcerer's Apprentice.

clarinet

This instrument introduces the main theme to "ThePines of Janiculum" from Respighi's The Pines of Rome.

bassoon

This instrument introduces the melody of Donizetti's "Una furtiva lagrima."

piccolo

This instrument introduces the subject ofthe fugue that ends Britten's Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra.

trumpets

This instrument is now used to play a D major excerpt from the semi-opera The Island Princess.

string bass

This instrument opens the "Resolution" section and introduces a motif spelled "F A-flat, F B-flat" in John Coltrane's A Love Supreme.

flute

This instrument played by Jean-Pierre Rampal and James Galway begins with descending and ascending chromatic notes in the Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun.

trumpet

This instrument plays a rhythmic motive to begin Stravinsky's Agon.

oboes

This instrument plays a sad melody at the start of the second movement of Tchaikovsky's fourth symphony.

synthesizer

This instrument plays an accompaniment to live soprano performance in Milton Babbitt's Philomel.

clarinet

This instrument plays the only extended solo in the overture to Verdi's Luisa Miller.

English horn

This instrument plays the opening melody, based on a love duet between Teresa and Benvenuto Cellini ("chay-LEE-nee"), in Berlioz's Roman Carnival Overture.

English horn

This instrument portrays oriental merchants in Borodin's In the Steppes of Central Asia and the title bird in Sibelius's The Swan of Tuonela.

English horn

This instrument represents a mythical bird in Jean Sibelius's ("zhahn sih-BAY-lee-us's") The Swan of Tuonela ("TOO-oh-nay-lah").

bassoon

This instrument represents the grandfather in Peter and the Wolf and opens with a high solo in Stravinsky's Rite of Spring.

French horn

This instrument reprises its "Prologue" in an offstage "Epilogue" in a serenade that sets Keats's "To Sleep" and Blake's "The Sick Rose."

cello

This instrument unevenly cycles through five harmonics in "Crystal Liturgy."

double bass

This instrument was played by Scott LaFaro and a musician who led a group called the "Jazz Workshop."

synthesizer

This instrument was used to create an unusual 1968 recording of ten Bach pieces that included the third Brandenburg concerto (*) transcribed entirely for this instrument.

harp

This instrument's cadenza over violin tremolos and cymbal ends the violin solo in the orchestral Tzigane ("tseeÂGAHN").

French Horn

This instrument's common "double" variety allows the player to switch between the keys of F and B-flat, and its (*) more than seventeen feet of slides make tuning it something of a chore.

English horn

This instrument's mordent F-sharp E F-sharp after four guitar strums opens the second movement of (*) Rodrigo's Concierto de Aranjuez ("kon-see-AIR-toh de ah-rahn-WEZZ").

French horn

This instrument's techniques include hand-stopping, and its earlier "natural" version did not have valves.

sitar

This instrument's three primary strokes are named (*) da, ra, and dir, and its sympathetic strings must be retuned to play different ragas.

piano

This instrument, played by Denny Zeitlin, was also used by a self-taught player who habitually sat on two phonebooks when performing and wrote the standard "Misty."

lute

This instrument, which may have between 5 and 13 courses of strings, accompanies the songs "I saw my Lady weep" and "Flow my tears" by John Dowland.

wind ensemble

This instrumentation usually consists of woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments.

tritone

This interval forms the bottom two notes of the "most influential chord" in modern Western classical music, whose deferred resolution represents unattainable desire throughout Tristan and Isolde.

tritone

This interval occurs between the root and the fifth of the Locrian (LOH-kree-in) mode, and between the third and the seventh of a dominant seventh chord.

Mexico

This is the home country of Maria Grever, as well as the country in which the modern two-row marimba was designed.

E minor

This is the key of a piece with a 2/4 "Larghetto" central movement, Elgar's Serenade in Strings.

E minor

This is the key used in all seven movements of Bach's early church cantata Christ lag in Todes Banden.

Spring

This is the nickname of Beethoven's fifth violin sonata, and of a B-flat major symphony whose last movement quotes the composer's collection Kreisleriana, written soon after its composer married Clara Wieck.

clarinet

This is the solo instrumentin a piece that opens with the movement "The Perilous Shore".

