Fecal analysis
All of the following actions can result in watery of diarrheal stools except A. decreased intestinal motility. B. inhibition of water reabsorption. C. inadequate time allowed for water reabsorption. D. an excessive volume of fluid presented for reabsorption.
A
Which of the following actions can cause a falsepositive guaiac-based fecal occult blood slide test? A. Rehydration of the specimen on the slide before testing B. Degradation of hemoglobin to porphyrin C. Storage of fecal specimens before testing D. Storage of slides with the specimen already applied
A
Which of the following tests is used to diagnose steatorrhea? A. Fecal fat B. Fecal carbohydrates C. Fecal occult blood D. Fecal osmolality
A
With the two-slide qualitative fecal fat determination, the first slide produces a normal amount of staining fat present, whereas the second slide, following acid addition and heat, produces an abnormally increased amount of fat. These results indicate A. malabsorption. B. maldigestion. C. parasitic infestation. D. disaccharidase deficiency.
A
excretion of greasy, pale, foul-smelling feces? A. Steatorrhea B. Osmotic diarrhea C. Secretory diarrhea D. Intestinal hypermotility
A
Lactose intolerance caused by the lack of sufficient lactase primarily presents with A. steatorrhea. B. osmotic diarrhea. C. secretory diarrhea. D. intestinal hypermotility.
B
The daily amount of fat excreted in the feces is normally less than A. 0.7 g. B. 7.0 g. C. 70 g. D. 700 g.
B
Which of the following are clinical manifestations of a disaccharidase deficiency? 1. A positive fecal Clinitest 2. Constipation and gas 3. A fecal pH of 5.0 4. A positive fecal occult blood test A. 1, 2, and 3 are correct. B. 1 and 3 are correct. C. 4 is correct. D. All are correct.
B
Which of the following statements about fecal tests is true? A. A fecal fat determination identifies the cause of steatorrhea. B. A fecal leukocyte determination aids in differentiating the cause of diarrhea. C. A fecal Clinitest identifies the enzyme deficiency that prevents sugar digestion. D. A fecal blood screen aids in differentiating bacterial from parasitic infestations.
B
Which of the following statements about feces is TRUE? A. The normal color of feces is primarily due to urobilinogens. B. The amount of feces produced in 24 hours correlates poorly with food intake. C. The normal odor of feces is usually due to metabolic by-products of intestinal protozoa. D. The consistency of feces is primarily determined by the amount of fluid intake.
B
Which of the following tests can differentiate inadequate carbohydrate metabolism from inadequate carbohydrate absorption? A. Fecal Clinitest B. Xylose absorption test C. Oral carbohydrate tolerance tests D. Carbohydrate thin-layer chromatography
B
Which of the following types of fat require acidification and heat before they stain with Sudan III or Oil Red O stain? 1. Fatty acids 2. Cholesterol 3. Soaps (fatty acid salts) 4. Neutral fats (triglycerides) A. 1, 2, and 3 are correct. B. 1 and 3 are correct. C. 4 is correct. D. All are correct.
B
which of the following substances is not a component of normal feces? A. bacteria B. blood C. Electrolytes D. water
B
Fecal specimens may be tested for each of the following except A. fat. B. blood. C. bilirubin. D. carbohydrates.
C
Mass screening in adults for fecal occult blood is performed primarily to detect A. ulcers. B. hemorrhoids. C. colorectal cancer. D. esophageal varices.
C
Select the true statement about fecal occult blood tests (FOBTs) A. Guaiac-based FOBTs are more specific than immunochemical-based FOBTs. B. Guaiac-based FOBTs are more expensive than immunochemical-based FOBTs. C. Dietary restrictions are not required when immunochemical-based FOBTs are used. D. Hemoglobin from nonhuman sources (e.g., red meat) can cause false-positive results when immunochemical-based FOBTs are used.
C
Which of the following dietary substances can cause a false-negative guaiac-based fecal occult blood slide test? A. Fish B. Red meat C. Ascorbic acid D. Fruits and vegetables
C
Which of the following substances is responsible for the characteristic color of normal feces? A. Bilirubin B. Hemoglobin C. Urobilins D. Urobilinogens
C
Which of the following types of fat readily stain with Sudan III or Oil Red O stain? 1. Fatty acids 2. Cholesterol 3. Soaps (fatty acid salts) 4. Neutral fats (triglycerides) A. 1, 2, and 3 are correct. B. 1 and 3 are correct. C. 4 is correct. D. All are correct.
C
Intestinal motility is stimulated by each of the following except A. castor oil. B. dietary fiber. C. intestinal distention. D. sympathetic nerve activity.
D
The inability to convert dietary foodstuffs into readily absorbable substances is called intestinal A. inadequacy. B. hypermotility. C. malabsorption D. maldigestion.
D
Which of the following conditions can result in the excretion of small amounts of occult blood in the feces? 1. Hemorrhoids 2. Bleeding gums 3. Peptic ulcers 4. Intake of iron supplements A. 1, 2, and 3 are correct. B. 1 and 3 are correct. C. 4 is correct. D. All are correct.
D
Which of the following statements regarding the test for fetal hemoglobin in feces (the Apt test) is TRUE? A. Any adult hemoglobin present should resist alkali treatment. B. The Apt test is used to differentiate various hemoglobinopathies in the newborn. C. Hemoglobin degraded to hematin usually produces a positive test result. D. A pink color following alkali treatment indicates the presence of fetal hemoglobin.
D
Which of the following tests assists most in the differentiation of secretory and osmotic diarrhea? A. Fecal fat B. Fecal carbohydrates C. Fecal occult blood D. Fecal osmolality
D