Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

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FASD

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

brain development and changes

small overall head circumference, also known as microcephaly, includes head circumer

Documentation of three facial abnormalities

smooth philtrum thin vermillion border small palpebral fissures

alcohol kills

specific cells in the developing brain

there is no known

safe level of alcohol use during pregnancy

embryonic stage:

3rd post-conception week of pregnancy is considered the most critical for alcohol, functioning as a teratogen

Social and emotional disabilities

ADHD/ADD, cognitive and memory deficits, speech language disorders, delayed development, social skills

prenatal ALCOHOL EXPOSURE CAN PERMANENTLY

DAMAGE THE BRAIN, AFFECTING IMPORTANT STRUCTURES SUCH AS THE CEREBELLUM AND CORPUS CALLOSUM, AS WELL AS SPECIFIC CELL POPULATIONS IN MANY OTHER REGIONS OF THE BRAIN

to assist with differential diagnosis between

FAS and environmental causes for CNS abnormalities it is important to obtain a complete and detailed history for the individual and his or her family

Fetal exposure to alcohol

alcohol diffuses through placenta, concentration in fetal blood is the same as in the mother's blood within a few minutes, the fetus is able to metabolize alcohol only 10% as fast as the mother

the amount and timing of maternal

alcohol use determine the type and extent of resulting birth defects

Typical birth or latent effects

attention deficits, language difficulties, learning disabilities, impulsive behavior, poor judgement

exposure to alcohol during development

can cause damage to organs and regions other the brain

visualization of the brain of a alcohol

corpous callosum is removed

By the ninth week of development caused by damage

damage caused by alcohol to the brain at this time and until birth can result in abnormal brain function

Criteria for FAS diagnosis, diagnosis requires the presence of all 3 of the following:

documentation of three facial abnormalities, Documentation of growth deficits (height/weight <10th percentile at birth, or intrauterine growth retardation) Documentation of CNS abnormalities

motor functioning delays

for infants-poor sucking, feeding difficulties, delayed motor milestones, difficulty writing or drawing, balance problems, poor dexterity

over half of all pregnacies

in the US are unplanned

average 3 drinks/day following conception

increases risk of having an FAS child

Public health education about FAS

no one knows that a "safe" amount of alcohol consumption during pregnancy may be, health advisories urge women who are planning pregnancy or are pregnant not to drink alcohol

Difficulties identifying FAS

physicians describe facial features differently, and often with no consistency, lack of FAS knowledge among care providers, no documentation of mother's drinking habits in medical records

FAS is 100%

preventable if a woman does not drink alcohol while she is pregnant

clinically significant brain abnormalities observable through imaging techniques

reduction in size of brain, areas of the brain, change in or absence of corpus callosum, change in cerebellum or basal ganglia

full blown fetal alcohol syndrome

represents only the "tip of the iceberg" relative to all alcohol-related birth defects (ARBDs)

FAS

the most severe diagnosis on the spectrum of alcohol related disorders

most women who drink alcohol will continue

to drink until their pregnancy is confirmed


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