Dizzy Gillespie

This man borrowed the chord structure of Paul Whiteman's "Whispering" for his (*) "Groovin' High," which was written in the bebop style that this man pioneered with Charlie Parker.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

This man dedicated his second piano concerto to his hypnotherapist, Nikolai Dahl.

Dizzy Gillespie

This man helped pioneer Afro-Cuban jazz by collaborating with Gil Fuller and Chano Pozo to create the first jazz standard based on a clave ("KLAH-vay").

Henry Purcell

This man is commonly attributed as the author of the (*) Irish march Lilliburlero.

Anton Bruckner

This man quoted a theme from Palestrina's Missa Brevis in the Sanctus of his Mass in E Minor.

Felix Mendelssohn

This man said that he created a "blue sky in A major" with a symphony that is the first in the standard repertoire to start in major, but end in a minor key.

Jelly Roll Morton

This man supposedly pulled out a pistol when trombonist Zue Robertson refused to play one of his pieces the way he intended it.

Carl Maria Von Weber (VAY-bur)

This man turned his planned third piano concerto into a program work depicting (*) a maiden waiting for her lover to return from the crusades.

Franz Liszt

This man used repeated thirds to imitate a galloping horse in his Mazeppa, which can be found alongside his piece Feux Follets (foo foh-LAY) in a work of twelve compositions for solo piano.

Dmitri (Dmitriyevich) Shostakovich

This man was the subject of a possibly fraudulent1979 memoir titled Testimony, and was attacked in the article "Muddle Instead of Music."

Camille Saint-Saens

This man wrote a symphony that (+) follows the four-movement structure, but is written in two movements, and a work by this man includes a movement in which scales repeatedly accelerate and ritard.

Robert Schumann

This man wrote over 120 songs during his Liederjahr (LEE-dehr-yar), or "Year of Song," including a cycle about doomed love based on 16 Heinrich Heine ("HI"-neh) poems.

Johann Sebastian Bach

This man's Clavier-Übung (kla-VEER-oo-boong) volumes, which included harpsichord pieces such as the Italian Concerto, contained many of his best-known pieces before Felix Mendelssohn led a revival of his St. Matthew Passion.

Jelly Roll Morton

This man's interviews with congressional folklorist (*) Alan Lomax remain an important historical source on early jazz.

Charles Ives

This man's last symphony employs a "distant choir" of violins and harps that play in a separate rhythm from the rest of the orchestra in the nale; the third movement of that piece has a fugue based on this man's rst string quartet and was later arranged by his friend Bernard Herrmann.

Henry Purcell

This man's popular Ode to St. Cecilia features a movement titled Wondrous Machine! in praise of the organ.

Robert Schumann

This man, who was an influence on Hugo Wolf (VULF), included "Mondnacht" (MOND-nahkt) and "In der Fremde" (FREM-deh) in his Opus 39 song cycle based on twelve Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff poems.

"Mars, the Bringer of War"

This movement by Holst was the temp track against which John Williams composed some of the ominous music in Star Wars.

"Mars, the Bringer of War"

This movement shares its unusual meter with the polar opposite final movement, which uses an offstage chorus.

"Mars, the Bringer of War"

This movement starts with a 39-bar crescendo (kruh-SHEN-doh) tam-tam roll and a percussive ostinato of col legno (coal LEN-yo) strings playing straight G's in 5/4.

drone

This musical function is served by a string instrument called a tanpura and by a keyboard attached to a set of bellows called a shruti box in Indian classical music.

Glenn Gould

This musician invented figures such as the musicologist Karlheinz Klopweisser to write negative reviews of his own playing.

Glenn Gould

This musician praised the "take-twoness" of the studio that allowed him to record 21 versions of the first part of that piece.

George Gershwin

This musician wrote a standard that was originally included in, but later removed from, several musicals that he collaborated on, including Rosalie, Strike Up the Band, and Lady, Be Good; that song is "The Man I Love."

George Gershwin

This musician's first published instrumental song was a novelty rag called "Rialto Ripples."

Glenn Gould

This performer enraged listeners with his habit of humming during his concerts, which may have been due to Asperger's syndrome.

Glenn Gould

This performer said that a piece he popularized "rests lightly on the wings of the unchecked wind" like "Baudelaire's lovers" in a set of liner notes.

Appalachian Spring

This piece begins with strings and woodwinds building up an A major triad and an E major triad stacked on top of each other in a tempo marked "Very slowly."

Goldberg Variations

This piece begins with two quarter note Gs and a mordent on A.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Requiem in D minor

This piece borrows thematic material from a section of Handel's Messiah titled "And with his stripes we are healed" for the first subject of its second-movement double fugue.

Music for the Royal Fireworks

This piece does not write out the parts for side drums, instead instructing an unspecified number of them to play "ad libitum."

The Planets, Op. 32

This piece opens with a threenotemotive consisting of G, up to D, down to D-flat, over a rhythmic ostinato of G's.

Leningrad Symphony

This piece unusually features two harps, which first play in its second movement, originally titled "Memories."

Music for the Royal Fireworks

This piece was commissioned for an outdoor celebration of the signing of the Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Requiem in D minor

This piece was recorded with an unusually slow tempo in 1971 by Karl Böhm and the Vienna Philharmonic.

St John Passion

This piece's composer reused its chorale "O Mensch, bewein dein Sünde Groß" for a later work in the same genre.

Goldberg Variations

This piece's definitive recording was made by Canadian pianist Glenn Gould.

Symphony No. 5 by Ludwig van Beethoven in C minor

This piece's original title, "Destiny," is no longer used.

dissonance

This property abruptly opens the finale of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 in what Richard Wagner called Schreckensfanfare ("SHREK-ins-FAHN-fah-ruh"), which inspired him to use it to dramatic effect in his "Hagen's Watch" scene from (*) Götterdämmerung.

New England

This region names an orchestral triptych with popular appeal, later arranged for band, whose movements "When Jesus Wept" and "Chester" are based on William Billings hymns; that piece is by William Schuman.

New England

This region titles a triptych whose second movement opens with loud falling chromatic scales over cymbals, quotes patriotic (*) marching band tunes in different keys and meters, and ends with the "Star-Spangled Banner" resolving to a dissonant chord.

trumpets

This solo instrument plays out-of-sync with the "Fighting Answerers" and the "Silence of the Druids."

Gabriel Fauré

This student of Camille Saint-Saëns ("kuh-MEE san-SAWNS") replaced the typical Dies Irae movement with Pie Jesu ("PEE-ay YAY-zoo") in his mass for the dead.

Arcangelo Corelli

This subject of an (*) "apotheosis" by François Couperin names Rachmaninoff's Opus 42 dedicated to Fritz Kreisler; Rachmaninoff only learned after publishing the work that the relevant "theme" was not originally by this composer but was instead the Spanish tune "La Folia."

Jupiter Symphony

This symphony begins with a loud unison C, followed by two quick ascending figures from G back up to C. This symphony was written during the same summer that produced its composer's previous two symphonies, in E-flat major and in G minor.

Symphony No. 5 by Ludwig van Beethoven in C minor

This symphony borrows from the overture to Eliza, but it is less certain that it references Luigi Cherubini's Hymne au Pantheon.

"Surprise" Symphony

This symphony is the second in a set of twelve symphonies that includes "Drumroll" and "Clock."

Symphony No. 40 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

This symphony opens with low strings chugging below the violins' agitated, thrice-repeated sigh E-flat D D.

Beethoven's Fifth Symphony

This symphony's definitive recording was made in 1974 by Carlos Kleiber.

Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 in D minor, Op. 125 "Choral"

This symphony's second movement begins with dotted falling octaves played by the strings on D and A, the timpani on F, and finally tutti on D.

Gustav Mahler's Symphony no. 5

This symphony, whose fourth movement is scored for strings and solo harp, begins with a trumpet solo that leads into a funeral march.

serialism

This technique was first used in a Rhythm Étude titled "Modesof Values and Intensities" by Messiaen ("messÂYANN").

playing an instrument with the left hand only

This technique was used for 22 of Godowsky's ("gohÂDOFÂski's") 53 Chopin Studies.

serialism

This term was derided as "almost without meaning" by a prominent composer who uses this technique, Charles Wuorinen.

Also sprach Zarathustra ("ALL-zoh shprock tsah-rah-TOOS-trah")

This text inspired Wyschnegradsky's symphony for four quarter-tone pianos and Boulez's ("boo-LEZZ's") 1974 incidental music for Barrault's ("bah-RO's") theater.

Christmas

This time of year titles the most famous concerto of Arcangelo Corelli.

Christmas

This time titles a work whose sixth and final movement is a 12/8-time Pastorale ad libitum.

flamenco (This question translates the Spanish golpeador, Paco de Lucía's "Entre dos aguas," palmas, and cante jondo.)

This tradition's "deep song" was revived in the 1920s with a festival by Manuel de Falla ("deh FAH-yah") and Federico García Lorca.

Clara Schumann

This virtuoso developed a close but probably unconsummated relationship with Johannes Brahms after her husband was committed to an asylum in 1854.

trombone

This was the instrument played by the American bandleader who composed "In the Mood," Glenn Miller.

piano

This was the instrument played by the composer of "Song for My Father," Horace Silver.

The 1812 Overture

This work begins with cellos playing a modified version of the first tone of the Troparion of the (*) Holy Cross.

Symphony No. 5 in D minor by Dmitri Shostakovich

This work begins with low strings and violins playing rising and falling major sixths in canon, and it ends with high strings and woodwinds playing over a hundred repeated "A"s while brass instruments repeat an earlier fanfare.

The Song of the Earth

This work ends with the orchestra fading out as the soloist twice repeats the word "ewig."

Messiah

This work includes an interlude that emulates Italian bagpipers called the "Pifa," and it also features the arias "The trumpet shall sound" and "I know that my Redeemer liveth."

The Well-Tempered Clavier

This work was first recorded in its entirety by Edwin Fischer.

Violin Concerto in E Minor, Opus 64 by Felix Mendelssohn

This work's andante second movement continues attaca from the first as a bassoon holds out a B from the first movement's E minor chord.

Latin masses

Thomas Mann wrote that Beethoven's "Solemnis" one had "The Credo, the Credo with the Fugue."

The Shining

Though it does not star Linda Blair, parts of the tone cluster-heavy pieces Utrejna, Polymorphia, and The Awakening of Jacob were used in this film.

United Kingdom

Three composers from this country collaborated on Parthenia, a collection from this country's virginalist school.

fanfares

Three trumpets play a rising "F, B-flat, F" figure throughout a piece in this genre, which lends its name to a type of elongated natural trumpet that supports a hanging banner.

Felix Mendelssohn

To create an alternative third movement for his Symphony No. 1 in C minor, this composer orchestrated the scherzo ("SKAIRT-so") of his E-flat string octet.

George Frideric Handel

Tolomeo's sister Cleopatra plots to depose him and become the sole ruler of Egypt in one of his operas.

Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov

Tommy Dorsey adapted the jazz standard "Song of India" from one of this composer's arias.

Quartet for the End of Time

Toru Takemitsu was inspired to compose Quatrain II as a homage to this work when the composer of this work played an excerpt for him on piano.

Gabriel Fauré's Requiem

Triplet 'A's in the horns signal the beginning of the (*) "Dies illa, dies irae" section of that movement, titled "Libera me".

Jean Sibelius

Tristan Murail's Gondwana quotes movement two of a collection by this composer whose first movement depicts its subject "and the Maidens of the Island".

George Handel's Messiah

Trumpets enter "da lontano e un poco piano," or "from afar and somewhat quietly," for the first time several sections into this work.

fugue

Twelve of these are interspersedwith interludes in Paul Hindemith's Ludus Tonalis.

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi

Twelve of this composer's concertos were included in his collection The Contest Between Harmony and Invention.

Hungary

Two bassoons playing a minor 6th apart introduce the (*) "Game of Pairs" in a concerto for orchestra by a composer from this country.

lute

Two musicians play just one of these instruments in the piece "My Lord Chamberlain, His Galliard" (GAL-yerd).

flute

Two of them represent the title river at the start of "Die Moldau" from Má vlast, and one of them introduces the opening theme of Boléro.

trumpet

Two popular wedding pieces composed by Jeremiah Clarke are this instrument's namesake "tune" and namesake "voluntary".

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Van Cliburn's version of this composer's B-flat minor concerto, which opens with three descending horn figures, helped him win the piano section of the inaugural 1958 iteration of an international competition that is named for this composer and held every four years in Moscow.

5

Vaughan Williams' symphony of this number closes with a passacaglia that reuses music from his opera ThePilgrim's Progress.

Anton Bruckner

Violins playing a duplet-triplet rhythm on high C-sharp open this man's sixth symphony.

drums

Virtuosi on that one of these instruments include Alla Rakha and Zakir Hussain.

trumpet

Vivaldi wrote a C major double concerto for this instrument.

Sergei Rachmaninoff

Vladimir Horowitz recorded the Humoresque and Barcarolle from this composer's Opus 10 "salon pieces."

madrigals

Vocalists overlap the word "ahi" ("AH-ee") at the end of a piece of this type full of chromatic mediants from the last of six books of them written after leaving Ferrara and inspired by the composer's adulterous wife titled (*) "Moro, lasso."

Jean Sibelius

Walter Damrosch commissioned this composer's final work, which this composer explained to his publishers with a quatrain about "the forest's mighty god."

New England

Walter Piston wrote 3 Sketches and Edward MacDowell wrote 10 Idyls ("idles") titled for this region; he, Horatio Parker, and Amy Beach were composers of this region's "second school."

Ludwig van Beethoven

Warlike drums and trumpets twice interrupt the B minor Agnus Dei of a mass above whose middle section this composer wrote "Prayer for inner and outer peace."

piano concertos

Weber's Konzerstück in F minor is sometimes unofficially considered his third one of these pieces.

France

While abroad, a composer who mostly worked in this country wrote a mass titled for "Duke Hercules," referring to his patron Ercole d'Este ("AIR-ko-lay DESS-tay").

Ridolfo Luigi Boccherini

While not Saint-Saëns, this composer used bird-calls in a piece nicknamed the "Aviary", and his output was catalogued by Yves Gérard.

Spain

While working in this country, Luigi Boccherini ("bo-care-REE-nee") wrote a string quintet called Night Music of the Streets of [a city in this country].

Henry Purcell

William Croft used this man's setting of "Thou Knowest Lord" for one of his Funeral Sentences as an homage to him.

string bass

William Parker donated an unusual green-tinged one of these instruments, nicknamed "Olive Oil," to Henry Grimes, who played this instrument with Alan Silva, in contrasting styles, on Cecil Taylor's Unit Structures.

the creation of the world

Writings by John Milton were set to music in a Joseph Haydn oratorio titled after, for 10 points, what Biblical event?

Symphony No. 5 in D minor by Dmitri Shostakovich

Written in 1937, this work's composer supposedly characterized its fourth movement's (*) "marchers" as muttering "our business is rejoicing."

two violins

Yehudi Menuhin and David Oistrakh played these instruments as soloists in a 1954 performance of J. S. Bach's Double Concerto.

Johann Sebastian Bach

Zoltán Kodály (ZOHL-tahn KOH-dye) made a viola arrangement of this composer's Chromatic Fantasy.

Camille Saint-Saens

Zygmunt (^) Stojowski quipped that one of this man's pieces "begins with Bach and ends with Offenbach".

Gabriel Fauré's Requiem

[Composer and title of piece required] John Rutter edited the first published score for this work, but after the discovery of a score annotated by its composer, a new edition was published by Jean-Michel Nectoux.

fugue

[NOTE TO MODERATOR: Please read the string of pitches in the third sentence very slowly] Astor Piazzolla's opera Maria de Buenos Aires includes a piece titled for this form and "Misterioso."

The Well-Tempered Clavier

ach contains two books of preludes and fugues that span all 24 major and minor keys?

fugue

ach was legendarily able to improvise a six-voice work of this type, but died before he was able to complete, for 10 points, a musical composition titled for "The Art of" this musical form.

St John Passion

ach, written three years before the St Matthew Passion.

Edward (William) Elgar

and his friend August Jaeger as "Nimrod" in a series of musical portraits,which are variations on an unknown theme.

concert band

ohn Philip Sousa led this type of ensemble, for which he composed marches like "The Stars and Stripes Forever."